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2. Documentation of Surface Fault Rupture and Ground-Deformation Features Produced by the 4 and 5 July 2019 Mw 6.4 and Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence

Author

Ponti, Daniel J, Blair, James Luke, Rosa, Carla M, Thomas, Kate, Pickering, Alexandra J, Akciz, Sinan, Angster, Stephen, Avouac, Jean-Philipe, Bachhuber, Jeffrey, Bacon, Steven, Barth, Nicolas, Bennett, Scott, Blake, Kelly, Bork, Stephan, Brooks, Benjamin, Bullard, Thomas, Burgess, Paul, Chupik, Colin, Dawson, Timothy, DeFrisco, Michael, Delano, Jaime, DeLong, Stephen, Dolan, James, Donnellan, Andrea, DuRoss, Christopher, Ericksen, Todd, Frost, Erik, Funning, Gareth, Gold, Ryan, Graehl, Nicholas, Gutierrez, Carlos, Haddon, Elizabeth, Hatem, Alexandra, Helms, John, Hernandez, Janis, Hitchcock, Christopher, Holland, Peter, Hudnut, Kenneth, Kendrick, Katherine, Koehler, Richard, Kozaci, Ozgur, Ladinsky, Tyler, Leeper, Robert, Madugo, Christopher, Mareschal, Maxime, McDonald, James, McPhillips, Devin, Milliner, Christopher, Mongovin, Daniel, Morelan, Alexander, Nale, Stephanie, Nevitt, Johanna, O’Neal, Matt, Olson, Brian, Oskin, Michael, Padilla, Salena, Patton, Jason, Philibosian, Belle, Pierce, Ian, Pridmore, Cynthia, Roth, Nathaniel, Sandwell, David, Scharer, Katherine, Seitz, Gordon, Singleton, Drake, Smith-Konter, Bridget, Spangler, Eleanor, Swanson, Brian, Jobe, Jessica Thompson, Treiman, Jerome, Valencia, Francesca, Vanderwal, Joshua, Williams, Alana, Xu, Xiaohua, Zachariasen, Judith, Zimmerman, Jade, and Zinke, Robert

Subjects
Geophysics, Geochemistry & Geophysics
Abstract

The Mw 6.4 and Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence occurred on 4 and 5 July 2019 within the eastern California shear zone of southern California. Both events produced extensive surface faulting and ground deformation within Indian Wells Valley and Searles Valley. In the weeks following the earthquakes, more than six dozen scientists from government, academia, and the private sector carefully documented the surface faulting and ground-deformation features. As of December 2019, we have compiled a total of more than 6000 ground observations; approximately 1500 of these simply note the presence or absence of fault rupture or ground failure, but the remainder include detailed descriptions and other documentation, including tens of thousands of photographs. More than 1100 of these observations also include quantitative field measurements of displacement sense and magnitude. These field observations were supplemented bymapping of fault rupture and ground-deformation features directly in the field as well as by interpreting the location and extent of surface faulting and ground deformation from optical imagery and geodetic image products. We identified greater than 68 km of fault rupture produced by both earthquakes aswell as numerous sites of ground deformation resulting from liquefaction or slope failure. These observations comprise a dataset that is fundamental to understanding the processes that controlled this earthquake sequence and for improving earthquake hazard estimates in the region. This article documents the types of data collected during postearthquake field investigations, the compilation effort, and the digital data products resulting from these efforts.

Published
2020

6. Snow water equivalent retrieval over Idaho – Part 1: Using Sentinel-1 repeat-pass interferometry.

Author

Oveisgharan, Shadi, Zinke, Robert, Hoppinen, Zachary, and Marshall, Hans Peter

Subjects
*MICROWAVE remote sensing, *SYNTHETIC aperture radar, *RADAR interferometry, *PEARSON correlation (Statistics), *INTERFEROMETRY, *SNOW accumulation
Abstract

Snow water equivalent (SWE) is identified as the key element of the snowpack that impacts rivers' streamflow and water cycle. Both active and passive microwave remote sensing methods have been used to retrieve SWE, but there does not currently exist a SWE product that provides useful estimates in mountainous terrain. Active sensors provide higher-resolution observations, but the suitable radar frequencies and temporal repeat intervals have not been available until recently. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) has been shown to have the potential to estimate SWE change. In this study, we apply this technique to a long time series of 6 d temporal repeat Sentinel-1 C-band data from the 2020–2021 winter. The retrievals show statistically significant correlations both temporally and spatially with independent in situ measurements of SWE. The SWE change measurements vary between - 5.3 and 9.4 cm over the entire time series and all the in situ stations. The Pearson correlation and RMSE between retrieved SWE change observations and in situ stations measurements are 0.8 and 0.93 cm, respectively. The total retrieved SWE in the entire 2020–2021 time series shows an SWE error of less than 2 cm for the nine in situ stations in the scene. Additionally, the retrieved SWE using Sentinel-1 data is well correlated with lidar snow depth data, with correlation of more than 0.47. Low temporal coherence is identified as the main reason for degrading the performance of SWE retrieval using InSAR data. We also show that the performance of the phase unwrapping algorithm degrades in regions with low temporal coherence. A higher frequency such as L-band improves the temporal coherence and SWE ambiguity. SWE retrieval using C-band Sentinel-1 data is shown to be successful, but faster revisit is required to avoid low temporal coherence. Global SWE retrieval using radar interferometry will have a great opportunity with the upcoming L-band 12 d repeat-pass NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) data and the future 6 d repeat-pass Radar Observing System for Europe in L-band (ROSE-L) data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Snow Water Equivalent Retrieval Over Idaho, Part A: Using Sentinel-1 Repeat-Pass Interferometry

Author

Oveisgharan, Shadi, Zinke, Robert, Hoppinen, Zachary, and Marshall, Hans Peter

Abstract

Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) is identified as the key element of the snowpack that impacts rivers' streamflow and water cycle. Both active and~passive microwave remote sensing methods have been used to retrieve SWE, but there does not currently exist a SWE product that provides useful estimates in mountainous terrain. Active sensors provide higher-resolution observations, but the optimal radar frequencies and temporal repeat intervals have not been available until recently. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has been shown to have the potential to estimate SWE change. In this study, we apply this technique to a long time series of Sentinel-1 data from the 2020–2021 winter. The retrievals show statistically significant correlations both temporally and spatially with independent measurements of snow depth and SWE. The Pearson correlation and RSME between retrieved SWE change observations and in situ stations measurements are 0.82, and 0.76 cm, respectively. The total retrieved SWE in the entire 2020–2021 time series shows SWE error less than 2 cm for the 16 in situ stations in the scene. Additionally, the retrieved SWE using Sentinel-1 data is highly correlated with LIDAR snow depth data with correlation of more than 0.5. Low temporal coherence is the main reason for degrading the performance of SWE retrieval using InSAR data. Low temporal coherence also causes the degradation of phase unwrapping algorithms.

Published
2023

13. Over one million displacement products from ARIA and counting: Enabling open-science and disaster response for everyone

Author

Sangha, Simran, primary, Bato, M. Grace, additional, Arenas, Nicholas, additional, Bekaert, David, additional, Buzzanga, Brett, additional, Gens, Rudiger, additional, Govorcin, Marin, additional, Kennedy, Joseph, additional, Johnston, Andrew, additional, Havazli, Emre, additional, Hogenson, Kirk, additional, Lu, Zhong, additional, Marshak, Charlie, additional, Meyer, Franz, additional, Short, Greg, additional, Tiampo, Kristy, additional, Wang, Jiahui, additional, and Zinke, Robert, additional

Published
2023
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16. InSAR and SAR data for the Maduo earthquake

Author

Xu, Liuwei, Meng, Lingsen, Ji, Chen, Zhang, Yunjun, Fiedling, Eric, Zinke, Robert, and Bao, Han

Abstract

AT099_AZ: azimuth offsets of ascending 99,acquired byspeckle tracking AT099_IFG: InSAR of ascending 99 AT099_RG: range offsets of ascending 99, acquired byspeckle tracking DT106_AZ: azimuth offsets of descending 106,acquired byspeckle tracking DT106_IFG: InSAR of descending 106 DT106_RG: range offsets of descending 106,acquired byspeckle tracking The full-resolution data is stored in the "merge" folder under each directory. The downsampled data is named "resampled.txt".The format is: Longitude Latitude Amplitude(in cm)Vz Vn Ve Weight Weight. #(Vz, Vn, Ve) denotes the direction of Line of Sight. Two weights are identical.

Published
2022
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19. Sub-Shear Rupture on Bifurcating Faults: Kinematics and Dynamics of the 2021 M_w7.4 Maduo Earthquake in Qinghai

Author

Xu, Liuwei, Meng, Lingsen, Ji, Chen, Yunjun, Zhang, Fielding, Eric J., Zinke, Robert, Bao, Han, Xu, Liuwei, Meng, Lingsen, Ji, Chen, Yunjun, Zhang, Fielding, Eric J., Zinke, Robert, and Bao, Han

Abstract

We utilize the slowness-enhanced back projection (SEBP) and joint finite fault inversion (FFI), which combines body waves, surface waves, and 3D ground displacements to image the rupture process and slip distribution of the M_w7.4 Maduo earthquake. The results indicate a 160-km-long bilateral rupture occurring on a north-dipping fault. The WNW branch ruptures a length of ~75 km at 2.7 km/s, while the ESE branch ruptures a length of ~85 km at 3 km/s. Most slip concentrates above 10 km depth, with several major slip patches up to 5.7 m located on the east segment of the main fault and on the bifurcated branching fault. The comparison between SEBP and FFI shows the consistency between large slip pulses and high-frequency sources. We observe up to 3 m slip with large uncertainty in depth beyond 20 km, which is abnormal since it requires rupture penetrating into the ductile layers. We propose that the apparent deep slip could be an artificial compensation to match the observed moment, which indicates that the crust in the source region is more rigid than the current understanding. Or the deep creeping fault is turned into seismic ones by the strain localization and dynamic weakening. The stress analysis on the forks of the fault demonstrates that the branching behavior on the eastern fork could be well explained by the pre-stress inclination, rupture speed, and branching angle.

Published
2022

30. Holocene to latest Pleistocene incremental slip rates from the east-central Hope fault (Conway segment) at Hossack Station, Marlborough fault system, South Island, New Zealand: Towards a dated path of earthquake slip along a plate boundary fault

Author

Hatem, Alexandra E., primary, Dolan, James F., additional, Zinke, Robert W., additional, Langridge, Robert M., additional, McGuire, Christopher P., additional, Rhodes, Edward J., additional, Brown, Nathan, additional, and Van Dissen, Russell J., additional

Published
2020
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31. Surface Displacement Distributions for the July 2019 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquake Ruptures

Author

DuRoss, Christopher B., primary, Gold, Ryan D., additional, Dawson, Timothy E., additional, Scharer, Katherine M., additional, Kendrick, Katherine J., additional, Akciz, Sinan O., additional, Angster, Stephen J., additional, Bachhuber, Jeffrey, additional, Bacon, Steven, additional, Bennett, Scott E. K., additional, Blair, Luke, additional, Brooks, Benjamin A., additional, Bullard, Thomas, additional, Burgess, W. Paul, additional, Chupik, Colin, additional, DeFrisco, Michael, additional, Delano, Jaime, additional, Dolan, James F., additional, Frost, Erik, additional, Graehl, Nick, additional, Haddon, Elizabeth K., additional, Hatem, Alexandra E., additional, Hernandez, Janis L., additional, Hitchcock, Christopher, additional, Hudnut, Kenneth, additional, Thompson Jobe, Jessica, additional, Koehler, Richard, additional, Kozaci, Ozgur, additional, Ladinsky, Tyler, additional, Madugo, Christopher, additional, McPhillips, Devin S., additional, Milliner, Christopher, additional, Morelan, Alexander, additional, Olson, Brian, additional, Patton, Jason, additional, Philibosian, Belle, additional, Pickering, Alexandra J., additional, Pierce, Ian, additional, Ponti, Daniel J., additional, Seitz, Gordon, additional, Spangler, Eleanor, additional, Swanson, Brian, additional, Thomas, Kate, additional, Treiman, Jerome, additional, Valencia, Francesca, additional, Williams, Alana, additional, and Zinke, Robert, additional

Published
2020
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36. Technology as a topic for moral deliberation

Author

Zinke, Robert C.

Subjects
Technology and state -- Ethical aspects, Universities and colleges -- Ethical aspects, Government, Political science
Abstract

There are tremendous barriers in reconciling the values of science and technology in academic institutions with the traditional ideals of constitutionalism and democracy. Social and moral tensions abound in the relationship between these two. When technology promotes ethical good, the dichotomy between the values of the academe and that of the public sector is not pronounced. However, there are many instances wherein this dichotomy becomes glaring.

Published
1998

41. How radiometric anomalies relate to Colorado, Montana oil fields

Author

Zinke, Robert and Morse, Jerome G.

Subjects
Oil and gas exploration -- Research, Radioactivation analysis -- Usage, Petroleum industry -- Research, Gas industry -- Research, Business, Petroleum, energy and mining industries
Abstract

A study of National Uranium Resource Exploration program data acquired at three oil fields, Bell Creek in Montana and Wilson Creek and Sorrento-Rhoades-Sianna in Colorado, has reconfirmed that radiometric measurements can identify and qualitatively characterize hydrocarbon anomalies. The degree of correspondence between radiometric data and the three oilfields is demonstrated., Hydrocarbon anomalies, as many reported, can be qualitatively and directly identified from radiometric measurements. Further evidence is seen in the results of processing and contouring NURE airborne data acquired at [...]

Published
1996

42. The rhetorical way of knowing and public administration

Author

Green, Richard T. and Zinke, Robert C.

Subjects
Public administration -- Methods, Rhetoric -- Beliefs, opinions and attitudes -- Methods, Business, general, Business, Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Methods
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: RHETORIC AND GOVERNANCE At various points in history, rhetoric has been viewed either suspiciously as communicative trickery, or merely as matters of ornament, style, and delivery in speech and [...]

Published
1993

44. Surface Rupture of Multiple Crustal Faults in the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura, New Zealand, Earthquake

Author

Litchfield, Nicola J., primary, Villamor, Pilar, additional, Dissen, Russ J. Van, additional, Nicol, Andrew, additional, Barnes, Philip M., additional, A. Barrell, David J., additional, Pettinga, Jarg R., additional, Langridge, Robert M., additional, Little, Timothy A., additional, Mountjoy, Joshu J., additional, Ries, William F., additional, Rowland, Julie, additional, Fenton, Clark, additional, Stirling, Mark W., additional, Kearse, Jesse, additional, Berryman, Kelvin R., additional, Cochran, Ursula A., additional, Clark, Kate J., additional, Hemphill‐Haley, Mark, additional, Khajavi, Narges, additional, Jones, Katie E., additional, Archibald, Garth, additional, Upton, Phaedra, additional, Asher, Cameron, additional, Benson, Adrian, additional, Cox, Simon C., additional, Gasston, Caleb, additional, Hale, Dan, additional, Hall, Brendan, additional, Hatem, Alexandra E., additional, Heron, David W., additional, Howarth, Jamie, additional, Kane, Tim J., additional, Lamarche, Geoffroy, additional, Lawson, Steve, additional, Lukovic, Biljana, additional, McColl, Samuel T., additional, Madugo, Christopher, additional, Manousakis, John, additional, Noble, Duncan, additional, Pedley, Kate, additional, Sauer, Katrina, additional, Stahl, Timothy, additional, Strong, Delia T., additional, Townsend, Dougal B., additional, Toy, Virginia, additional, Williams, Jack, additional, Woelz, Suzanne, additional, and Zinke, Robert, additional

Published
2018
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49. The Mw7.8 2016 Kaikōura earthquake

Author

Stirling, Mark W., primary, Litchfield, N. J., additional, Villamor, Pilar, additional, Van Dissen, Russ J., additional, Nicol, Andy, additional, Pettinga, Jarg, additional, Barnes, Philip, additional, Langridge, Robert M., additional, Little, Tim, additional, Barrell, David, additional, Mountjoy, Joshu, additional, Ries, W. F., additional, Rowland, Julie V., additional, Fenton, C., additional, Hamling, Ian, additional, Asher, C., additional, Barrier, Andrea, additional, Benson, Adrian, additional, Bischoff, Alan, additional, Borella, Josh, additional, Carne, R., additional, Cochran, Ursula, additional, Cockcroft, Matt, additional, Cox, Simon, additional, Duke, Grace, additional, Fenton, F., additional, Gasston, C., additional, Grimshaw, Chris, additional, Hale, D., additional, Hall, Brendan S., additional, Hao, Ken X., additional, Hatem, Alex, additional, Hemphill-Haley, Mark, additional, Heron, David, additional, Howarth, J., additional, Juniper, Z., additional, Kane, Tim, additional, Kearse, J., additional, Khajavi, Narges, additional, Lamarche, Geoffroy, additional, Lawson, S., additional, Lukovic, Biljana, additional, Madugo, C., additional, Manousakis, I., additional, McColl, Sam, additional, Noble, D., additional, Pedley, Kate, additional, Sauer, K., additional, Stahl, T., additional, Strong, Delia, additional, Townsend, Dougal, additional, Toy, Virginia, additional, Villeneuve, Marlene, additional, Wandres, A., additional, Williams, J., additional, Woelz, Susanne, additional, and Zinke, Robert, additional

Published
2017
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