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La ricerca riguarda la caratterizzazione bioclimatica di un territorio orograficamente complesso, realizzata in base al comportamento fenologico della flora spontanea. Viene presentato un esempio relativo al territorio bolognese, basato sul confronto tra mappe fenologiche realizzate mediante un modello feno-topografico e mappe climatiche costrite in base al modello delle sommatorie termiche.

Considerable effort has been expended in studies on a large-scale and general circulation modeling to assess climatic risk. However, downscaling to the local level to assess climate risk for agricultural areas and crops has proven difficult. In addition, there have been few attempts to account for inter-annual climate variability. To overcome these deficiencies, a project to incorporate year-to-year climate variability with land evaluation was conducted. Land evaluation provides qualitative information about land, such as its cropping potential or land vulnerability risk, based on bio-physical and socio-economic characteristics. In general, land qualities derived from measurements of dynamic variables (e.g. climate data) are converted to static variables (means) for the purposes of land evaluation. This study presents an application of land evaluation for estimating the climate risk for agriculture at local scales. Observed and future climate variability data were combined with geographic and soil information from Sardinia and Emilia-Romagna, Italy, using a Land Capability for Agriculture (LCA) classification system, which classifies agricultural land into a range of quality and potential productivity. The climatic variability LCA classification was based on maximum soil moisture deficit and heat accumulation. A climatic risk index was developed analyzing the inter-annual variability of maximum soil moisture deficit for the period 1961-2000 and the results were compared with climatic risk index values calculated for the period 2005-2099 from two different emission scenarios. Potential effects of future climate change on wheat and tomato productivity were also determined using a crop simulation model. The results showed that LCA classification is sensitive to weather variability and that the determination of actual and future climatic risk for agriculture requires climatic variability to be included into land evaluation models. In addition, the analysis showed that future temperature and rainfall regimes could cause an increase in climatic risk greatly affecting potential productivity of crops.

This paper describes a topoclimatic analysis that was carried out during the first year of the DIsGELO project. A climatological study and an orographical analysis were carried out, in order to identify frost-prone areas in Emilia-Romagna region (Italy). The former was used to identify and characterise the frost events in the period March-April 1987-2000 for 161 meteorological stations. A synthetic frost risk index, taking into account both temperatures and phenological conditions (expressed by decade number) was devised. For every station we computed both the synthetic frost risk index and the mean minimum temperature. The analysis of the DEM (Digital Elevation Model) provided some orographical variables: slope, aspect, absolute and relative altitude above valley bottom, valley width, closeness to the sea, and new variables specifically devised to evaluate surface roughness in the plain areas. Maps were then created for every variable and values were obtained for every station by means of a GIS (Geographic Information System). The study area was divided into two domains, the hill zone and the plain, and for each the correlation between the climatological and orographical variables was computed and geostatistical techniques were applied to create temperature and frost risk climatological maps. For the hills of Emilia-Romagna, a significant correlation was found between the mean minimum temperature during frost events and two orographical factors: the relative altitude above the valley bottom and the closeness to the sea. For the plain no significant correlation was found up to now, probably due to the insufficient detail in the data, so some arbitrary coefficients, based on former practical experience, were added in order to take into account two other orographical factors describing the presence of hollows and knolls. An exponential relationship between the mean minimum temperature and the synthetic frost index was then used to obtain a preliminary frost risk map.

Si presentano i risultati del progetto regionale per lo studio delle gelate tardive

Intermittent irrigation proved to be very good both for plant protection and for a better water use (greater irrigated area, lower risk of oxygen deficiency in the root zone). The goal of this research is to investigate about the efficiency of different sprinkler types and water volumes in enhancing air temperature in the canopy layer and to optimise the amount and the cycling of the water applied. This knowledge is important for the improvement of this new technique, firstly proposed in Italy in 1992 by Ferri et al. This paper reports some results obtained from a three-years long experiment designed at this scope.

A study was conducted on the effects of different mulching materials on Tuber uncinatum (the Burgundy truffle) ectomycorrhizas in a 6‐year‐old experimental truffiere. The mulching materials were wheat straw, an aluminised cloth, a black mulching cloth, and a sub‐watering cloth. Three years after the start of the experiment the mulches significantly influenced the degree of ectomycorrhizal colonisation in the upper 0–15 cm of soil. The sub‐watering cloth stimulated T. uncinatum colonisation and depressed the development of the contaminant ectomycorrhizal fungi that were promoted by the black mulch. Both straw and the black mulch depressed T. uncinatum infection. The mulches appear to have had their effects on ectomycorrhizal colonisation via their impact on soil temperature and moisture.

This paper describes a topoclimatic analysis that was carried out during the first year of the DIsGELO project. A climatological study and an orographical analysis were carried out, in order to identify frost-prone areas in Emilia-Romagna region (Italy). The former was used to identify and characterise the frost events in the period March–April 1987–2000 for 161 meteorological stations. A synthetic frost risk index, taking into account both temperatures and phenological conditions (expressed by decade number) was devised. For every station we computed both the synthetic frost risk index and the mean minimum temperature. The analysis of the digital elevation model provided some orographical variables: slope, aspect, absolute and relative altitude above valley bottom, valley width, closeness to the sea, and new variables specifically devised to evaluate surface roughness in the plain areas. Maps were then created for every variable and values were obtained for every station by means of a geographic information system. The study area was divided into two domains, the hill zone and the plain, and for each the correlation between the climatological and orographical variables was computed and geostatistical techniques were applied to create some temperature and frost risk climatological maps. For the hills of Emilia-Romagna, a significant correlation was found between the mean minimum temperature during frost events and two orographical factors: the relative altitude above the valley bottom and the closeness to the sea. For the plain no significant correlation was found up to now, probably due to the insufficient detail in the data, so some arbitrary coefficients, based on former practical experience, were added in order to take into account two other orographical factors describing the presence of hollows and knolls. An exponential relationship between the mean minimum temperature and the synthetic frost index was then used to obtain a preliminary frost risk map.