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This study intended to know the effect of sodium selenite and zinc sulfate on the biochemical metabolites in the blood serum of sheep. The experiment was conducted on male sheep of the Kurdi ram and lamb breed in four treatments each as follows; Treatment 1: (control group) without addition, Treatment 2: addition of selenium at a level of 0.5 mg/kg feed, Treatment 3: addition of zinc at a level of 100 mg/kg feed, Treatment 4: addition of selenium with zinc at a level of 0.5 + 100 mg/kg feed for 90 days. The results were significant in the levels of glucose, LDL cholesterol, creatine, immunoglobulin M (IgM), and HDL cholesterol in the second treatment compared to the other treatments and there were no significant differences in the levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood serum. The level of cholesterol increased in the fourth treatment compared to the other treatments in the blood serum, and significant differences were found in the level of albumin and immunoglobulin (IgM) in the fourth treatment compared to the rest of the treatments, and immunoglobulin level (IgG) lowered in all addition treatments compared to the control treatment in the blood serum. We conclude from these results that the addition of selenium and zinc mixture improves some biochemical and immunological properties in the blood serum of rams and lamb of the Kurdi sheep breed.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Sodium selenite (Se) and zinc sulfate (Zn) supplementation individually and blended between them on semen quality, testicle size, weight, and Histological changes of the testis and epididymis, in 12 Kurdi rams. The twelve rams were divided randomly into 4 equal groups. The animals were divided into four groups 3 rams per group. The first group was the normal diet control without the addition of selenium and zinc, the second group added selenium (sodium selenite) at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg fed, and the third group added zinc (zinc sulfate) at a concentration of 100 mg/kg fed. The fourth group added selenium with zinc at a concentration of 0.5 + 100 mg/kg fed and was given gelatin capsules daily for 90 days. Semen was collected on the 90th day of the experiment. The results showed that the level of Selenium and Zinc in the blood serum significantly (p≤0.05) increased the groups that added Se, Zn, and a combination of them compared to the control group. Overall results revealed that the abnormal sperms were improved by dietary selenium supplementation, No significant differences (P≥0.05) were found in semen volume, color, PH, sperm motility, sperm concentration, and percent live spermatozoa. Our conclusion from this study confirmed that the supplementation of Sodium selenite and zinc sulfate can improve semen quality and has positive effects on Histological parameters in Kurdi rams.

Background and Objectives: Nurses in their daily practice need acceptable level of ethical development. There is few literature about ethical development of Iranian nurses. The aims of present study are to determine the level ethical development in nurses and its related factors.Methods: This descriptive-correlational study conducted in 2010. The study sample consisted of 269 nurses working in three training-treatment hospitals affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. These nurses selected by census sampling method. For assessing the ethical development of nurses, nursing dilemma test was used. This questionnaire was designed based on Kohlbergs’ theory of ethical development and assessed ethical development in pre-convetional, conventional and post-convetional levels. The data analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Forty four nurses (16.3%) were in pre-conventional level, 86 nurses (31.8%) were in conventional level, 116 nurses (43.1%) were in post-conventional level, and 23 nurses (8.5%) were in clinical consideration level. There was negative significant correlation between ethical development of nurses with their job experience. Conclusion: In spite of this fact that near half of nurses are at postconventional level, but still a significant number of them are at lower levels of ethical development. These findings indicate that nursing managers should pay more attention to ethical development of nurses.

This paper introduces a modified version of the Variational Iteration Method, incorporating P-transformation. We propose a novel semi-analytical technique named the modified variational iteration method for addressing fractional difierential equations featuring tempered Liouville- Caputo derivatives. The modified variational iteration method emerges as a highly eficient and powerful mathematical tool, ofiering exact or approximate solutions for a diverse range of real-world problems in en- gineering and the natural sciences, specifically those expressed through difierential equations. To assess its efiectiveness and accuracy, we scru- tinize the modified variational iteration method by applying it to three problems related to the heat-like multidimensional difiusion equation with a fractional time derivative in a tempered Liouville-Caputo form [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of glycerin at levels of 6%, 12% and 18% to different diets on some of the Biochemical Indicators and antioxidants in the blood serum of 12 Lambs, that aged between (3 - 4) months. The lambs were divided into four groups consist of the control group, diet without the addition of glycerin, the second group, the added of glycerin by 6% of fed, the third group, the added of glycerin by 12% of fed, the fourth group and the added of glycerin by 18% of fed. The blood samples were collected from all lambs during 90 days of the experiment. The results showed that no significant effect of liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyltransferase, (GGT) in the blood serum. The differences were significant at the level of insulin in the added of glycerin compared to the control group. The level of growth hormone significantly increased in the third treatment compared to the other of the treatments and the control group, the level of T4 hormone was significantly higher in the fourth treatment compared to the other of the treatment and the control group, the level of T3 hormone was significant increased in the added treatments compared to the control group. The results were significant in some biochemical indicators (Glucose, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Total Protein and Globulin) in the added treatments compared to the control group, the results were shown that the Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Glutathione (GSH) levels recorded improvement. When treated with glycerin compared to the control group.It concluded that the added of glycerin at different levels of 6%, 12% and 18% of diets improves some of the hormones and biochemical indicators and did not have a detrimental effect on liver enzymes and significantly improved the status of antioxidants in blood serum of male lambs awassi breed sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: A. Rahmani, R. Mohammadian, C. Ferguson, L. Golizadeh, M. Zirak, H. Chavoshi Objectives: To investigate the level and determinants of posttraumatic growth in Iranian cancer patients. Materials and Methods: [...]

Copyright of Journal of Animal & Poultry Production is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Given the great diversity of heavy metals in the environment and their concentration within different feds, it is impossible to achieve levels of contamination below the detection limit for all elements in tissues. Therefore, it is necessary to work at different levels in order to control contamination with heavy metals and reduce the risks of human exposure in the fed chain, as well as prepare detection methods to control these pollutants in the fed chain and different body tissues from heavy metals. Heavy metals were analyzed in meat and fat of lambs of Kurdi sheep after taking a dose of selenium at a concentration of 0.5 mg / kg and zinc at a concentration of 100 mg / kg for a period of 90 days separately or their combination. The results showed the determination of the metallic elements of each of Selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Palladium (Pd), thallium (Ti), Antimony (Sb), Tin (Sn), Molybdenum (Mo), Tungsten (W), Strontium (Sr), Tantalum (Ta), argon (Ar), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Platinum (Pt), Bromine (Br), arsenic (As), Zirconium (Zr), Bismuth (Bi), Cobalt (Co) and Iridium (Ir) in meat and fat tissues, there was no percentage of mineral elements for each of Silver (Ag), Cadmium (Cd), Manganese (Mn), indium (In), mercury (Hg), Platinum (Pt), Vanadium (V), Rhenium (Re) and Chromium (Cr) Concentrations of some metal elements were within the permissible limits It was approved by WHO, ANZFA, and Institute of Medicine, but some mineral elements do not have data on permissible limits. It is concluded from these results that supplementation of selenium and zinc improves animal health and does not have a harmful effect on meat and fat tissues. It needs careful studies to know the toxic concentration of the metallic elements that were challenged for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Medication adherence plays an important role in managing cardiovascular diseases. Trust in nurses may be effective in enhancing medication adherence in patients with cardiovascular diseases., Aim: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between trust in nurses among cardiac patients and their medication adherence and explore the predictors of medication adherence., Methods: This descriptive correlational design was conducted among "302″ cardiac patients hospitalized at Amir Al-momenin Teaching Hospital affiliated with Maragheh University of Medical Sciences. Data was gathered using a demographic characteristics questionnaire, Medication Adherence Scale, and Trust in Nurses' Scale. Data was analyzed using descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, median, and descriptive tables) and inferential (Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, Spearman correlation coefficient, and quartile regression) statistics. Data was gathered from October 2023 to January 2024. The data was analyzed using SPSS software ver.21., Findings: The mean and standard deviation of medication adherence and trust in nurses were 91.6 ± 6.9 and 10.5 ± 3.9, respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between trust in nurses and medication adherence( r = 0.61). There was a significant difference in medication adherence based on the type of disease. So that, the median medication adherence was the highest for coronary artery patients and the lowest for hypertensive patients. The results of quartile regression analysis showed that trust in nurses and type of disease are the main predictors of medication adherence (R 2 =20 %.)., Discussion and Conclusions: The results indicated that medication adherence among cardiovascular patients was moderate and patients' trust in nurses was less than average. Considering the type of disease as an unmodifiable variable, trust in nurses was the main modifiable factor that plays an important role in increasing medication adherence of cardiovascular patients. Therefore, appropriate strategies such as teaching communication skills to nurses, and training and attracting interested individuals with high communication skills should be taken to enhance patients' trust in nurses., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

A new amphiphilic azo-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) derivative was synthesized by functionalizing octa(3-aminopropyl)silsesquioxane (OAS-POSS) with 4-((4-(dodecyloxy)phenyl)diazenyl)benzoic acid, affording a hydrophilic amino POSS head and hydrophobic dodecyl tail with a diphenyl-azo connector. Prepared amphiphilic azo-functionalized POSS (azo-POSS) exhibited high ability for encapsulation and transferring cationic dyes into the organic phase by vigorously mixing with aqueous solutions of each dye. The photo-controlled encapsulating properties of the synthesized phase transfer reagent was studied using cationic dyes, such as methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV) and thymol blue in acidic conditions. Results showed more than 95 % encapsulation of MB. However, no considerable encapsulation was shown in the case of anionic dyes such as eriochrome black T (EBT) and thymol blue in alkaline solutions. By trans/cis isomerization of the azo moiety of the phase transfer reagent by UV irradiation (365 nm), the amount of dye encapsulation was decreased, which could be attributed to the formation of cis isomer that led to the folding of the dodecyl alkyl tail on the POSS moiety, and therefore prevent to lay the 3-aminopropyl moieties of POSS head to the water/DCM interface to adsorb and encapsulate MB molecules., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Metal-organic frameworks, as a kind of advanced nanoporous materials with metal centers and organic linkers, have been applied as promising electrode materials in energy storage devices. In this study, we are successfully prepared cobalt sulfide nanosheets (CoS) derived from the metal-organic framework on nickel foam (NF). The prepared electrodes are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda and electrochemical methods like voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The CoS/NF electrode demonstrates a high specific capacity of 377.5 mA h g -1 (1359 C g -1 ) at the current density of 2 A g -1 , considerable rate performance and excellent durability (89.4% after 4000 cycles). A hybrid supercapacitor is assembled using CoS/NF as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode, it shows a high energy density of 57.4 W h kg -1 at a power density of 405.2 W kg -1 . The electrochemical results suggest that the CoS nanosheet arrays would possess excellent potential for applications in energy storage devices., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Molybdenum-doped BiVO 4 thin films were uniformly coated on indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) substrates via a facile modified hot spin coating (HSC) technique. The prepared layers were used as photoanode in a photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell. Different percentage of Mo dopant was examined to maximize the photo-current density (J) of the layers. The highest J value (872 ± 8 μA/cm 2 ) was obtained by 5 atomic% of Mo doping. After that, the surface topographies of these samples were changed by varying the initial precursor concentration from 27 to 80 mM. The relation between surface topographies and the PEC activity of Mo-doped BiVO 4 thin films was investigated from microscopic point of view by calculating the surface roughness exponent of α, and a mechanism for the PEC activity of Mo-doped BiVO 4 photoanodes was proposed accordingly. The sample with a small roughness exponent provided a surface with jagged microscopic fluctuations which may trap the air molecules between the electrolyte and sample surface, hindering the fine atomic interaction for photo-generated electron-hole transition. Therefore, the layer with the highest roughness exponent (2α = 0.48 ± 0.03), which means the smoother microscopic surface and better interfacial contact with the electrolyte, exhibited the best PEC activity., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Cellulose nanofibers decorated with SiO 2 nanoparticles (SiO 2 -CNF) were prepared by the extraction of cellulose nanofibers from Yucca leaves, followed by modification with SiO 2 nanoparticles, and used as efficient materials for the removal of both anionic and cationic dyes from the aqueous solution. Prepared nanostructures were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction powder (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The adsorption capacity of the nanostructures was investigated for the removal of both cationic (Methylene Blue, MB, and Crystal Violet, CV) and anionic (Eriochrome Black-T, EB) dyes. The kinetics of adsorption were investigated using some well-known models, including intraparticular diffusion (IPD), pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), and Elovich. The adsorption isotherms were also explored using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Redlich-Peterson models. The obtained results revealed that the adsorption processes follow PSO kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. Thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption were measured at different temperatures, indicating the feasibility and spontaneity of the adsorption. The pH and salt effects on adsorption were also explored. Finally, according to the reusability tests, the prepared adsorbents showed high recoverability without considerable loss in adsorption efficiency after five repeated runs., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Environmental chemicals and drugs can induce cardiotoxicity, mainly by generating free radicals. Reactive oxygen species play a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiac tissue injury. This highlights a need for prevention of cardiotoxicity by scavenging free radicals. Melatonin has been shown to act as a protector against various conditions in which free radicals cause molecular and tissue injury. Some of the mechanisms by which melatonin operates as a free radical scavenger and antioxidant have been identified. The importance of endogenous melatonin in cardiovascular health and the benefits of melatonin supplementation in different cardiac pathophysiological disorders have been shown in a variety of model systems. Melatonin continues to attract attention for its potential therapeutic value for cardiovascular toxicity. The therapeutic potential of melatonin in treatment of cardiotoxicities caused by various chemicals along with suggested molecular mechanisms of action for melatonin is reviewed.

Statement of the Problem: Hybrid abutments are made of a titanium implant insert and a ceramic component. The tensile bond strength between the titanium implant insert and the ceramic component is not still clearly known., Purpose: This in vitro study aimed to compare the tensile bond strength of the titanium insert to ceramic components made of milled lithium disilicate, milled zirconia, and pressable lithium disilicate., Materials and Method: To standardize the shape and dimension of the ceramic components, a single computer-aided design/computer assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) superstructure was designed with Dental Designer software. Based on this model, CAD milled zirconia (Zr), CAD milled Lithium disilicate (CAD-LD) and heat-pressed lithium-disilicate (H-LD) superstructures were fabricated (n=10 per group). They were bonded to the titanium inserts by using self-adhesive resin cement. The prepared superstructure-titanium insert complexes (hybrid abutments) were screwed into the implants with 35 Ncm torque. The tensile bond strength of the ceramic superstructures to the titanium inserts were recorded by the universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 2 mm/min. The data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA and Tamhane post-hoc test ( p < 0.05)., Results: The mean±SD of tensile bond strength was 328.50±30.4 N in CAD-LD, 257.30±23.8 N in H-LD, and 242.20±21.2 N in Zr groups. One-way ANOVA revealed the groups significantly different in terms of the tensile bond strength ( p < 0.001). Tamhane post-hoc test showed a significant difference between the CAD-LD and the two other groups ( p <0.001); however, no statistically significant difference was detected between the H-LD and Zr groups ( p = 0.39)., Conclusion: It can be concluded that the CAD-LD has higher bond strength to titanium insert compared with the H-LD and Zr groups. Therefore, they might be clinically more beneficial in high-esthetic areas.

Objectives: Water sorption and water solubility adversely affect the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the denture material. This study aimed to evaluate the water sorption and solubility of three direct hard reline acrylic resins and a heat-curing one after immersion in food-simulating agents., Materials and Methods: This study was performed on four groups of samples ( n = 10 per group). The samples were made of three direct hard reline acrylic resins (TDV Cold Liner Rebase, Tokuyama Rebase II Fast, GC Reline Hard) and a heat-curing one (Meliodent). Each group was divided into four subgroups ( n = 10) to undergo 7-day immersion in distilled water, 75% ethanol/water, 0.02 N citric acid, and heptane. Water sorption and solubility were calculated according to Oysaed and Ruyter formula. The statistical analyses were done by using SPSS software (version 22). Kruskal-Wallis H Test and Dunn's test were used to detect any significant difference among the groups ( P < 0.05)., Results: The median range of water solubility and water sorption values were -0.87-4.92 and 3.75-27.25 μg/mm 3 , respectively. The median solubility and sorption values of different resins differed significantly in the same solution ( P < 0.05). Besides, immersion in different solutions caused significant differences in the median solubility and sorption values of each reline material ( P < 0.05), except for Meliodent whose solubility was not significantly affected by different solutions ( P = 0.16)., Conclusions: Water sorption and solubility values of the tested hard reline resins were within the range of International Standards Organization 1567:1999. Given the low sorption and solubility values, these hard reline materials can be safely used in clinical situations., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

Objective: The study aimed to explore Iranian cancer survivors' experiences of returning to work., Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted with 20 cancer survivors at their workplace and in a referral cancer center. Data were analyzed using a conventional content analysis technique., Results: Three main categories were identified as important in cancer survivors' experiences of returning to work: (1) individual perspectives, (2) nature of disease, and (3) access to support system. Results showed that returning to work contained different meaning for men and women. Also, it was found that cancer survivors had limited information about the disease and return to work that made them doubtful about returning to work., Conclusion: Cancer survivors have different individual perspectives that affect their decision about returning to work. Their perspectives should be assessed before returning to work, and necessary support should be provided for them in returning to work process. In this regard, health care systems and rehabilitation specialists should inform cancer survivors about the disease and return to work. Also, employers should prepare work places for cancer survivors' entrance., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

Group 6 transition metal dichalcogenides (G6-TMDs), most notably MoS 2 , MoSe 2 , MoTe 2 , WS 2 and WSe 2 , constitute an important class of materials with a layered crystal structure. Various types of G6-TMD nanomaterials, such as nanosheets, nanotubes and quantum dot nano-objects and flower-like nanostructures, have been synthesized. High thermodynamic stability under ambient conditions, even in atomically thin form, made nanosheets of these inorganic semiconductors a valuable asset in the existing library of two-dimensional (2D) materials, along with the well-known semimetallic graphene and insulating hexagonal boron nitride. G6-TMDs generally possess an appropriate bandgap (1-2 eV) which is tunable by size and dimensionality and changes from indirect to direct in monolayer nanosheets, intriguing for (opto)electronic, sensing, and solar energy harvesting applications. Moreover, rich intercalation chemistry and abundance of catalytically active edge sites make them promising for fabrication of novel energy storage devices and advanced catalysts. In this review, we provide an overview on all aspects of the basic science, physicochemical properties and characterization techniques as well as all existing production methods and applications of G6-TMD nanomaterials in a comprehensive yet concise treatment. Particular emphasis is placed on establishing a linkage between the features of production methods and the specific needs of rapidly growing applications of G6-TMDs to develop a production-application selection guide. Based on this selection guide, a framework is suggested for future research on how to bridge existing knowledge gaps and improve current production methods towards technological application of G6-TMD nanomaterials.

Background: Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a quantitative measure of variability in the size of circulating erythrocytes. It has been recently identified as a prognostic marker in several diseases including acute pancreatitis (AP). In this systematic review the prognostic value of RDW in predicting mortality of AP patients will be assessed. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and ISI databases were searched until September 2016 using the following search strategy: (pancreatitis OR pancreatitides) AND (RDW OR "red cell distribution width" OR "red blood cell distribution width" OR anisocytosis). Four authors independently reviewed the retrieved articles. Studies were included if they had evaluated the association between RDW value and mortality of acute pancreatitis patients. Case reports, comments, letters to the editor, reviews, study protocols, and experimental studies were not included. Data abstraction and quality assessment for the included studies was independently performed by two authors. Quality of studies was assessed using Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine checklist for prognostic studies. Data were synthesized qualitatively, and a meta-analysis was performed on the diagnostic performance of RDW to predict mortality in AP patients. Results: Seven studies (976 patients) were included in the systematic review. Six studies reported a statistically significant association between RDW value and mortality. Meta-analysis was performed on four studies (487 patients) using a bivariate model and a summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curve was plotted with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.757. The pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), sensitivity and specificity was 19.51 (95% CI: 5.26-72.30), 67% (95% CI: 51%-80%) and 90% (95% CI: 73%-96%), respectively. Conclusion: RDW is an easy to use and an inexpensive marker with a moderate prognostic value to predict death in AP patients. Clinicians should be more alert when a patient with AP has an increased RDW. Investigation of possible combinations of other prognostic markers with RDW is recommended.

Aims: Diabetes is one of the biggest problems in healthcare systems and kills many people every year. Diabetes management is impossible when only utilizing medication. So, patients must be educated to manage their diabetes. This study aims to assess the effect of education by telephone and short message service on empowering patients with type 2 diabetes (primary outcome)., Materials and Methods: A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Urmia diabetes association in Iran. Sixty six participants with definitive diagnosis of type 2 diabetes entered into the study. Patients with secondary health problems were excluded. Patients were selected by simple random sampling then allocated into intervention (n=33) and control (n=33) groups. The intervention group received an educational text message daily and instructive phone calls three days a week for three months along with usual care. The Diabetes Empowerment Scale (DES) with confirmed validity and reliability was used for collecting data. Data was analyzed using SPSS V6.1. Independent t-test, paired t-test and chi-square were used to analyze the data., Results: The empowerment of the intervention group compared with the control group significantly improved after three months of distance education (p<0.00, EF=1. 16)., Conclusions: The study findings show that the distance education has a significant effect on empowering patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, using distance education along with other diabetes management intervention is highly effective and should be part of the care in diabetes treatment., (Copyright © 2016 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

α-Imino esters are useful precursors for the synthesis of a variety of types of natural and unnatural α-amino acid derivatives, with a wide range of biological activities. Due to the adjacent ester group, α-imino esters are more reactive relative to other types of imines and undergo different kinds of reactions, including organometallics addition, metal catalyzed vinylation and alkynylation, aza-Henry, aza-Morita-Baylis-Hillman, imino-ene, Mannich-type, and cycloaddition reactions, as well as hydrogenation and reduction. This review discusses the mechanism, scope, and applications of the reactions of α-imino esters and related compounds in organic synthesis, covering the literature from the last 12 years.

Introduction: Dignity is considered as fundamental human needs and recognized as one of the central concepts in nursing science. The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which patients' dignity is respected and to evalutae its relationship with contextual variables. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 256 hospitalized patients in the two teaching hospitals affiliated to Zanjan University of medical sciences, Iran. Data were collected by a questionnaire consist of two sections: (a) demographic characteristics, and (b) patient dignity including 32 questions. Data were analyzed by SPSS (ver.13) software using independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation. Results: The result showed that the mean (standard deviation) of total score of patient's dignity was 108.17 (25.28). According to the result, the majority of the respondents (76.2%) were not aware of patient's rights. There was a significant difference in mean scores of total dignity between single and married persons, living in city or village, and hospitalization in Moosavi and Valiasr hospital. Conclusion: Health care systems should take the provision of the patients' dignity into account through using a comprehensive educational program for informing of patient, family members, and health professionals about patients' dignity.

Direct solvent exfoliation of bulk MoS2 with the assistance of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) produces a novel two-dimensional organic/inorganic semiconductor hetero-junction. The obtained P3HT-MoS2 nanohybrid exhibits unexpected optical limiting properties in contrast to the saturated absorption behavior of both P3HT and MoS2, showing potential in future photoelectric applications.

Introduction: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is the most common and unpleasant postoperative complication. There is much controversy on preoperative fluid therapy. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of crystalloid fluid (Ringer solution) versus colloid (Haemaccel solution) on the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients receiving spinal anesthesia., Methods: In this double-blinded clinical trial, 46 patients were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups. The crystalloid group received Ringer solution at a volume of 7 ml/kg and colloid group received 7ml/kg of 3% Modified Gelatin (Haemaccel) as a preoperative intravenous bolus. We used a Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) for assessing the nausea and vomiting occurrence. Data were analyzed using SPSS software ver.13 and χ(2) test and independent t-test., Results: The result showed that the incidence of PONV was less frequent in both Ringer and Haemaccel groups, but the incidence of vomiting and the intensity of nausea was not significantly different in any time point after anesthesia., Conclusion: We conclude that preoperative fluid administration decreases the incidence of PONV, and both Crystalloids (Ringer) and colloids (haemaccel) solution were found to be equivalent in prevention of PONV. Therefore using of either Ringer or haemaccel solution is recommended for prevention of PONV.