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Extraction of Mn(II) and Co(II) from chloride solutions in the system with a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (HDES) based on di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and menthol is studied depending on the aqueous phase acidity, the HDES composition, the concentration of chloride ions, and the volume ratio of the system phases. The extraction mechanism for the studied metals is established. A thermodynamic analysis of the extraction process in the proposed system is carried out. Evaluation of the possibility of reusing the HDES D2EHPA/menthol on the example of the extraction of Mn(II) ions is performed for the first time. The potential for the application of the proposed HDES for isolation of metals from aqueous solutions is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasound is used to enhance the dissolution of lithium cobalt(III) oxide in the deep eutectic solvent choline chloride–sulfosalicylic acid by the mechanism of liquid stirring by acoustic flows and accelerated penetration of the liquid into the pores and cracks of a metal oxide. Formulas are derived to describe the kinetics of the process and establish the relationship between its main parameters and characteristics. The conditions for the most efficient use of ultrasound are identified. Experimental data are obtained on the dissolution kinetics of LiCoO2 powder in the deep eutectic solvent choline chloride–sulfosalicylic acid. The experimental data and the results of theoretical calculations are in good agreement, which confirms the adequacy of the developed ideas about the actual physicochemical essence of the studied processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we study the liquid–liquid phase equilibrium for a new extraction system with polypropylene glycol 425 (PPG 425) and sodium nitrate depending on the HCl concentration at a temperature of 298.15 K. Experimental and calculated binodal data are presented. The experimental equilibrium and calculated data of the liquid–liquid nodes are correlated. The interfacial distribution of Fe(III), Zn(II), and Cu(II) ions, contained in large quantities in electronic waste, is studied in the PPG 425–NaNO3–H2O system. The dependences of the quantitative characteristics of the extraction of Fe(III), Zn(II), and Cu(II) on the concentration of NaCl and HCl and the initial metal concentration are established. The possibility of efficient separation of Fe(III), Zn(II), and Cu(II) ions in the proposed extraction system is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (HDES) based on di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid and menthol has been proposed for the extraction of Al(III), Ni(II), and Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized deep eutectic solvent are determined as a function of temperature. The kinetics of the extraction of metal ions from hydrochloric acid solutions in an extraction system with an HDES has been studied. A comprehensive study of the extraction of metal ions with the proposed deep eutectic solvent was carried out under various conditions: the effect on the extraction of metal ions of the pH values of the aqueous phase, the ratio of the donor and acceptor of the hydrogen bond of the deep eutectic solvent, the volume ratio of the phases, and the concentration of chloride ions were described. It is shown that the proposed HDES can potentially be used to extract studied metal ions from aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A supercritical fluid extraction method is used to isolate benzoic acid, caffeine, and thiophene from liquid phases based on the water soluble polymers PEG-400 and PEG-1500. The degree of extraction of the considered compounds is constructed as a function of temperature and pressure, i.e., the parameters determining the behavior of the supercritical fluid. The degree of extraction of benzoic acid, caffeine, and thiophene within a single extraction cycle is found to be 43, 48.5, and 84%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A choline chloride–sulfosalicylic acid deep eutectic solvent (DES) is proposed for dissolving the oxides Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), Ni(III) and Mn(III). An experimental study of the influence of the dissolution time, solid : liquid mass ratio, temperature, and molar ratio of choline chloride and sulfosalicylic acid on the dissolution of metal oxides in the proposed DES has been carried out. The mechanism of dissolution of the investigated metal oxides has been established. It is shown that choline chloride–sulfosalicylic acid DES can potentially be used for the efficient leaching of metals from components of spent chemical power sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of studying the physical properties of a deep eutectic solvent based on choline chloride and sulfosalicylic acid have been presented. A phase diagram for this two-component mixture has been constructed, and the dependences of its density and refractive index on temperature have been studied for the first time. The molar refractivity of the deep eutectic solvent under study has been calculated. The possibility of using this solvent as an extractant for the recovery of metal ions in a solid–liquid system has been evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An extraction system based on polyethylene glycol 1500 and sodium sulfate for extracting lactic acid from aqueous solutions is proposed. The influence of the extraction time, the initial concentration of lactic acid, the molecular weight of the polymer, and the content of the polymer and sodium sulfate in the system on the extraction of lactic acid is investigated. Based on the experimental data, the possibility of isolating lactic acid from fermentation solutions using the proposed environmentally friendly extraction system is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An environmentally friendly aqueous two-phase system based on polyethylene glycol and sodium sulfate has been proposed for the extraction of caffeine and coumarin. The kinetic dependence of distribution coefficients for caffeine and coumarin in the system under investigation has been obtained. The dependences of the quantitative characteristics of caffeine and coumarin extraction on the acidity of the medium, the concentrations of the polymer and phase-forming salt, temperature, and the molecular weight of the polymer have been found. The results of this study can be used in the development of effective chemical processes that meet green chemistry requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An aqueous two-phase system based on polyethylene glycol-1500 and sodium sulfate for the extraction of a number of monocarboxylic acids from aqueous solutions has been studied. The influence of the phase contact time, system composition, the molecular weight of the polymer, and temperature on the quantitative characteristics of the interphase distribution of a number of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids has been investigated. Based on the results, it is concluded that these systems are effective for solving problems of the extraction, separation, and purification of carboxylic acids and they are promising as extraction systems for the extraction of metal salts in the presence of carboxylic acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of experimental investigation of the interphase distribution of iron(III) in an environmentally friendly aqueous two-phase system based on polypropylene glycol with a molecular weight of 425 and sodium chloride have been presented. The mechanism of extraction has been determined, and the quantitative characteristics of the extraction of iron(III) using the system under study have been found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The non-linear equation of the radial oscillations of a liquid ball in an immiscible liquid under the exposure of time-varying sound pressure was obtained. The behavioral features of a liquid spherical drop placed in such a media were analyzed in the presence of ultrasound irradiations. The slowing-down effect of the extracted metal ions under its exposure has been studied for the first time, using theoretical and experimental approaches. This phenomenon mechanism was revealed, and analytical equations for the mass transfer rate as a function of the sound pressure oscillations amplitude and the substrate ultrasonic treatment time are presented. Experimental studies of Fe 3+ ions extracted from chloride and nitrate solutions in systems based on water-soluble polymers were carried out, and a convincing coincidence with the results of theoretical calculations was established. The conditions for achieving the desired extraction efficiency when applying the ultrasonic stimulating effect are specified. The derived result opens the complementary possibility in operations, with the separateness of extraction processes, that which has the essential practical importance.