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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between partner selection factors and effectiveness of collaboration between sport clubs, as well as the mediating role of collaboration process dimensions on this relationship. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected via an online survey targeting representatives of sport clubs in Belgium (n 5 631). Hierarchical multiple linear regression and mediation analyses were conducted using SPSS macro PROCESS. Findings – The results indicate that two partner selection factors – shared vision and pre-existing relationships – are related to collaboration effectiveness. Moreover, this association is mediated by the collaboration process and, more particularly, by two informal (social) dimensions of this process: mutuality and trust. Practical implications – Practically, this study suggests sport clubs representatives to chiefly pay attention to partner selection characteristics when deciding to collaborate with other sport clubs. They should assess their potential partners and eventually choose sport clubs that share a similar vision and/or with whom they already have pre-existing relationships. Originality/value – This paper extends knowledge on non-profit sport collaboration effectiveness by empirically examining its relationship to the partner selection factors and collaboration process. It helps establish the distinctiveness of this collaboration form. The paper also brings new knowledge on the interconnections between antecedents, process and effectiveness of sport collaboration.

Good governance and innovation are two major concerns for sport federations. In response to the scandals that have shaken sport's image in recent decades, sport organisations, governments, and research groups encourage or impose sport federation to implement several good governance principles (Geeraert, 2021; Parent & Hoye, 2018). Meanwhile, sport federations need to innovate to cope with an increasingly changing and competitive environment (Corthouts et al., 2021; Tjønndal, 2017). To date, although evidence of the impact of governance on innovation exists in the non-profit literature (Jaskyte, 2018), the relationship between (good) governance and sport innovation remains unclear and overlooked. This study examines the relationship between good governance and innovation by comparing innovations adoption between better and poorer-governed sport federations. Developing more knowledge on the potential benefits of good governance is needed to foster change and overcome some of the resistances and barriers (Geeraert, 2021). Our research answers the following question: Are better-governed sport federations more innovative than poorer-governed ones? Theoretical Background and Literature Review Henry & Lee (2004) defined good governance as "the accepted norms or values for the just means of allocation of resources, and profits or losses (financial or other) and of the conduct of processes involved in the management and direction of organisations in the sport business" (p.3). Three recurring principles emerge among these norms and values: transparency, democracy, and accountability. Sport innovations are "proactive and intentional processes that involve the generation and practical adoption of new and creative ideas, which aim to produce a qualitative change in a sport context" (Tjønndal, 2017, p. 293). Recently, Corthouts et al. (2021) identified six innovation types adopted by sport federations: strategic knowledge management, entrepreneurship and cooperation, knowledge sh

This study aims to identify resource-based profiles of sport clubs related to collaboration and non-collaboration with other sport clubs. Organizational capacity is used to frame this study theoretically. A qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) (n = 427) was carried out. Results identified five collaboration profiles and three related to non-collaboration between sport clubs. This study makes three main contributions to the sport collaboration literature. First, it contributes to the non-profit sport collaboration literature by identifying profiles of collaborating and non-collaborating sport clubs. Second, our research provides new insights about non-collaborating sport organizations and introduces the notion of asymmetry. Finally, this study demonstrates the relevancy of adopting configurational thinking in sport management. Practically, our research offers implications for managers of sport clubs.

Research question: Understanding corporate social responsibility (CSR) implementation requires identifying factors that contribute to the ability of a sport organisation to develop CSR. This paper examines the complex combination of organisational factors associated with CSR implementation in a sport federation (SF) setting. Thus, this study identifies organisational factors of professionalisation for CSR implementation and different configurations associated with CSR implementation. Research methods: The study adopted a comparative approach combining a survey, interviews, and organisational documents in a sample of 19 Belgian SFs. A crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (csQCA) was carried out to identify the combination of organisational factors associated with CSR implementation. Results and Findings: This study identifies four configurations associated with high CSR implementation and three configurations with low CSR implementation. Innovation capacity is a necessary organisational factor for CSR implementation that should be combined with financial autonomy, knowledge and human resources. The study reveals that organisational size is not a key condition associated with CSR implementation. The latter does not necessarily require a significant number of professional staff as long as the organisation is innovative and financially autonomous. Implications: This study contributes to the emergent research in the sport management literature and CSR literature on factors shaping CSR implementation by highlighting that it requires a combination of key organisational factors. The multiple configurations that emerged reveal the complex nature of CSR implementation, and reinforce the view that there is no ‘one size fits all’ solution to implement CSR

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the collaboration between sport federations and their sport clubs by examining club presidents’ perceptions of the relationship between the process and the effectiveness of this collaboration. Design: An online survey was administered to representatives of sport clubs in Wallonia, Belgium (n = 666). Multiple regression analysis was conducted. The independent variables were the five dimensions of the collaboration process and the dependent variables were the club presidents’ perceptions of the effectiveness of the collaboration. Findings: Results indicate that, according to club presidents’ perceptions, the process of collaboration is closely linked to collaboration effectiveness. Moreover, the research highlights that specific process dimensions such as mutuality and trust are closely related to club presidents’ perceptions of the effectiveness of the collaboration. Practical Implications: This research highlights that sport federations and sport clubs should strengthen their interorganisational interdependence and trust in order to collaborate more effectively. Research Contribution: This study contributes to the literature by providing strong empirical evidence that the process of collaboration is closely related to the effectiveness of collaboration between federations and their clubs. Mutuality and trust are particularly crucial for effective collaboration.

Sport clubs are one of the main providers of sport activities. Collaborations with other non-profit sport organisations (such as other sport clubs or sport federations) have become increasingly relevant for sport clubs to achieve their goals. However, these particular collaborations, called non-profit sport collaborations, are challenging and often not very effective. Yet, few studies have focused on this distinct type of collaboration. The purpose of this dissertation is to examine these non-profit sport collaborations with a specific focus on non-profit sport collaborations involving sport clubs. This dissertation addresses two main research questions: (1) What are the antecedents of non-profit sport collaborations involving sport clubs? (2) How can these collaborations be managed to make them effective? Theoretical and practical implications are formulated for sport clubs, sport federations and policy-makers to foster effective collaborations within federated sport systems., (MOTR - Sciences de la motricité) -- UCL, 2021

Purpose Being innovative is important for non-profit sport organizations in order to meet the ever-changing and increasing societal needs. Understanding why and to what extent organizational innovativeness differs between non-profit sport organizations is, therefore, important to assess and increase their chances of survival. The purpose of this study is to compare the structural characteristics and attitudes of innovation attributes between three groups of sport federations (SFs). Design/methodology/approach An online self-assessment survey was sent to all recognized regional Belgian SFs (N = 156). Simultaneously, an observational desk research (i.e. media analysis) was carried out. Results from both data collection methods were combined to develop a composite organizational innovativeness-index, based on which the federations were then clustered in three distinct adopter groups. Findings Comparative statistics show that structural background characteristics generally are poor indicators for adopter categorization. In contrast, the attitudes about compatibility (i.e. the consistency of innovations with existing values) and complexity (i.e. the extent to which innovations are difficult to apprehend) seem the most important distinctive determinants for the different groups of SFs. Originality/value The study's contribution is twofold. First, it offers a methodological contribution with the development of an index, which enables the categorization of non-profit sport organizations according to their organizational innovativeness; thus, it provides a critical counter-argument to the importance of organizational structural background characteristics from previous studies. Second, the study's results may support non-profit sport organizations in improving their innovativeness, for instance by improving the perception of compatibility with innovation or by guiding policymakers in creating a more supportive environment for these organizations to do so.

A special edition of Sport and Citizenship to release interim findings of the Erasmus+ funded study: 'Promoting a Strategic Approach to EU Sport Diplomacy"

Dans la plupart des pays occidentaux, les fédérations sportives s’appuient sur la collaboration avec leurs clubs pour accomplir la mission centrale de développement de leur sport. Alors que de nombreuses études se sont intéressées aux collaborations dans le domaine sportif, on en sait moins sur cette collaboration singulière et particulièrement sur son évaluation (Babiak et al., 2018). Pourtant, cette évaluation est cruciale pour comprendre l’efficacité de ces collaborations, notamment, sur l’atteintes des buts organisationnels des clubs et par extension le développement du sport. Misener et Doherty (2013) soutiennent qu’en tenant compte du lien entre le processus et les résultats des collaborations, leur évaluation offrirait de nouvelles perspectives et permettrait d’en améliorer la gestion. Par conséquent, cette étude a pour objectif d’évaluer les collaborations entre les fédérations sportives et leurs clubs en examinant la relation entre le processus de la collaboration et son efficacité perçue dans l’atteinte des buts organisationnels des clubs. Cette recherche répond à la question suivante : « Quelles dimensions du processus de collaboration entre une fédération sportive et ses clubs sont associées à l’efficacité perçue de cette collaboration dans l’atteinte des buts organisationnels des clubs ? ». Les données ont été collectées au moyen d’une enquête en ligne. Cette enquête a été envoyée aux présidents des clubs sportifs belges francophones via leur fédération ou leur municipalité. En raison du RGPD, le nombre exact de clubs ayant reçus l’enquête n’est pas connu. Au total, 1992 clubs ont répondu à l’enquête. Après suppression des données incomplètes ou aberrantes, n = 666 clubs ont été inclus dans l’analyse. Cinq régressions linéaires multiples ont été menées à l’aide du logiciel IBM SPSS 25. Sur base de l’étude de Nagel (2008), cinq principaux buts organisationnels des clubs sportifs ont été identifiés. Les cinq variables dépendantes sont l’efficacité perçue

This study examines the concept of organisational hybridity and its applicability in non-profit sport organisations (NPSOs). In the non-profit sector, hybridity refers to “the complex organizational forms that arise as voluntary, charitable, and community organizations confront differentiated task, legitimacy, or resource environments” (Skelcher & Smith, 2015, p. 433). For instance, hybridity is illustrated by corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices increasingly implemented by NPSOs, that might eventually create a diversion of time, energy and money away from their core mission (Jones, 2007) potentially lead to mission drift. Understanding what hybridity means for non-profits and its impact on governance and management is timely as the hybridization process encapsulates important issues and paradoxes this study examined.

Sport is believed to create positive economic, cultural, health and social values. At the same time, it faces ethical, social and environmental challenges. Through corporate social responsibility (CSR) programmes, sport organisations may stimulate sport’s positive social side and counter and/or prevent its negative side. The scholarly debate about CSR within the sport management field focuses almost exclusively on for-profit sport organisations. Yet, traditional non-profit sport organisations are increasingly addressing such issues under the scope of CSR or any related notion. The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the implementation of CSR programmes by non-profit sport organisations. This dissertation provides important insights on three main elements of CSR implementation, namely organisational determinants, collaborations as means of implementation and organisational learning. The focus of this study is on sport federations – those sport governing bodies in charge of the organisation of specific sporting codes and the representatives of their sport. The study investigates how sport federations build on their sport-federated network, internal and external stakeholders (e.g., sport clubs, state and national bodies, public authorities, non-profit partners) to develop, implement and institutionalise CSR programmes within their organisational settings. Theoretical and practical implications are formulated for sport federations to implement CSR sustainably., (MOTR - Sciences de la motricité) -- UCL, 2019

Hypoxia is the state of lowered O2 tension condition that influence skeletal muscle mass when associated to resistance exercise whether after acute or chronic exposure. The effects of hypoxia on muscle mass are largely investigated but the regulatory mechanisms remain blurring. Aiming to investigate these mechanisms and the possible contribution of Hippo pathway in both protein turnover and satellite cells regulation, we exposed young healthy subjects to acute hypoxia coupled to resistance exercise. Skeletal muscle protein synthesis was blunted by hypoxia and differentiation genes were upregulated while Hippo pathway remained unaffected. Moreover, skeletal muscle machinery genes were regulated by hypoxia suggesting structural adaptations. Surprisingly, a four-week training in hypoxic condition failed to induce those adaptations. This topic requires further investigation to highlight the precise mechanisms and adaptations induced by hypoxia in sport., (MOTR - Sciences de la motricité) -- UCL, 2019

Nonprofit organizations (NPOs) increasingly implement socially responsible programs to address their responsibilities toward society. While collaborations are a valuable means to tackle complex social issues, NPOs also similarly collaborate with other NPOs for delivering socially responsible programs. However, the motivations driving NPOs to collaborate with likeminded organizations for socially responsible programs remain unclear. Using a single embedded in-depth case study research design, our purpose is to examine the formation of collaborations among sport federations and sport clubs for socially responsible programs. Reflecting the interplay between resource-based view and institutional perspectives, our findings intrinsically indicate that partners demonstrate similarity in their motivations to collaborate due to their organizational fit, but with some key differences in the complementary resources they seek. Organizational legitimacy, and resource exchange needs for socially responsible programs are driving the collaboration rather than organizational survival needs. The potential to create social value makes this nonprofit collaboration form unique.

Aim Non-profit sport organizations collaborate to overcome challenges such as resources scarcity or changes of their environment. For example, sport clubs collaborate with like-minded organizations to share infrastructures or acquire knowledge. Although collaboration is a well-studied topic in sport management, limited studies have focused on collaboration among nonprofit sport organizations. Collaborations are commonly described using a three-part approach, namely preconditions, process, and outcomes. While each part has separately attracted considerable research interest, little is known about the links between these different parts. However, examining these interconnections is important to gain knowledge on the effectiveness of collaboration that remains overlooked by the sport management literature. By investigating these interplays, this study aims to fill a gap in the sport collaboration literature. In doing so, this research intends to bring new insights on the reasons of success and failure of collaboration among nonprofit sport clubs. Theoretical Background and Literature Review The preconditions part of the collaboration model refers to characteristics of partner organizations and motivations to collaborate. For instance, six motives that incite sport organizations to collaborate – asymmetry, reciprocity, necessity, legitimacy, efficiency, and stability – are generally highlighted in the literature. The process part refers to mechanisms that contribute to the well-functioning of the collaboration. Thomson and Perry (2006) identified five dimensions constituting this part: governance, administration, mutuality, norms and autonomy. The outcome part includes the impact of collaboration and the effectiveness perceived by the partners. To examine the latter, this study focuses on the subjective evaluation of one partner. The interconnection of these three parts has received some attention in the general literature. Chen (2010) found that the effects of most pre

This thesis analises the relationship to knowledge of four student-trainees in physical education in a traineeship. The concept of relationship to knowledge is mobilized through the theoretical framework of clinical didactics (Terrisse & Carnus, 2009) and according to the sociological approach developed by Charlot (2002). Research reveals that the knowledge taught is not only dictated to the teacher by its own relation to knowledge, depending on its history, as it has been repeatedly observed in other researches, but most importantly, prescribed by the initial training to through the training supervisor and the supervisor. This important subjection, both at the training school and at the traineeship school, is indicative of the tensions observed during the various interviews conducted before and after the session observed in situ. The relationship to knowledge proves to be a valuable indicator of the training logic and the emerging professional identity of the students., Cette thèse analyse le rapport au savoir de quatre étudiants-stagiaires en éducation physique en situation de stage. Le concept de rapport au savoir est mobilisé au moyen du cadre théorique de la didactique clinique (Terrisse & Carnus, 2009) et selon l’approche sociologique développée par Charlot (2002). La recherche révèle que les savoirs enseignés sont, non seulement dictés à l’enseignant par son propre rapport au savoir, dépendant de son histoire, comme il a été maintes fois observés dans d’autres recherches, mais surtout, prescrits par la formation initiale à travers le maître de stage et le superviseur. Cet assujettissement important, tant à l’école de formation qu’à l’école de stage, est révélateur de tensions constatées au cours des différents entretiens menés avant et après la séance observée in situ. Le rapport au savoir se révèle être un indicateur précieux quant à la logique de formation et à l’identité professionnelle naissante des étudiants., (MOTR - Sciences de la motricité) -- UCL, 2018

Sport organizations are increasingly adopting corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. Most research in this area have focused on the motives and outcomes of CSR programs with little research focusing on combinations of factors that impact on CSR implementation. The purpose of this paper is to delineate and measure key conditions that facilitate CSR implementation by sport organizations. Data were collected through a survey, interviews, organizational documents and websites’ analyses in a sample of 19 Belgian sport federations. Due to the small N-sample and the causal complexity inherent in this research, a crispy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) was carried out. The findings indicate four configurations of conditions associated with CSR implementation. This exploratory study significantly contributes to the sport management literature by identifying key determinants and configurations of CSR implementation for sport federations. By doing so, this research opens the scholarly activity toward more non-profit social approach to CSR.

Collaborations have become commonplace for sport organizations. Although, the scholarly activity in collaboration within the sport management field has importantly evolved over the past decade, Babiak, Thibault and Willem (2018) recently noted that the mechanisms of interaction and processes of collaboration remain insufficiently examined. Understanding the dynamics of collaboration– how collaboration occur and work – ultimately remains an important question. This is indeed a critical in understanding how collaboration sustainably evolves over time. Furthermore, identifying mechanisms and micro-processes that make up the stages of implementation may be a way to overcome implementation difficulties (Seitanidi & Crane, 2009). Therefore, these may be important factors explaining why some collaborations succeed and others fail (Babiak et al., 2018). This study examines collaborative dynamics and processes among nonprofit sport organizations (NPSOs). There is a relative paucity of research in the field of nonprofit management research on collaboration on nonprofit collaboration processes (Guo & Gazley, 2015). In the sport literature, few studies have examined collaboration among nonprofit sport organizations (Sotiriadou et al., 2017). Noticeably, like their professional sport and business counterparts, NPSOs increasingly engage in collaborations to handle community and societal needs. However, the existing literature falls short in uncovering the collaborative mechanisms among NPSOs in the delivery of programs that are not core organization’s mission. In reality, most research on collaboration for social responsibility has examined NPSOs as recipients of these partnerships (Seitanidi & Crane, 2009). This article addresses these knowledge gaps by examining the key factors underlying collaboration process among NPSOs for social responsibility programs. Social responsibility is the vehicle through which we examine nonprofit collaboration. This research addresses the followi

Research question: Although the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) may require changes at the strategic, organisational, and operational levels, studies fall short of investigating the role of organisational learning (OL), which is key to grasp how CSR occurs in organisations. This study fills this gap by exploring the dynamic interaction between different levels of the learning process through which sport organisations implement CSR. Research methods: Drawing on Crossan et al.’s 4I Framework, we examine the learning sub-processes characterising CSR implementation in a sport federation. This study uses a single-casestudy research design and analyses interviews (n = 18) and organisational documents (n = 20). Results and findings: This study reveals that OL for CSR is a critical multilevel and dynamic process that consists of learning subprocesses at the intra-organisational and inter-organisational levels. CSR requires both learning new ways of incorporating CSR practices, as well as embedding into the organisation what has already been learnt. Informal and formal groups were identified as strong repositories of learning, while external stakeholders are essential sources of learning intertwined within the organisation alongside the work of inter-organisational boundary spanners. Implications: Theoretically, this paper extends the discussion of CSR implementation by highlighting the critical role of OL. It does so by revealing patterns of learning institutionalisation for CSR in a particular European sport federated setting. These findings highlight that the level of institutionalisation of learning influences the integration and sustainability of the CSR strategy. Practically, managers should consider these learning subprocesses as appropriate platforms on which to instil the CSR construct within their organisation.

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Research question: Although the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) may require changes at the strategic, organisational, and operational levels, studies fall short of investigating the role of organisational learning (OL), which is key to grasp how CSR occurs in organisations. This study fills this gap by exploring the dynamic interaction between different levels of the learning process through which sport organisations implement CSR. Research methods: Drawing on Crossan et al.’s 4I Framework, we examine the learning sub-processes characterising CSR implementation in a sport federation. This study uses a single-case-study research design and analyses interviews (n = 18) and organisational documents (n = 20). Results and Findings: This study reveals that OL for CSR is a critical multilevel and dynamic process that consists of learning subprocesses at the intra-organisational and inter-organisational levels. CSR requires both learning new ways of incorporating CSR practices, as well as embedding into the organisation what has already been learnt. Informal and formal groups were identified as strong repositories of learning, while external stakeholders are essential sources of learning intertwined within the organisation alongside the work of inter-organisational boundary spanners. Implications: Theoretically, this paper extends the discussion of CSR implementation by highlighting the critical role of. It does so by revealing patterns of learning institutionalisation for CSR in a particular European sport federated setting. These findings highlight that the level of institutionalisation of learning influences the integration and sustainability of the CSR strategy. Practically, managers should consider these learning subprocesses as appropriate platforms on which to instil the CSR construct within their organisation.

Evaluation et amélioration des capacités motrices d’enfants infirmes moteurs cérébraux congolais âgés de 6 à 15 ansTHESE de Félicien M’LEMBAKANI T’HENGUA (Lic. Agr. Ed. Phys.)Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie et de Biomécanique du Mouvement. Faculté des Sciences de la MotricitéUNIVERSITE LIBRE DE BRUXELLES (U. L. B.)RESUMEAu cours de ce travail nous avons mesuré les capacités psychomotrices potentielles chez des enfants IMC congolais à Kinshasa dans deux Centre de Rééducation (CRHP et CREBD) et dans le Complexe Scolaire du Mont Amba (UNIKIN) en vue de proposer des programmes adaptés de prise en charge pour améliorer leurs capacités et aptitudes motrices et comportementales. Ceci dans le but aussi d’améliorer leur intégration scolaire et ainsi parvenir à une meilleure immersion familiale et sociétale. Proposer des solutions en ces matières permettrait de faire face à la situation actuelle et ensuite de proposer des solutions relatives aux deux problèmes majeurs des enfants IMC en RDC :- (1) les déficiences motrices dues à des lésions cérébrales irréversibles, - (2) les mépris, totales exclusions, rejet et abandons dont ces enfants sont continuellement victimes de la part des familles et de la société congolaise. Pour parvenir à ces objectifs, nous avons d’abord testés à l’aide de l’échelle de développement psychomoteur de Lincoln-Oseretsky (LOMDS) 160 garçons et filles choisis de façon aléatoire parmi une population de 640 enfants dont 80 IMCs et 80 contrôles. Pour la suite de l’étude et afin d’évaluer les effets d’un entraînement de 9 mois aux activités physiques adaptées (APA), ces deux groupes ont été scindés chacun en deux sous-groupes de 40 sujets, un groupe participant à l’entraînement APA et l’autre servant de contrôle. Avant l’expérimentation APA, un important déficit moteur et psychologique a été mis en évidence chez les 80 enfants IMC par rapport aux 80 enfants contrôles du même âge. Nous n’avons pas observé de différence significative entre les genres. Nos r, Doctorat en Sciences de la motricité, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished