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76 results on '"Zivin, Joshua S. Graff"'

2. The Unintended Impacts of Agricultural Fires: Human Capital In China

Author

Zivin, Joshua S. Graff, Liu, Tong, Song, Yingquan, Tang, Qu, and Zhang, Peng

Abstract

The practice of burning agricultural waste is ubiquitous around the world, yet the external human capital costs from those fires have been underexplored. Using data from the National College Entrance Examination (NCEE) and agricultural fires detected by high-resolution satellites in China during 2005 to 2011, this paper investigates the impacts of fires on cognitive performance. To address the endogeneity of agricultural fires, we differentiate upwind fires from downwind fires. We find that a one-standard-deviation increase in the difference between upwind and downwind fires during the exam decreases the total exam score by 1.42 percent of a standard deviation (or 0.6 point), and further decreases the probability of getting into first-tier universities by 0.51 percent of a standard deviation.

Published
2019

3. Does Science Advance One Funeral at a Time?

Author

Azoulay, Pierre, Fons-Rosen, Christian, and Zivin, Joshua S Graff

Subjects
I23, O31, O33
Abstract

We examine how the premature death of eminent life scientists alters the vitality of their fields. While the flow of articles by collaborators into affected fields decreases after the death of a star scientist, the flow of articles by non-collaborators increases markedly. This surge in contributions from outsiders draws upon a different scientific corpus and is disproportionately likely to be highly cited. While outsiders appear reluctant to challenge leadership within a field when the star is alive, the loss of a luminary provides an opportunity for fields to evolve in new directions that advance the frontier of knowledge.

Published
2019

19. SUPERSTAR EXTINCTION

Author

Azoulay, Pierre, Zivin, Joshua S. Graff, and Wang, Jialan

Published
2010

24. Does Science Advance One Funeral at a Time?

Author

Sloan School of Management, Azoulay, Pierre, Fons-Rosen, Christian, Zivin, Joshua S. Graff, Sloan School of Management, Azoulay, Pierre, Fons-Rosen, Christian, and Zivin, Joshua S. Graff

Abstract

We examine how the premature death of eminent life scientists alters the vitality of their fields. While the flow of articles by collaborators into affected fields decreases after the death of a star scientist, the flow of articles by non-collaborators increases markedly. This surge in contributions from outsiders draws upon a different scientific corpus and is disproportionately likely to be highly cited. While outsiders appear reluctant to challenge leadership within a field when the star is alive, the loss of a luminary provides an opportunity for fields to evolve in new directions that advance the frontier of knowledge., National Science Foundation (Award SBE-1460344), National Institute of Aging (Grant P01AG039347)

Published
2021

31. Superstar Extinction. NBER Working Paper No. 14577

Author

National Bureau of Economic Research, Azoulay, Pierre, Zivin, Joshua S. Graff, and Wang, Jialan

Abstract

We estimate the magnitude of spillovers generated by 161 academic "superstars" onto their collaborators' research output. These life scientists died while still being actively engaged in science, thus providing an exogenous source of variation in the structure of their collaborators' coauthorship networks. Following the death of a superstar, we find that collaborators experience, on average, a lasting 5 to 10% decline in their quality-adjusted publication rates. By exploring interactions of the treatment effect with a wide range of star, coauthor and star/coauthor dyad characteristics, we seek to adjudicate between plausible mechanisms that might explain this finding. Taken together, our results suggest that spillovers are circumscribed in ideas space, but not in physical or social space. Superstar extinction reveals the boundaries of the scientific field to which the star contributes -- the "invisible college."

Published
2008

45. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of marginal emissions: Implications for electric cars and other electricity-shifting policies

Author

Graff Zivin, Joshua S., Zivin, Joshua S. Graff, Kotchen, Matthew J., and Mansur, Erin T.

Abstract

In this paper, we develop a methodology for estimating marginal emissions of electricity demand that vary by location and time of day across the United States. The approach takes account of the generation mix within interconnected electricity markets and shifting load profiles throughout the day. Using data available for 2007 through 2009, with a focus on carbon dioxide (CO2), we find substantial variation among locations and times of day.Marginal emission rates are more than three times as large in the upper Midwest com-pared to the western United States, and within regions, rates for some hours of the day are more than twice those for others. We apply our results to an evaluation of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). The CO2emissions per mile from driving PEVs are less than those from driving a hybrid car in the western United States and Texas. In the upper Midwest, how-ever, charging during the recommended hours at night implies that PEVs generate more emissions per mile than the average car currently on the road. Underlying many of our results is a fundamental tension between electricity load management and environmental goals: the hours when electricity is the least expensive to produce tend to be the hours with the greatest emissions. In addition to PEVs, we show how our estimates are useful for evaluating the heterogeneous effects of other policies and initiatives, such as distributed solar and real-time pricing.

Published
2012

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