34,349 results on '"Zink, A"'
Search Results
2. The Political Arrays of American Indian Literary History by James H. Cox (review)
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Zink, Amanda J.
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- 2022
3. Dark Matter Interactions in White Dwarfs: A Multi-Energy Approach to Capture Mechanisms
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Zink, Jaime Hoefken, Hor, Shihwen, and Ramirez-Quezada, Maura E.
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High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
White dwarfs offer a compelling avenue for probing interactions of dark matter particles, particularly in the challenging sub-GeV mass regime. The constraints derived from these celestial objects strongly depend on the existence of high dark matter densities in the corresponding regions of the Universe, where white dwarfs are observed. This implies that excluding the parameter space using local white dwarfs would present a significant challenge, primarily due to the low dark matter density in the solar neighbourhood. This limitation prompts the exploration of alternative scenarios involving dark matter particles with a diverse spectrum of kinetic energies. In this work, we investigate how these dark matter particles traverse the star, interact with stellar matter, and ultimately get captured. To accomplish this, we approximate the dark matter flux as a delta function and inspired on the Three Portal Model, we assume that fermionic dark matter interacts with stellar matter either through a broken $U(1)$ gauge vector mediator or a scalar. In our computations, we consider how interactions might vary across different energy regimes, from high-energy deep inelastic scattering and inelastic scatterings via the production of $N-$ and $\Delta-$ resonances to lower-energy elastic interactions with nucleons and nuclei. Our study models these inelastic resonant interactions with dark matter and vector or scalar mediators for the very first time. We provide insights into the specific conditions required for successfully boosted dark matter capture in white dwarfs. We found that, in general, dark matter capture is most likely to occur at low energies, as expected. However, in the high-energy regime, there remains a small window for capture through resonant and deep inelastic scattering processes., Comment: 23 pages, 7 figures
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- 2024
4. Predictive Speech Recognition and End-of-Utterance Detection Towards Spoken Dialog Systems
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Zink, Oswald, Higuchi, Yosuke, Mullov, Carlos, Waibel, Alexander, and Kobayashi, Tetsunori
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing ,Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Sound - Abstract
Effective spoken dialog systems should facilitate natural interactions with quick and rhythmic timing, mirroring human communication patterns. To reduce response times, previous efforts have focused on minimizing the latency in automatic speech recognition (ASR) to optimize system efficiency. However, this approach requires waiting for ASR to complete processing until a speaker has finished speaking, which limits the time available for natural language processing (NLP) to formulate accurate responses. As humans, we continuously anticipate and prepare responses even while the other party is still speaking. This allows us to respond appropriately without missing the optimal time to speak. In this work, as a pioneering study toward a conversational system that simulates such human anticipatory behavior, we aim to realize a function that can predict the forthcoming words and estimate the time remaining until the end of an utterance (EOU), using the middle portion of an utterance. To achieve this, we propose a training strategy for an encoder-decoder-based ASR system, which involves masking future segments of an utterance and prompting the decoder to predict the words in the masked audio. Additionally, we develop a cross-attention-based algorithm that incorporates both acoustic and linguistic information to accurately detect the EOU. The experimental results demonstrate the proposed model's ability to predict upcoming words and estimate future EOU events up to 300ms prior to the actual EOU. Moreover, the proposed training strategy exhibits general improvements in ASR performance., Comment: Submitted to ICASSP2025
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- 2024
5. The Compositions of Rocky Planets in Close-in Orbits Tend to be Earth-Like
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Brinkman, Casey L., Weiss, Lauren M., Huber, Daniel, Lee, Rena A., Kolecki, Jared, Tenn, Gwyneth, Zhang, Jingwen, Narayanan, Suchitra, Polanski, Alex S., Dai, Fei, Bean, Jacob L., Beard, Corey, Brady, Madison, Brodheim, Max, Brown, Matt, Deich, William, Edelstein, Jerry, Fulton, Benjamin J., Giacalone, Steven, Gibson, Steven R., Gilbert, Gregory J., Halverson, Samuel, Handley, Luke, Hill, Grant M., Holcomb, Rae, Holden, Bradford, Householder, Aaron, Howard, Andrew W., Isaacson, Howard, Kaye, Stephen, Laher, Russ R., Lanclos, Kyle, Ong, J. M. Joel, Payne, Joel, Petigura, Eric A., Pidhorodetska, Daria, Poppett, Claire, Roy, Arpita, Rubenzahl, Ryan, Saunders, Nicholas, Schwab, Christian, Seifahrt, Andreas, Shaum, Abby P., Sirk, Martin M., Smith, Chris, Smith, Roger, Stefánsson, Guðmundur, Stürmer, Julian, Thorne, Jim, Turtelboom, Emma V., Tyler, Dakotah, Valliant, John, Van Zandt, Judah, Walawender, Josh, Yee, Samuel W., Yeh, Sherry, and Zink, Jon
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
Hundreds of exoplanets between 1-1.8 times the size of the Earth have been discovered on close in orbits. However, these planets show such a diversity in densities that some appear to be made entirely of iron, while others appear to host gaseous envelopes. To test this diversity in composition, we update the masses of 5 rocky exoplanets (HD 93963 A b, Kepler-10 b, Kepler-100 b, Kepler-407 b, and TOI-1444 b) and present the confirmation of a new planet (TOI-1011) using 187 high precision RVs from Gemini/MAROON-X and Keck/KPF. Our updated planet masses suggest compositions closer to that of the Earth than previous literature values for all planets in our sample. In particular, we report that two previously identified ``super-Mercuries'' (Kepler-100 b and HD 93963 A b) have lower masses that suggest less iron-rich compositions. We then compare the ratio of iron to rock-building species to the abundance ratios of those elements in their host stars. These updated planet compositions do not suggest a steep relationship between planet and host star compositions, contradictory to previous results, and suggest that planets and host stars have similar abundance ratios., Comment: Submitted to AJ 09/30/2024
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- 2024
6. Extracting TCPIP Headers at High Speed for the Anonymized Network Traffic Graph Challenge
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Han, Zhaoyang, Briasco-Stewart, Andrew, Zink, Michael, and Leeser, Miriam
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Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture ,Computer Science - Hardware Architecture - Abstract
Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) play a significant role in computationally intensive network processing due to their flexibility and efficiency. Particularly with the high-level abstraction of the P4 network programming model, FPGA shows a powerful potential for packet processing. By supporting the P4 language with FPGA processing, network researchers can create customized FPGA-based network functions and execute network tasks on accelerators directly connected to the network. A feature of the P4 language is that it is stateless; however, the FPGA implementation in this research requires state information. This is accomplished using P4 externs to describe the stateful portions of the design and to implement them on the FPGA using High-Level Synthesis (HLS). This paper demonstrates using an FPGA-based SmartNIC to efficiently extract source-destination IP address information from network packets and construct anonymized network traffic matrices for further analysis. The implementation is the first example of the combination of using P4 and HLS in developing network functions on the latest AMD FPGAs. Our design achieves a processing rate of approximately 95 Gbps with the combined use of P4 and High-level Synthesis and is able to keep up with 100 Gbps traffic received directly from the network.
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- 2024
7. CTC and CT5TEA: an advanced multi-channel digitizer and trigger ASIC for imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes
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Schwab, Benjamin, Zink, Adrian, Depaoli, Davide, Hinton, Jim, Liu, Gang, Okumura, Akira, Ross, Duncan, Schäfer, Johannes, Schoorlemmer, Harm, Tajima, Hiro, Vandenbroucke, Justin, White, Richard, Watson, Jason John, Zorn, Justus, and Funk, Stefan
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Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
We have developed a new set of Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) of the TARGET family (CTC and CT5TEA), designed for the readout of signals from photosensors in cameras of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) for ground-based gamma-ray astronomy. We present the performance and design details. Both ASICs feature 16 channels, with CTC being a Switched-Capacitor Array (SCA) sampler at 0.5 to 1 GSa/s with a 16,384 sample deep storage buffer, including the functionality to digitize full waveforms at arbitrary times. CT5TEA is its companion trigger ASIC (though may be used on its own), which provides trigger information for the analog sum of four (and 16) adjacent channels. Since sampling and triggering takes place in two separate ASICs, the noise due to interference from the SCA is suppressed, and allows a minimal trigger threshold of $\leq$ 2.5 mV (0.74 photo electrons (p.e.)) with a trigger noise of $\leq$ 0.5 mV (0.15 p.e.). For CTC, a maximal input voltage range from $-$0.5 V up to 1.7 V is achieved with an effective bit range of $>$ 11.6 bits and a baseline noise of 0.7 mV. The cross-talk improved to $\leq$ 1% over the whole $-$3 dB bandwidth of 220 MHz and even down to 0.2% for 1.5 V pulses of 10 ns width. Not only is the performance presented, but a temperature-stable calibration routine for pulse mode operation is introduced and validated. The resolution is found to be $\sim$ 2.5% at 33.7 mV (10 p.e.) and $\leq$ 0.3% at 337 mV (100 p.e.) with an integrated non-linearity of $<$ 1.6 mV. Developed for the Small-Sized Telescope (SST) and Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope (SCT) cameras of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO), CTC and CT5TEA are deployed for both prototypes and shall be integrated into the final versions., Comment: 18 pages, 26 figures, 1 table
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- 2024
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8. Race adjustments in clinical algorithms can help correct for racial disparities in data quality.
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Zink, Anna, Obermeyer, Ziad, and Pierson, Emma
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clinical algorithms ,colorectal cancer ,family history ,race adjustments ,Humans ,Algorithms ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,Male ,Female ,Middle Aged ,Data Accuracy ,White People ,Black or African American ,Risk Factors ,Aged ,Adult ,Cohort Studies ,Racial Groups ,Risk Assessment - Abstract
Despite ethical and historical arguments for removing race from clinical algorithms, the consequences of removal remain unclear. Here, we highlight a largely undiscussed consideration in this debate: varying data quality of input features across race groups. For example, family history of cancer is an essential predictor in cancer risk prediction algorithms but is less reliably documented for Black participants and may therefore be less predictive of cancer outcomes. Using data from the Southern Community Cohort Study, we assessed whether race adjustments could allow risk prediction models to capture varying data quality by race, focusing on colorectal cancer risk prediction. We analyzed 77,836 adults with no history of colorectal cancer at baseline. The predictive value of self-reported family history was greater for White participants than for Black participants. We compared two cancer risk prediction algorithms-a race-blind algorithm which included standard colorectal cancer risk factors but not race, and a race-adjusted algorithm which additionally included race. Relative to the race-blind algorithm, the race-adjusted algorithm improved predictive performance, as measured by goodness of fit in a likelihood ratio test (P-value:
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- 2024
9. An Earth-sized Planet on the Verge of Tidal Disruption
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Dai, Fei, Howard, Andrew W., Halverson, Samuel, Orell-Miquel, Jaume, Palle, Enric, Isaacson, Howard, Fulton, Benjamin, Price, Ellen M., Plotnykov, Mykhaylo, Rogers, Leslie A., Valencia, Diana, Paragas, Kimberly, Greklek-McKeon, Michael, Barrientos, Jonathan Gomez, Knutson, Heather A., Petigura, Erik A., Weiss, Lauren M., Lee, Rena, Brinkman, Casey L., Huber, Daniel, Steffansson, Gudmundur, Masuda, Kento, Giacalone, Steven, Lu, Cicero X., Kite, Edwin S., Hu, Renyu, Gaidos, Eric, Zhang, Michael, Rubenzahl, Ryan A., Winn, Joshua N., Han, Te, Beard, Corey, Holcomb, Rae, Householder, Aaron, Gilbert, Gregory J., Lubin, Jack, Ong, J. M. Joel, Polanski, Alex S., Saunders, Nicholas, Van Zandt, Judah, Yee, Samuel W., Zhang, Jingwen, Zink, Jon, Holden, Bradford, Baker, Ashley, Brodheim, Max, Crossfield, Ian J. M., Deich, William, Edelstein, Jerry, Gibson, Steven R., Hill, Grant M., Jelinsky, Sharon R, Kassis, Marc, Laher, Russ R., Lanclos, Kyle, Lilley, Scott, Payne, Joel N., Rider, Kodi, Robertson, Paul, Roy, Arpita, Schwab, Christian, Shaum, Abby P., Sirk, Martin M., Smith, Chris, Vandenberg, Adam, Walawender, Josh, Wang, Sharon X., Shin-Ywan, Wang, Wishnow, Edward, Wright, Jason T., Yeh, Sherry, Caballero, Jos. A., Morales, Juan C., Murgas, Felipe, Nagel, Evangelos, Reiners, Ansgar, Schweitzer, Andreas, Tabernero, Hugo M., Zechmeister, Mathias, Spencer, Alton, Ciardi, David R., Clark, Catherine A., Lund, Michael B., Caldwell, Douglas A., Collins, Karen A., Schwarz, Richard P., Barkaoui, Khalid, Watkins, Cristilyn N., Shporer, Avi, Narita, Norio, Fukui, Akihiko, Srdoc, Gregor, Latham, David W., Jenkins, Jon M., Ricker, George R., Seager, Sara, and Vanderspek, Roland
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
TOI-6255~b (GJ 4256) is an Earth-sized planet (1.079$\pm0.065$ $R_\oplus$) with an orbital period of only 5.7 hours. With the newly commissioned Keck Planet Finder (KPF) and CARMENES spectrographs, we determined the planet's mass to be 1.44$\pm$0.14 $M_{\oplus}$. The planet is just outside the Roche limit, with $P_{\rm orb}/P_{\rm Roche}$ = 1.13 $\pm0.10$. The strong tidal force likely deforms the planet into a triaxial ellipsoid with a long axis that is $\sim$10\% longer than the short axis. Assuming a reduced stellar tidal quality factor $Q_\star^\prime \approx10^7$, we predict that tidal orbital decay will cause TOI-6255 to reach the Roche limit in roughly 400 Myr. Such tidal disruptions may produce the possible signatures of planet engulfment that have been on stars with anomalously high refractory elemental abundances compared to its conatal binary companion. TOI-6255 b is also a favorable target for searching for star-planet magnetic interactions, which might cause interior melting and hasten orbital decay. TOI-6255 b is a top target (Emission Spectroscopy Metric of about 24) for phase curve observations with the James Webb Space Telescope., Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables, accepted to AAS Journals. The first RV mass measurement from the Keck Planet Finder
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- 2024
10. The First Evidence of a Host Star Metallicity Cut-off In The Formation of Super-Earth Planets
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Boley, Kiersten M., Christiansen, Jessie L., Zink, Jon, Hardegree-Ullman, Kevin, Lee, Eve J., Hopkins, Philip F., Wang, Ji, Fernandes, Rachel B., Bergsten, Galen J., and Bhure, Sakhee
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
Planet formation is expected to be severely limited in disks of low metallicity, owing to both the small solid mass reservoir and the low opacity accelerating the disk gas dissipation. While previous studies have found a weak correlation between the occurrence rates of small planets ($\leq$4R$_\oplus$) and stellar metallicity, so far no studies have probed below the metallicity limit beyond which planet formation is predicted to be suppressed. Here, we constructed a large catalog of ~110,000 metal-poor stars observed by the TESS mission with spectroscopically-derived metallicities, and systematically probed planet formation within the metal-poor regime ([Fe/H] $\leq$ -0.5) for the first time. Extrapolating known higher-metallicity trends for small, short-period planets predicts the discovery of ~68 superEarths around these stars (~85,000 stars) after accounting for survey completeness; however, we detect none. As a result, we have placed the most stringent upper limit on super-Earth occurrence rates around metal-poor stars (-0.75 < [Fe/H] $\leq$ -0.5) to date, $\leq$ 1.67%, a statistically significant (p-value=0.000685) deviation from the prediction of metallicity trends derived with Kepler and K2. We find a clear host star metallicity cliff for super-Earths that could indicate the threshold below which planets are unable to grow beyond an Earth-mass at short orbital periods. This finding provides a crucial input to planet formation theories, and has implications for the small planet inventory of the Galaxy and the galactic epoch at which the formation of small planets started., Comment: Accepted to AJ
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- 2024
11. A Real-World Rheumatology Registry and Research Consortium: The German RheumaDatenRhePort (RHADAR) Registry
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Kleinert, Stefan, Bartz-Bazzanella, Peter, von der Decken, Cay, Knitza, Johannes, Witte, Torsten, Fekete, Sándor P, Konitzny, Matthias, Zink, Alexander, Gauler, Georg, Wurth, Patrick, Aries, Peer, Karberg, Kirsten, Kuhn, Christoph, Schuch, Florian, Späthling-Mestekemper, Susanna, Vorbrüggen, Wolfgang, Englbrecht, Matthias, and Welcker, Martin
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Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Real-world data are crucial to continuously improve the management of patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). The German RheumaDatenRhePort (RHADAR) registry encompasses a network of rheumatologists and researchers in Germany providing pseudonymized real-world patient data and allowing timely and continuous improvement in the care of RMD patients. The RHADAR modules allow automated anamnesis and adaptive coordination of appointments regarding individual urgency levels. Further modules focus on the collection and integration of electronic patient-reported outcomes in between consultations. The digital RHADAR modules ultimately allow a patient-centered adaptive approach to integrated medical care starting as early as possible in the disease course. Such a closed-loop system consisting of various modules along the whole patient pathway enables comprehensive and timely patient management in an unprecedented manner.
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- 2021
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12. How to rule out $(g-2)_\mu$ in $U(1)_{L_\mu-L_\tau}$ with White Dwarf Cooling
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Foldenauer, Patrick and Zink, Jaime Hoefken
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High Energy Physics - Phenomenology - Abstract
In recent years, the gauge group $U(1)_{L_\mu-L_\tau}$ has received a lot of attention since it can, in principle, account for the observed excess in the anomalous muon magnetic moment $(g-2)_\mu$, as well as the Hubble tension. Due to unavoidable, loop-induced kinetic mixing with the SM photon and $Z$, the $U(1)_{L_\mu-L_\tau}$ gauge boson $A'$ can contribute to stellar cooling via decays into neutrinos. In this work, we perform for the first time an \textit{ab initio} computation of the neutrino emissivities of white dwarf stars due to plasmon decay in a model of gauged $U(1)_{L_\mu-L_\tau}$. A key result is that current observations of the early-stage white dwarf neutrino luminosity at the 30\% level exclude previously allowed regions of the parameter space favoured by a simultaneous explanation of the $(g-2)_\mu$ and $H_0$ anomalies. In this work, we present the relevant white dwarf cooling limits over the entire $A'$ mass range. In particular, we have performed a rigorous computation of the luminosities in the resonant regime, where the $A'$ mass is comparable to the white dwarf plasma frequencies., Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, 2 data files; v2: improved discussion of the cooling limit, matches journal version to appear in JHEP
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- 2024
13. Solar flare observations with the Radio Neutrino Observatory Greenland (RNO-G)
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Agarwal, S., Aguilar, J. A., Ali, S., Allison, P., Betts, M., Besson, D., Bishop, A., Botner, O., Bouma, S., Buitink, S., Cataldo, M., Clark, B. A., Coleman, A., Couberly, K., de Kockere, S., de Vries, K. D., Deaconu, C., DuVernois, M. A., Glaser, C., Glüsenkamp, T., Hallgren, A., Hallmann, S., Hanson, J. C., Hendricks, B., Henrichs, J., Heyer, N., Hornhuber, C., Hughes, K., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kelley, J. L., Korntheuer, M., Kowalski, M., Kravchenko, I., Krebs, R., Lahmann, R., Latif, U., Laub, P., Liu, C. -H., Marsee, M. J., Meyers, Z. S., Mikhailova, M., Monstein, C., Mulrey, K., Muzio, M., Nelles, A., Novikov, A., Nozdrina, A., Oberla, E., Oeyen, B., Punsuebsay, N., Pyras, L., Ravn, M., Ryckbosch, D., Schlüter, F., Scholten, O., Seckel, D., Seikh, M. F. H., Stoffels, J., Terveer, K., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Broeck, D. J. Van Den, van Eijndhoven, N., Vieregg, A. G., Vijai, A., Welling, C., Williams, D. R., Windischhofer, P., Wissel, S., Young, R., and Zink, A.
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
The Radio Neutrino Observatory - Greenland (RNO-G) seeks discovery of ultra-high energy neutrinos from the cosmos through their interactions in ice. The science program extends beyond particle astrophysics to include radioglaciology and, as we show herein, solar observations, as well. Currently seven of 35 planned radio-receiver stations (24 antennas/station) are operational. These stations are sensitive to impulsive radio signals with frequencies between 80 and 700 MHz and feature a neutrino trigger threshold for recording data close to the thermal floor. RNO-G can also trigger on elevated signals from the Sun, resulting in nanosecond resolution time-domain flare data; such temporal resolution is significantly shorter than from most dedicated solar observatories. In addition to possible RNO-G solar flare polarization measurements, the Sun also represents an extremely useful above-surface calibration source. Using RNO-G data recorded during the summers of 2022 and 2023, we find signal excesses during solar flares reported by the solar-observing Callisto network and also in coincidence with $\sim$2/3 of the brightest excesses recorded by the SWAVES satellite. These observed flares are characterized by significant time-domain impulsivity. Using the known position of the Sun, the flare sample is used to calibrate the RNO-G absolute pointing on the radio signal arrival direction to sub-degree resolution. We thus establish the Sun as a regularly observed astronomical calibration source to provide the accurate absolute pointing required for neutrino astronomy.
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- 2024
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14. Constrained and Ordered Level Planarity Parameterized by the Number of Levels
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Blažej, Václav, Klemz, Boris, Klesen, Felix, Sieper, Marie Diana, Wolff, Alexander, and Zink, Johannes
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Computer Science - Computational Geometry - Abstract
The problem Level Planarity asks for a crossing-free drawing of a graph in the plane such that vertices are placed at prescribed y-coordinates (called levels) and such that every edge is realized as a y-monotone curve. In the variant Constrained Level Planarity (CLP), each level $y$ is equipped with a partial order $\prec_y$ on its vertices and in the desired drawing the left-to-right order of vertices on level $y$ has to be a linear extension of $\prec_y$. Ordered Level Planarity (OLP) corresponds to the special case of CLP where the given partial orders $\prec_y$ are total orders. Previous results by Br\"uckner and Rutter [SODA 2017] and Klemz and Rote [ACM Trans. Alg. 2019] state that both CLP and OLP are NP-hard even in severely restricted cases. In particular, they remain NP-hard even when restricted to instances whose width (the maximum number of vertices that may share a common level) is at most two. In this paper, we focus on the other dimension: we study the parameterized complexity of CLP and OLP with respect to the height (the number of levels). We show that OLP parameterized by the height is complete with respect to the complexity class XNLP, which was first studied by Elberfeld et al. [Algorithmica 2015] (under a different name) and recently made more prominent by Bodlaender et al. [FOCS 2021]. It contains all parameterized problems that can be solved nondeterministically in time $f(k) n^{O(1)}$ and space $f(k) \log n$ (where $f$ is a computable function, $n$ is the input size, and $k$ is the parameter). If a problem is XNLP-complete, it lies in XP, but is W[$t$]-hard for every $t$. In contrast to the fact that OLP parameterized by the height lies in XP, it turns out that CLP is NP-hard even when restricted to instances of height 4. We complement this result by showing that CLP can be solved in polynomial time for instances of height at most 3., Comment: Appears in the Proceedings of the 40th International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2024)
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- 2024
15. Metallicities and Refined Stellar Parameters for 52 Cool Dwarfs with Transiting Planets and Planet Candidates
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Gore, Rebecca, Giacalone, Steven, Dressing, Courtney D., Turtelboom, Emma V., Schroeder, Ashley, Fortenbach, Charles D., Hardegree-Ullman, Kevin K., Zink, Jon K., Mayo, Andrew W., Schlieder, Joshua E., and Christiansen, Jessie L.
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
We collected near-infrared spectra of 65 cool stars with the NASA InfraRed Telescope Facility (IRTF) and analyze them to calculate accurate metallicities and stellar parameters. The sample of 55 M dwarfs and 10 K dwarfs includes 25 systems with confirmed planets and 27 systems with planet candidates identified by the K2 and TESS missions. Three of the 25 confirmed planetary systems host multiple confirmed planets and two of the 27 planet candidate systems host multiple planet candidates. Using the new stellar parameters, we re-fit the K2 and TESS light curves to calculate updated planet properties. In general, our updated stellar properties are more precise than those previously reported and our updated planet properties agree well with those in the literature. Lastly, we briefly examine the relationship between stellar mass, stellar metallicity, and planetary system properties for targets in our sample and for previously characterized planet-hosting low-mass stars. We provide our spectra, stellar parameters, and new planetary fits to the community, expanding the sample available with which to investigate correlations between stellar and planetary properties for low-mass stars., Comment: 4 tables, 6 figures
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- 2024
16. Estimating the Incidence of Conjunctivitis by Comparing the Frequency of Google Search Terms With Clinical Data: Retrospective Study
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Kammrath Betancor, Paola, Tizek, Linda, Zink, Alexander, Reinhard, Thomas, and Böhringer, Daniel
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Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
BackgroundInfectious conjunctivitis is contagious and may lead to an outbreak. Prevention systems can help to avoid an outbreak. ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate if Google search data on conjunctivitis and associated terms can be used to estimate the incidence and if the data can provide an estimation for outbreaks. MethodsWe obtained Google search data over 4 years for the German term for conjunctivitis (“Bindehautentzündung”) and 714 associated terms in 12 selected German cities and Germany as a whole using the Google AdWords Keyword Planner. The search volume from Freiburg was correlated with clinical data from the Freiburg emergency practice (Eye Center University of Freiburg). ResultsThe search volume for the German term for conjunctivitis in Germany as a whole and in the 12 German cities showed a highly uniform seasonal pattern. Cross-correlation between the temporal search frequencies in Germany as a whole and the 12 selected cities was high without any lag. Cross-correlation of the search volume in Freiburg with the frequency of conjunctivitis (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems [ICD] code group “H10.-”) from the centralized ophthalmologic emergency practice in Freiburg revealed a considerable temporal association, with the emergency practice lagging behind the frequency. Additionally, Pearson correlation between the count of patients per month and the count of searches per month in Freiburg was statistically significant (P=.04). ConclusionsWe observed a close correlation between the Google search volume for the signs and symptoms of conjunctivitis and the frequency of patients with a congruent diagnosis in the Freiburg region. Regional deviations from the nationwide average search volume may therefore indicate a regional outbreak of infectious conjunctivitis.
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- 2021
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17. Caring for Coma after Severe Brain Injury: Clinical Practices and Challenges to Improve Outcomes: An Initiative by the Curing Coma Campaign
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Murtaugh, Brooke, Olson, DaiWai M., Badjatia, Neeraj, Lewis, Ariane, Aiyagari, Venkatesh, Sharma, Kartavya, Creutzfeldt, Claire J., Falcone, Guido J., Shapiro-Rosenbaum, Amy, Zink, Elizabeth K., Suarez, Jose I., and Silva, Gisele Sampaio
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- 2024
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18. Indicated Prevention for Children Screened in Routine Health Care: Effectiveness of a Social Skills Program on Social Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms
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Zink, Julia, Weniger, Max, Porst, Patricia Theresa, Siegmund, Cornelia Beate, McDonald, Maria, Rückert, Frank, Roessner, Veit, Knappe, Susanne, and Beesdo-Baum, Katja
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- 2024
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19. Organization and operation of multi particle therapy facilities: the Marburg Ion-Beam Therapy Center, Germany (MIT)
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Zink, Klemens, Baumann, Kilian Simon, Theiss, Ulrike, Subtil, Florentine, Lahrmann, Sonja, Eberle, Fabian, and Adeberg, Sebastian
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- 2024
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20. Management and outcome of cutaneous diphtheria in adolescent refugees in Germany, June 2022 – October 2023
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Zink, Alicia, Hofer, Juliana, Schneider, Christian, Kessler, Franziska, Klenze, Hannes, Klauwer, Dietrich, Maleki, Klaudia, Müller, Andreas, Goretzki, Sarah, Wang, Shubei, Kobbe, Robin, Ramirez, Andrea Vanegas, Bode, Sebastian, Janda, Ales, Fressle, Roland, Remppis, Jonathan, Henneke, Philipp, Rieg, Siegbert, Berger, Anja, Sing, Andreas, Hufnagel, Markus, and Spielberger, Benedikt D.
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- 2024
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21. Evidence for dynastic succession among early Celtic elites in Central Europe
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Gretzinger, Joscha, Schmitt, Felicitas, Mötsch, Angela, Carlhoff, Selina, Lamnidis, Thiseas Christos, Huang, Yilei, Ringbauer, Harald, Knipper, Corina, Francken, Michael, Mandt, Franziska, Hansen, Leif, Freund, Cäcilia, Posth, Cosimo, Rathmann, Hannes, Harvati, Katerina, Wieland, Günther, Granehäll, Lena, Maixner, Frank, Zink, Albert, Schier, Wolfram, Krausse, Dirk, Krause, Johannes, and Schiffels, Stephan
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- 2024
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22. The correlation between CpG methylation and gene expression is driven by sequence variants
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Stefansson, Olafur Andri, Sigurpalsdottir, Brynja Dogg, Rognvaldsson, Solvi, Halldorsson, Gisli Hreinn, Juliusson, Kristinn, Sveinbjornsson, Gardar, Gunnarsson, Bjarni, Beyter, Doruk, Jonsson, Hakon, Gudjonsson, Sigurjon Axel, Olafsdottir, Thorunn Asta, Saevarsdottir, Saedis, Magnusson, Magnus Karl, Lund, Sigrun Helga, Tragante, Vinicius, Oddsson, Asmundur, Hardarson, Marteinn Thor, Eggertsson, Hannes Petur, Gudmundsson, Reynir L., Sverrisson, Sverrir, Frigge, Michael L., Zink, Florian, Holm, Hilma, Stefansson, Hreinn, Rafnar, Thorunn, Jonsdottir, Ingileif, Sulem, Patrick, Helgason, Agnar, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F., Halldorsson, Bjarni V., Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, and Stefansson, Kari
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- 2024
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23. Googling for Ticks and Borreliosis in Germany: Nationwide Google Search Analysis From 2015 to 2018
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Scheerer, Cora, Rüth, Melvin, Tizek, Linda, Köberle, Martin, Biedermann, Tilo, and Zink, Alexander
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Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
BackgroundBorreliosis is the most frequently transmitted tick-borne disease in Europe. It is difficult to estimate the incidence of tick bites and associated diseases in the German population due to the lack of an obligation to register across all 16 federal states of Germany. ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to show that Google data can be used to generate general trends of infectious diseases on the basis of borreliosis and tick bites. In addition, the possibility of using Google AdWord data to estimate incidences of infectious diseases, where there is inconsistency in the obligation to notify authorities, is investigated with the perspective to facilitate public health studies. MethodsGoogle AdWords Keyword Planner was used to identify search terms related to ticks and borreliosis in Germany from January 2015 to December 2018. The search volume data from the identified search terms was assessed using Excel version 15.23. In addition, SPSS version 24.0 was used to calculate the correlation between search volumes, registered cases, and temperature. ResultsA total of 1999 tick-related and 542 borreliosis-related search terms were identified, with a total of 209,679,640 Google searches in all 16 German federal states in the period under review. The analysis showed a high correlation between temperature and borreliosis (r=0.88), and temperature and tick bite (r=0.83), and a very high correlation between borreliosis and tick bite (r=0.94). Furthermore, a high to very high correlation between Google searches and registered cases in each federal state was observed (Brandenburg r=0.80, Mecklenburg-West Pomerania r= 0.77, Saxony r= 0.74, and Saxony-Anhalt r=0.90; all P
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- 2020
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24. Jeffrey R. Higher Education Under Late Capitalism: Identity, Conduct, and the Neoliberal Condition by Di Leo (review)
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Zink, Abbey
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- 2018
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25. Deciding the Feasibility and Minimizing the Height of Tangles
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Firman, Oksana, Kindermann, Philipp, Klemz, Boris, Ravsky, Alexander, Wolff, Alexander, and Zink, Johannes
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Computer Science - Computational Geometry ,Computer Science - Discrete Mathematics ,Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms - Abstract
We study the following combinatorial problem. Given a set of $n$ y-monotone \emph{wires}, a \emph{tangle} determines the order of the wires on a number of horizontal \emph{layers} such that the orders of the wires on any two consecutive layers differ only in swaps of neighboring wires. Given a multiset~$L$ of \emph{swaps} (that is, unordered pairs of wires) and an initial order of the wires, a tangle \emph{realizes}~$L$ if each pair of wires changes its order exactly as many times as specified by~$L$. \textsc{List-Feasibility} is the problem of finding a tangle that realizes a given list~$L$ if such a tangle exists. \textsc{Tangle-Height Minimization} is the problem of finding a tangle that realizes a given list and additionally uses the minimum number of layers. \textsc{List-Feasibility} (and therefore \textsc{Tangle-Height Minimization}) is NP-hard [Yamanaka, Horiyama, Uno, Wasa; CCCG 2018]. We prove that \textsc{List-Feasibility} remains NP-hard if every pair of wires swaps only a constant number of times. On the positive side, we present an algorithm for \textsc{Tangle-Height Minimization} that computes an optimal tangle for $n$ wires and a given list~$L$ of swaps in $O((2|L|/n^2+1)^{n^2/2} \cdot \varphi^n \cdot n)$ time, where $\varphi \approx 1.618$ is the golden ratio and $|L|$ is the total number of swaps in~$L$. From this algorithm, we derive a simpler and faster version to solve \textsc{List-Feasibility}. We also use the algorithm to show that \textsc{List-Feasibility} is in NP and fixed-parameter tractable with respect to the number of wires. For \emph{simple} lists, where every swap occurs at most once, we show how to solve \textsc{Tangle-Height Minimization} in $O(n!\varphi^n)$ time., Comment: This work is a merger of arXiv:1901.06548 and arXiv:2002.12251
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- 2023
26. Experimental demonstration of magnetic tunnel junction-based computational random-access memory
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Lv, Yang, Zink, Brandon R., Bloom, Robert P., Cılasun, Hüsrev, Khanal, Pravin, Resch, Salonik, Chowdhury, Zamshed, Habiboglu, Ali, Wang, Weigang, Sapatnekar, Sachin S., Karpuzcu, Ulya, and Wang, Jian-Ping
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Computer Science - Emerging Technologies ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Hardware Architecture ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control - Abstract
Conventional computing paradigm struggles to fulfill the rapidly growing demands from emerging applications, especially those for machine intelligence, because much of the power and energy is consumed by constant data transfers between logic and memory modules. A new paradigm, called "computational random-access memory (CRAM)" has emerged to address this fundamental limitation. CRAM performs logic operations directly using the memory cells themselves, without having the data ever leave the memory. The energy and performance benefits of CRAM for both conventional and emerging applications have been well established by prior numerical studies. However, there lacks an experimental demonstration and study of CRAM to evaluate its computation accuracy, which is a realistic and application-critical metrics for its technological feasibility and competitiveness. In this work, a CRAM array based on magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) is experimentally demonstrated. First, basic memory operations as well as 2-, 3-, and 5-input logic operations are studied. Then, a 1-bit full adder with two different designs is demonstrated. Based on the experimental results, a suite of modeling has been developed to characterize the accuracy of CRAM computation. Scalar addition, multiplication, and matrix multiplication, which are essential building blocks for many conventional and machine intelligence applications, are evaluated and show promising accuracy performance. With the confirmation of MTJ-based CRAM's accuracy, there is a strong case that this technology will have a significant impact on power- and energy-demanding applications of machine intelligence.
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- 2023
27. Co-propagation of QKD & 6 Tb/s (60x100G) DWDM channels with ~17 dBm total WDM power in single and multi-span configurations
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Gavignet, P., Pincemin, E., Herviou, F., Loussouarn, Y., Mondain, F., Grant, A. J., Johnson, L., Woodward, R. I., Dynes, J. F., Summers, B., Shields, A. J., Taira, K., Sato, H., Zink, R., Grempka, V., Castay, V., and Zou, J.
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Quantum Physics - Abstract
We report co-propagation experiments of the quantum channel (at 1310 nm) of a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) system with Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) data channels in the 1550 nm range. Two configurations are assessed. The first one is a single span configuration where various lengths of Standard Single Mode Fiber (SSMF) (from 20 to 70 km) are used and the total WDM channels power is varied. The Secure Key Rate (SKR) and the Quantum Bit Error Ratio (QBER) are recorded showing that up to ~17 dBm total power of 30 or 60 channels at 100 Gb/s can coexist with the quantum channel. A metric to evaluate the co-propagation efficiency is also proposed to better evaluate the ability of a QKD system to provide secure keys in a co-propagation regime. The second experiment is a three spans link with a cascade of three QKD systems and two trusted nodes in a 184 km total link length. We report the transmission of a coherent 400 Gb/s Dual Polarization DP-16QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) channel that transports a QKD secured 100 GbE data stream, with other fifty-four 100 Gb/s WDM channels. Encryption is demonstrated at the same time as co-propagation., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2305.13742
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- 2023
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28. First Intensity Interferometry Measurements with the H.E.S.S. Telescopes
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Zmija, Andreas, Vogel, Naomi, Wohlleben, Frederik, Anton, Gisela, Zink, Adrian, and Funk, Stefan
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Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
Intensity interferometry for astrophysical observations has gained increasing interest in the last decade. The method of correlating photon fluxes at different telescopes for high resolution astronomy without access to the phase of the incoming light is insensitive to atmospheric turbulence and doesn't require high-precision optical path control. The necessary large collection areas can be provided by Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes. Implementation of intensity interferometers to existing telescope systems such as VERITAS and MAGIC has proven to be successful for high-resolution imaging of stars. In April 2022 we equipped two telescopes of the H.E.S.S. array in Namibia with an intensity interferometry setup to measure southern sky stars and star systems during the bright moon period. We mounted an external optical system to the lid of the telescope cameras, which splits the incoming light and feeds it into two photomultipliers in order to measure the zero-baseline correlation within one telescope in addition to the cross correlation between the telescopes. The optical elements are motorised, which enables live correction of tracking inaccuracies of the telescopes. During the campaign we measured the spatial correlation curves and thereby the angular diameters of {\lambda} Sco (Shaula) and {\sigma} Sgr (Nunki), while we also performed systematic studies of our interferometer using the multiple star system of {\alpha} Cru (Acrux).
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- 2023
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29. Morphing Graph Drawings in the Presence of Point Obstacles
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Firman, Oksana, Hegemann, Tim, Klemz, Boris, Klesen, Felix, Sieper, Marie Diana, Wolff, Alexander, and Zink, Johannes
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Computer Science - Computational Geometry - Abstract
A crossing-free morph is a continuous deformation between two graph drawings that preserves straight-line pairwise noncrossing edges. Motivated by applications in 3D morphing problems, we initiate the study of morphing graph drawings in the plane in the presence of stationary point obstacles, which need to be avoided throughout the deformation. As our main result, we prove that it is NP-hard to decide whether such an obstacle-avoiding 2D morph between two given drawings of the same graph exists. This is in sharp contrast to the classical case without obstacles, where there is an efficiently verifiable (necessary and sufficient) criterion for the existence of a morph., Comment: Appears in Proc. SOFSEM 2024
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- 2023
30. Outerplanar and Forest Storyplans
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Fiala, Jiří, Firman, Oksana, Liotta, Giuseppe, Wolff, Alexander, and Zink, Johannes
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Computer Science - Computational Geometry ,Computer Science - Discrete Mathematics - Abstract
We study the problem of gradually representing a complex graph as a sequence of drawings of small subgraphs whose union is the complex graph. The sequence of drawings is called \emph{storyplan}, and each drawing in the sequence is called a \emph{frame}. In an outerplanar storyplan, every frame is outerplanar; in a forest storyplan, every frame is acyclic. We identify graph families that admit such storyplans and families for which such storyplans do not always exist. In the affirmative case, we present efficient algorithms that produce straight-line storyplans., Comment: Appears in Proc. SOFSEM 2024
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- 2023
31. Multiple Baseline and Multiple Probe Design Studies Targeting Academic Skills: Trends over Time in Effect Sizes
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Henry H. Zink, Ethan R. Van Norman, and David A. Klingbeil
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Single-case design (SCD) is a quantitative experimental technique in which participants serve as their own control. The use of an effect size in SCD allows evaluation of outcomes as well as comparison of outcomes via meta-analyses. Characteristics of SCD research make the selection of an appropriate effect size complicated. Additionally, there are a number of factors that complicate the use of SCDs as a means to improve academic skills. The purpose of this study was to examine patterns by which SCD effect sizes are used to quantify outcomes from academic interventions. To do so, a descriptive analysis of an extant database of SCD studies was conducted. The authors created frequency tables for each effect size identified in the database as well as graphs to show the extent to which the use of effect sizes changed over time. The authors also determined whether the most frequently used effect sizes were appropriate for summarizing changes in academic outcomes. Although many effect sizes have been developed, only a small number are routinely used in SCD research for academic skills. The most frequently used effect sizes were those that come from standardized statistics, compared with those that utilized principles of regression or Bayesian analysis.
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- 2024
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32. Kopfläuse, Bettwanzen & Co. richtig bekämpfen
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Zink, Nicola
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- 2024
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33. Carlisle’s Writing Circle: Boarding School Texts and the Decolonization of Domesticity
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Zink, Amanda J.
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- 2016
34. Prairie Rising: Indigenous Youth, Decolonization, and the Politics of Intervention by Jaskiran Dhillon (review)
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Zink, Amanda J.
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- 2019
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35. Equal Opportunities in Academic Research Development? Faculty Gender Bias and Stereotypes in Research Administration
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Zink, Holly R., Keim, Sarah A., Chollet-Hinton, Lynn, Cernik, Colin, and Larson, Kelsey E.
- Abstract
Female faculty remain a minority in academic research and women are often perceived to lack the qualities needed to be successful scientists, which may contribute to discrimination and prejudice against female researchers. Research administrators play a pivotal role in the development of strategic, catalytic, and capacity-building activities designed to encourage faculty in attracting extramural research funding. The purpose of this investigation was to explore whether research administrators evaluate extramural grant applicants differently based on gender and different career ranks. Contrary to previous research examining faculty gender biases and stereotypes, our study showed that applicants were rated similarly in researcher competence across both male and female applicants by research administrators (Hypothesis 1). Our research also showed that female candidates were generally seen as more likeable (researcher collegiality) and were rated higher for mentoring potential than male candidates (Hypothesis 2). Furthermore, consistent with prior research, findings suggest that those in the senior career rank were more highly rated for research competence and skill (Hypothesis 3). Although we did not list a formal hypothesis, our findings did support the notion that senior career rank applicants are more highly rated for biosketch design and comprehension, most likely due to their perceived competence and advanced experience. These findings, while preliminary, suggest that traditional barriers related to perceived female researcher competence are not experienced as they interact with research administrators. The main implication of this study is that research administrators do not appear to significantly contribute to the previously reported discrimination and prejudice against the competence of female researchers.
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- 2023
36. Acute inorganic nitrate ingestion does not impact oral microbial composition, cognitive function, or high-intensity exercise performance in female team-sport athletes
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Tan, Rachel, Merrill, Courtney, Riley, Chandler F., Hammer, Maya A., Kenney, Ryan T., Riley, Alyssa A., Li, Jeffrey, Zink, Alexandra C., Karl, Sean T., Price, Katherine M., Sharabidze, Luka K., Rowland, Samantha N., Bailey, Stephen J., Stiemsma, Leah T., and Pennell, Adam
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- 2024
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37. Varikosen klassifizieren und diagnostizieren
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Zink, Nicola
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- 2024
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38. Digitale Kompetenzen in der Rhythmologie: Training und Ausbildung
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Emrani, Mahdi and Zink, Matthias Daniel
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- 2024
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39. Individuelle und arbeitsbezogene Herausforderungen der Pflegekräfte in stationären Pflegeeinrichtungen während der COVID-19-Pandemie in Deutschland
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Zink, Maria, Wendsche, Johannes, and Melzer, Marlen
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- 2024
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40. CEFL: Carbon-Efficient Federated Learning
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Mehboob, Talha, Bashir, Noman, Iglesias, Jesus Omana, Zink, Michael, and Irwin, David
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Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing - Abstract
Federated Learning (FL) distributes machine learning (ML) training across many edge devices to reduce data transfer overhead and protect data privacy. Since FL model training may span millions of devices and is thus resource-intensive, prior work has focused on improving its resource efficiency to optimize time-to-accuracy. However, prior work generally treats all resources the same, while, in practice, they may incur widely different costs, which instead motivates optimizing cost-to-accuracy. To address the problem, we design CEFL, which uses adaptive cost-aware client selection policies to optimize an arbitrary cost metric when training FL models. Our policies extend and combine prior work on utility-based client selection and critical learning periods by making them cost-aware. We demonstrate CEFL by designing carbon-efficient FL, where energy's carbon-intensity is the cost, and show that it i) reduces carbon emissions by 93\% and reduces training time by 50% compared to random client selection and ii) reduces carbon emissions by 80%, while only increasing training time by 38%, compared to a state-of-the-art approach that optimizes training time.
- Published
- 2023
41. Hot Jupiters Have Giant Companions: Evidence for Coplanar High-Eccentricity Migration
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Zink, Jon and Howard, Andrew
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
This study considers the characteristics of planetary systems with giant planets based on a population-level analysis of the California Legacy Survey planet catalog. We identified three characteristics common to hot Jupiters. First, while not all hot Jupiters have a detected outer giant planet companion ($M \sin i$ = 0.3--30 $M_{\textrm{Jup}}$), such companions are ubiquitous when survey completeness corrections are applied for orbital periods out to 40,000 days. Giant harboring systems without a hot Jupiter also host at least one outer giant planet companion per system. Second, the mass distributions of hot Jupiters and other giant planets are indistinguishable. However, within a planetary system that includes a hot Jupiter, the outer giant planet companions are at least $3\times$ more massive than the inner hot Jupiters. Third, the eccentricity distribution of the outer companions in hot Jupiter systems (with an average model eccentricity of $\langle e\rangle=0.34\pm0.05$) is different from the corresponding outer planets in planetary systems without hot Jupiters ($\langle e\rangle=0.19\pm0.02$). We conclude that the existence of two gas giants, where the outermost planet has an eccentricity $\ge0.2$ and is $3\times$ more massive, are key factors in the production of a hot Jupiter. Our simple model based on these factors predicts that $\sim$10\% of warm and cold Jupiter systems will by chance meet these assembly criteria, which is consistent with our measurement of $16\pm6\%$ relative occurrence of hot Jupiter systems to all giant-harboring systems. We find that these three features favor coplanar high-eccentricity migration as the dominant mechanism for hot Jupiter formation., Comment: 11 pages, 5 Figures, Accepted for Publication in ApJL
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- 2023
42. Tree Drawings with Columns
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Klawitter, Jonathan and Zink, Johannes
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Computer Science - Computational Geometry ,Computer Science - Discrete Mathematics - Abstract
Our goal is to visualize an additional data dimension of a tree with multifaceted data through superimposition on vertical strips, which we call columns. Specifically, we extend upward drawings of unordered rooted trees where vertices have assigned heights by mapping each vertex to a column. Under an orthogonal drawing style and with every subtree within a column drawn planar, we consider different natural variants concerning the arrangement of subtrees within a column. We show that minimizing the number of crossings in such a drawing can be achieved in fixed-parameter tractable (FPT) time in the maximum vertex degree $\Delta$ for the most restrictive variant, while becoming NP-hard (even to approximate) already for a slightly relaxed variant. However, we provide an FPT algorithm in the number of crossings plus $\Delta$, and an FPT-approximation algorithm in $\Delta$ via a reduction to feedback arc set., Comment: Appears in the Proceedings of the 31st International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2023)
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- 2023
43. A panorama of new-physics explanations to the MiniBooNE excess
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Abdullahi, Asli M., Zink, Jaime Hoefken, Hostert, Matheus, Massaro, Daniele, and Pascoli, Silvia
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High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
The MiniBooNE low-energy excess stands as an unexplained anomaly in short-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. It has been shown that it can be explained in the context of dark sector models. Here, we provide an overview of the possible new-physics solutions based on electron, photon, and dilepton final states. We systematically discuss the various production mechanisms for dark particles in neutrino-nucleus scattering. Our main result is a comprehensive fit to the MiniBooNE energy spectrum in the parameter space of dark neutrino models, where short-lived heavy neutral leptons are produced in neutrino interactions and decay to $e^+e^-$ pairs inside the detector. For the first time, other experiments will be able to directly confirm or rule out dark neutrino interpretations of the MiniBooNE low-energy excess., Comment: 35 pages, 21 figures
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- 2023
44. Maternal Economies in the Estranged Sisterhood of Edith Summers Kelley and Charlotte Perkins Gilman
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Zink, Amanda J.
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- 2014
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45. Über kulturelle und poetische Alterität
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Rössler, Reto, primary and Zink, Dominik, additional
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- 2024
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46. Can equine communication via audible exhales improve the welfare of therapy horses? – A pilot practice project
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Naber, Anna, Völk, Magdalena, Hediger, Karin, and Zink, Roswitha
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equine-assisted therapy ,equine welfare ,audible exhale communication ,therapy horses ,stress ,breathing ,horse training ,positive reinforcement ,therapy training ,animal consent ,client safety - Abstract
Background: Human-animal interactions in human services are on the rise, with an increased focus on the welfare of animals involved as well as on client safety. Based on scientifically based training methods, it has been proposed that horses involved in therapy settings could benefit from learning proactive strategies to reduce stress. One possible strategy is audible exhale communication (AEC). Inviting horses to actively use this strategy with humans could enhance the welfare of horses in equine-assisted therapy (EAT), thereby increasing client safety., Methods: A pilot project was conducted to test the feasibility of training 20 therapy horses to use AEC as a veto signal for an activity, while therapists responded to the signals. The number of audible exhales from the horses was compared between the initial and final training sessions. Furthermore, we tested whether age, years of training experience, and therapy experience served as moderating variables for the outcome. Additionally, qualitative observations were made by therapists working with the horses., Results: It has become apparent that training the horses to use AEC was successful. After 6 months of training, the horses showed a significantly higher number of audible exhales than in the initial training session, with a large effect size. Neither age nor years of training or therapy experience was found to be a moderating variable. The horses were eagerly engaged with newly acquired tools. These showed fewer indications of stress, greater sense of relaxation, and more positive emotions., Conclusion: Based on the findings of this pilot study, training horses to use AEC might be a feasible approach to reduce stress in horses working in therapeutic settings, increase client safety, enhance human-animal relationships, and open up new possibilities for improving the therapeutic process. This method is applicable to all horses, regardless of their age, training level, or experience in therapy. For future research, it would be interesting to replicate and extend the approach by addressing the aforementioned limitations and using a randomized controlled design to investigate the introduction and impact of AEC in a therapeutic setting and to gain more comprehensive insights.
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- 2023
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47. Managing the work stress of inpatient nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review of organizational interventions
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Maria Zink, Frederike Pischke, Johannes Wendsche, and Marlen Melzer
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COVID-19 pandemic ,Hospital ,Inpatient care ,Inpatient nurse ,Nursing homes ,Organizational workplace intervention ,Nursing ,RT1-120 - Abstract
Abstract Background During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, inpatient nurses faced various work stressors. Little is known about organizational interventions that can mitigate the negative consequences of pandemic-related stressors. Objective The aim was to provide a synopsis of the literature concerning the types and outcomes of organizational interventions performed during the COVID-19 pandemic that directly (re)organized the work structures of inpatient nurses to address pandemic-related work stressors or to increase nurses’ ability to cope. Methods Within this preregistered systematic literature review, we searched four databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, CINAHL) and two preprint databases (MedRxiv, PsyArXiv) for interventional studies of organizational interventions published between 01/2020 and 03/2023 (k = 990 records). We included 12 primary studies after title-abstract and full-text screening. A synthesis of results without meta-analysis was conducted. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials – version 2 (RoB-2) and Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Results All interventions were implemented in hospitals. The reasons given for implementation included pandemic-related work stressors such as a high workload, understaffing, and a lack of medical resources. To respond to the various work stressors, half of the studies took a multilevel approach combining organizational and person-oriented interventions (k = 6). Most studies (k = 8) took a secondary prevention approach, focusing on the organization of rest breaks (k = 5). With respect to outcomes, the studies examined nurse-related stress and resilience, turnover intention, job satisfaction, and other factors. Risk-of-bias analyses revealed that conclusions about the effectiveness of the interventions are limited due to confounding factors and self-selection. Conclusions The identified interventions provide a basis for future research to draw conclusions on the effectiveness of organizational interventions during pandemics. The promotion of adequate work breaks could be useful if the work stressors associated with strain and negative consequences cannot be changed directly. However, the same stressors (e.g., high workload) can hinder nurses from participating in offered interventions. This emphasizes the importance of directly addressing inpatient nurses’ work stressors. Registration Prospero-ID CRD42023364807 (March 2023).
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- 2024
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48. Occupational skin cancer screening: Results of a cross‐sectional study at the city drainage company Munich
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K. E. Mayer, M. Schreier, C. Gross, S. Wasserer, K. Kranen, P. Wustrow, T. Biedermann, A. Zink, and O.‐D. Persa
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occupational prevention ,screening ,skin cancer ,sun damage ,Dermatology ,RL1-803 ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Abstract Background Since skin cancer incidence and prevalence are rising steadily, the prevention of skin cancer has gained importance. People with high sun exposure at work are at special risk, and prevention measures by the employer may lower the risk, especially for keratinocyte carcinoma. Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of a large‐scale skin cancer screening campaign at the city drainage company Munich where the cohort consisted mainly of outdoor workers. Methods In 2023, a skin cancer screening campaign was conducted at the city drainage company Munich. Sun exposure and protection measures of each participant were assessed using a questionnaire. Dermatologists identified clinical signs for sun damage and skin cancer by whole‐body skin examination. Results A total of 290 participants (72.8% male; mean age 43.7 ± 11.5 years) were enroled. 36.6% showed clinical signs of sun damage correlating with male gender, higher age, and more hours spent outdoors per day. Clinical examination revealed a suspect finding of skin cancer, a preliminary stage, or a lesion requiring clinical control to avoid skin cancer development in 19.3% of participants. Participants with atypical melanocytic lesions were mostly female and showed a high skin cancer awareness. This was concluded from the fewer signs of sun damage, a higher percentage of previous screening participation, and more regular self‐examination. Conclusions Whole‐body examination for skin cancer screening at work is a valuable tool to encourage participation in this preventive measure. It may help identify people at risk either by clinical signs for sun damage or risk exposure which can be assessed with a simple questionnaire. Based on this result, the screening interval may be adopted individually.
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- 2024
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49. Skin and Digital–The 2024 Narrative
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Dominique du Crest, MBE, Monisha Madhumita, MD, Wendemagegn Enbiale, MD, MPH, PhD, Alexander Zink, MD, MPH, PhD, Art Papier, MD, Gaone Matewa, BBA, Harvey Castro, MD, MBA, Hector Perandones, MD, Josef De Guzman, OD-OPS, Misha Rosenbach, MD, Tu-Anh Duong, MD, PhD, Yu-Chuan Jack Li, MD, PhD, Hugues Cartier, MD, Benjamin Ascher, MD, Sebastien Garson, MD, Alessandra Haddad, MD, PhD, Daniel Z. Liu, MD, Diala Haykal, MD, Jane Yoo, MD, MPP, Nav Paul, MBBS, MRCP, Tracy Cohen Sayag, Mfin, Merete Hædersdal, MD, PhD, DMSc, Esther Freeman, MD, PhD, and Lilit Garibyan, MD, PhD
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Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 - Abstract
The global burden of skin diseases affects over 3 billion individuals, posing important public health challenges worldwide, with profound impacts in both high-income and low-income and middle-income countries. These challenges are exacerbated by widespread disparities in access to dermatologic care and the prevalence of misinformation. This article, derived from the Skin and Digital Summit at the International Master Course on Aging Science critically evaluates how digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, teledermatology, and large language models can bridge these access gaps. It explores practical applications and case studies demonstrating the impact of these technologies in various settings, with a particular focus on adapting solutions to meet the diverse needs of low-income and middle-income countries. In addition, the narrative highlights the ongoing conversation within the dermatologic community about the role of digital advances in health care, emphasizing that this discussion is dynamic and the one that is continuously evolving. Dermatologists play an essential role in this transition, integrating digital tools into mainstream care to complement a patient-centered, culturally sensitive approach. The article advocates for a globally coordinated digital response that not only addresses current disparities in skin health care but also promotes equitable access to digital health resources, making dermatologic care more representative of all skin types and accessible worldwide.
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- 2024
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50. A qualitative exploration of the patient journey in axial spondyloarthritis towards a people-centered understanding
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Kristina Berr, Stefanie Ziehfreund, Martin Welcker, Tilo Biedermann, and Alexander Zink
- Subjects
Axial spondyloarthritis ,Patient journey ,Qualitative research ,People-centered care ,Integrated care ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract This exploratory qualitative study aims to gain a people-centered understanding of the patient journey in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 individuals diagnosed with axSpA, aged 18 years and older, who were purposively recruited from a rheumatologic practice in southern Germany. The interviews were carried out as web-based video calls between September and October 2021, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed according to Kuckartz’s qualitative content analysis. Patient journey narratives encompassed both healthcare journeys and personal journeys. Healthcare journeys were characterized as fragmented and difficult to navigate, with diagnosis often marking a turning point toward more coordinated care. Post-diagnosis, new challenges emerged (e.g., time management for treatment). Personal journeys comprised perceptions of axSpA in social contexts (e.g., stigmatization) and the continuous interplay of comorbidities and biographical events with healthcare related to axSpA. This study proposes a people-centered perspective on the patient journey in axSpA, emphasizing the interplay of biographies, comorbidities, and social context with healthcare events. Recognizing these personal factors in clinical practice is encouraged to address complex health needs and tailor treatment to each individual. Further efforts should promote collaboration between medical disciplines and integrate healthcare and social support at all stages of the axSpA patient journey.
- Published
- 2024
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