Search

Introduction. Zingiber officinalis est un alicament couramment utilisé seule ou en association avec d'autres plantes pour traiter diverses affections inflammatoires telle que les œdèmes. La présente vise à rechercher l’effet de synergie entre l’extrait aqueux des feuilles de Laurus nobilis et l'extrait aqueux des rhizomes de Z. officinalis dans une perspective de traitement efficient de l’œdème. Matériel et Méthodes. Trois types d'extraits aqueux (L. nobilus, Z. officinalis et L. nobilus + Z. officinalis) ont été testés aux concentrations de 250 mg/ml et 500 mg/ml en suivant des methodes standardisées. Le formol à 1 % a été utilisé comme agent phobogène. Résultats et Discussion. Les résultats montrent que l'extrait aqueux de L. nobilis prévient de façon significative l'œdème des pattes des rats à partir de la 120ème et 180ème minutes du test. Les pourcentages d'inhibition enregistré varient de 37,74 % à 53,57 % pour les concentrations testées. La même tendance d'augmentation du pourcentage d'inhibition est observée avec l'extrait de Z. officinalis qui varient respectivement de 37,74% à 47,61 % à la 120ème et 180ème minutes. Par ailleurs, la combinaison (L. nobilus + Z. officinalis) a montré des pourcentages d'inhibition plus élevé et varient de 52,97 % à 54,16 %. L'analyse des données montre que l'extrait de L. nobilis optimise l'activité anti-œdémateuse de l'extrait de Z. officinalis, ce qui confirme son application traditionnelle. Conclusion. Ces travaux montrent qu’un effet synergique se développe lors de l’utilisation combinée des extraits aqueux de L. nobilus + Z. officinalis. Toutefois des travaux plus approfondis méritent d’être effectué pour un meilleur traitement des affections inflammatoires

Zingiber officinalis (Z. officinalis) from Apiaceae family is Ayurveda medicine in Asia. Z. officinalis is traditionally used as herbal, food, and various therapeutic purposes. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of Z. officinalis crude extract against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), in-vitro. Using the broth dilution method, the antibacterial activity of Z. officinalis crude extract was evaluated in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Biofilm development was used to investigate the inhibitory effect of Z. officinalis extract on bacterial adhesion. The amount of water-insoluble glucan was used to determine the inhibitory effect of crude extract on glucosyltransferase (GTFs). In addition, the acidity of S. mutans pathogenesis was measured using sub-MIC level of Z. officinalis extract. The MIC and MBC of Z. officinalis crude extract against S. mutans were 31.25 and 62.50 mg/ml, respectively. Biofilm formation was inhibited at MIC and 1/2 MIC. Extracts of Z. officinalis at MIC level inhibited GTFs by more than 50%. In addition, extracts of Z. officinalis at 1/2 MIC, 1/4 MIC, and 1/8MIC showed a dose-dependent reduction in acid production. Z. officinalis extract can inhibit the virulent factor of S. mutans, which causes dental caries in humans, in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total green nanotechnological nasal spray has been manufactured and proposed as an alternative treatment of rhinitis and rhinosinusitis. It was obtained by combining the strengthening effect of liposomes on barrier function, the hydrating and lubricating properties of sodium hyaluronan and the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the extract of Zingiber officinalis. To this purpose, the extract was loaded in special phospholipid vesicles immobilized with hyaluronic acid (hyalurosomes), which were further enriched with glycerol in the water phase. Liposomes and glycerosomes were prepared as well and used as reference. Vesicles were oligolamellar and multicompartment, as confirmed by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) observation, small in size (~140 nm) and negatively charged (~−23 mV). Spray characteristics were evaluated by using the Spraytec® and instant images, from which the plume angle was measured. The range of the droplet size distribution and the narrow spray angle obtained suggest a good nebulization and a possible local deposition in the nasal cavity. In vitro studies performed by using human keratinocytes confirmed the high biocompatibility of vesicles and their ability to effectively counteract oxidative damage on cells induced by hydrogen peroxide. The overall collected data suggest that our vesicles are suitable as nasal spray.

The aim of the current study was to assess the effect of two different fortified feeds with different concentrations of two important medicinal plants (Withania coagulans and Zingiber officinale) on the mucosal immunity of Labeo rohita. After a dietary intervention, mucus was tested against five pathogenic bacteria (in-vitro), while experimental fish were tested against the ectoparasite (Lernaea) (in-vivo). Our results revealed that all fish groups fed with different concentrations (1, 1.5, and 2%) of Z. officinale had low molecular weight proteins and did not develop any significant signs of parasitic infection, with low mortality rate; whereas the groups that were fed with W. coagulans (particularly with 1% and 2%), including a control group, developed rapid signs of infection with high mortality rate. The highest hemagglutination titer value was recorded for the fish fed with 1% and 1.5% of Z. officinale. The lowest value was found for the fish fed with 2% of W. coagulans. The mucus of all fish of fortified groups was active and inhibited the growth of tested bacterial pathogens as compared to the control group. Further, Z. officinale groups showed greater efficacy against bacteria as compared to the W. coagulans groups. In conclusion, Z. officinale can be considered as a potential and functional ingredient in aquaculture feed. Furthermore, future studies should be conducted to investigate more details on the subject.

The polyphyto drugs FM27; compose of Mentha piperita (10%), Ribes nigrum (20%), Cinnamomum zeylanicum (20%), Aloe vera (10%), Zingiber officinalis (5%), Glycine max (5%) and Avena sativa (30%) on memory acquisition and retention was studied using EPM, MWM and PCA test in rat using two different routes, one is per oral (FM27O) and another one is transcranial (FM27T). The test drug studied for in vitro safety profile screening by MTT assay in a different cell line. As per the result, cell line toxicity confirmed that formulation FM27 was non toxic in SH-SY-5Y human neuroblastoma cell line, Vero monkey normal kidney epithelial cells, and Chang liver cell line. Test drug FM27O studied at a dose of (PO 50 and 100 mg/kg), showed graded dose response and it was observed significantly (p <0.01) effect of memory improvement comparing standard group containing Bacopa monnieri (PO 50 and 100 mg/kg), whereas transcranially applied FM27T (10 mg/kg) showed a significant (p <0.001) effect of memory improvement comparing control group and observed similar effect like standard drug. Herbal formulations FM27 was found to be potent for treating dementia to improve memory. The cell line toxicity study report confirmed it was safe in higher dose also. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within non-communicable diseases, chronic inflammatory conditions represent one of the biggest challenges for modern medicine. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been practiced over centuries and has accumulated tremendous empirical knowledge on the treatment of such diseases. Huangqi Jianzhong Tang (HQJZT) is a famous TCM herbal formula composed of Radix Astragali, Ramulus Cinnamomi, Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae Praeparata cum Melle, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens, Fructus Jujubae and Saccharum Granorum (maltose), which has been used for the treatment of various chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases. However, there is insufficient knowledge about its active constituents and the mechanisms responsible for its effects. The present study aimed at identifying constituents contributing to the bioactivity of HQJZT by combining in vitro cytokine production assays and LC-MS metabolomics techniques. From the HQJZT decoction as well as from its single herbal components, extracts of different polarities were prepared. Phytochemical composition of the extracts was analyzed by means of UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. The inhibitory effects of the extracts on TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ production were studied in U937 cells. Phytochemical and pharmacological bioactivity data were correlated by orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) in order to identify those HQJZT constituents which may be relevant for the observed pharmacological activities. The investigations resulted in the identification of 16 HQJZT constituents, which are likely to contribute to the activities observed in U937 cells. Seven of them, namely calycosin, formononetin, astragaloside I, liquiritigenin, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, paeoniflorin and albiflorin were unambiguously identified. The predicted results were verified by testing these compounds in the same pharmacological assays as for the extracts. In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory activity of HQJZT could be substantiated by in vitro pharmacological screening, and the predicted activities of the OPLS-DA hits could be partially verified. Moreover, the benefits and limitations of MVDA for prediction pharmacologically active compounds contributing to the activity of a TCM mixture could be detected.

In the present study, anti-Avian influenza virus H9N2 activity of aqueous extracts (5, 10, 15, 20, 25%) of Zingiber officinalis and Allium sativum was evaluated. Embryo-toxicity was evaluated by histopathological scoring of Chorio-allantoic membrane of chick embryos. Cytotoxicity of extracts was determined by MTT assay on Vero cells. Aqueous extract of ginger had antiviral activity at 10, 15, 20 and 25% while garlic had activity at 15, 20 and 25%. Histopathological scoring of chorio-allantoic membrane for aqueous extracts (5, 10, 15, 20, 25%) of ginger (0.66±0.57, 1.33±0.57, 1.66±0.57, 2.66±0.57, 3.66±0.57, respectively) and garlic (1.00±0.00, 1.33±0.57, 2.00±0.00, 2.33±0.57, 3.66±0.57, respectively) was concentration dependant. MTT assay revealed cytotoxicity of both plants was also concentration dependent. Extracts of ginger (5, 10, 15, 20, 25%) had lower cytotoxicity (71, 59, 28, 22, 0 % cell survival, respectively) as compared to garlic (61, 36. 20, 11, 3% cell survival, respectively). Overall results revealed that concentration of aqueous extract of ginger (10%), showing antiviral activity against H9N2, was less toxic to vero cells (> 50% cell survival). It is insinuated that ginger may have anti- Avian influenza virus H9N2 potential and its active compounds needs further investigation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Prodigest® is the standardized combination of artichoke and ginger extracts. This combination was safe and effective in the treatment of functional dyspepsia. However, further evidence could be useful to shed new lights on the effect of Prodigest® on gastric motility. This pilot randomized study on healthy volunteers investigates the prokinetic activity of Prodigest®. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This was a randomized, cross-over study in healthy volunteers comparing Prodigest® versus placebo. Eleven healthy volunteers were enrolled. Each participant underwent two evaluations, at a 7-day interval. Ten minutes before the main meal, the baseline area of gastric volume was determined by ultrasonography. The subject was then given one Prodigest® or placebo capsule and, then consumed a standardized meal. One hour after the meal, the gastric volume was measured again. Two weeks after the second evaluation, three subjects repeated the above-mentioned procedures taking two capsules of Prodigest®. RESULTS: The mean gastric area at baseline was 3.2±0.5 cm2; after the meal, this figure was 8.4±0.7 cm2 with Prodigest® and 11.0±1.5 cm2 with placebo (p<0.001). The after-meal gastric area was significantly smaller, with a -24% difference, following the combination of extracts, as compared with placebo (p<0.001). The effect of two capsules of Prodigest® seems to be more evident but due to the very small number of the patients sample further clinical data are necessary before confirming the dose-related effects. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study shows that Prodigest®, a standardized extract of ginger and artichoke, significantly promotes gastric emptying in healthy volunteers without being associated with notable adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a fungitoxicidade dos extratos brutos aquosos (EBA) de gengibre (Zingiber officinalis) e eucalipto (Corymbia citriodora) sobre o fungo Helminthosporium sp. Este patógeno foi identificado nas fibras do pseudocaule da bananeira, as quais são utilizadas na fabricação de artesanato local. Foram avaliados o crescimento micelial e esporulação do fungo in vitro, além do crescimento da colônia fúngica nas fibras tratadas com os extratos das plantas. As fibras receberam os seguintes tratamentos:preventivo (P), curativo (C) e T0, sendo que neste último, a inoculação e o tratamento com os EBAs foram realizados simultaneamente. Os resultados in vitro mostraram que, dos extratostestados, eucalipto foi mais eficiente na redução do crescimento micelial e produção de esporos do fungo. Com relação ao tratamento in vivo, verificou se que apenas as fibras tratadas preventivamente com o EBA de eucalipto não foram afetadas por Helminthosporium sp.The present work aimed to evaluate the fungitoxicity of ginger (Zingiber officinalis) and eucalypt’s (Corymbia citriodora) aqueouscrude extracts (ACE) concerning the Helminthosporium sp fungus. This pathogen was identified in the fibers of banana pseudostem, used in local handicraft production. The fungus mycelial growth and sporulation were evaluated in vitro, as well as the growth of funguscolony on banana fibers treated with these plant extracts. The fibers received the following treatments: preventative, curative and T0 (the inoculation process and the treatments with the ACEs were used at the same time). The in vitro results showed that the eucalypt crude extract was the most efficient in mycelial growth and in reduction of spores production. As for the in vivo treatment, it was observed that fibers, preventatively treated with eucalypt ACE, were not affected by Helminthosporium sp.

Abstract: Stress can lead to the manifestation of functional gastrointestinal disorders, the most prominent being irritable bowel disorder. The present study investigated the impact zingerone in ameliorating chronic water stress induced irritable bowel disorder, brain gut axis dysfunction and dysregulation of the intestinal barrier due to oxidative stress. Rats were randomly allocated to groups and subjected to chronic water stress for a period of 21 days for 1h and the fecal pellet output was measured. At the end of chronic stress, behavioral assessment for anxiety like behavior was recorded and plasma corticosterone levels were measured 60min after water stress. The colonic transit was determined, levels of oxidative and antioxidant biomarkers were measured in the colon homogenate. Myeloperoxidase activity was determined as an indirect index of neutrophil infiltration. Chronic water stress increased the rate of colonic transit, fecal output, induced behavioral changes, and decreased antioxidant levels. An increase in lipid peroxide levels, catalase and corticosterone was observed. Mast cell infiltration was evident in the stressed group. Zingerone significantly reduced colonic transit, fecal output, neutrophil infiltration, and lipid peroxide formation. The levels of catalase were not altered; however, a marginal increase in the levels of glutathione peroxidase was observed. Zingerone significantly enhanced the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione and decreased the levels of corticosterone. Zingerone produced marked improvement in stress induced irritable bowel disorder which could be attributed to the powerful antioxidant nature, direct effect on the intestinal smooth muscle and adaptogenic nature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a fungitoxicidade dos extratos brutos aquosos (EBA) de gengibre (Zingiber officinalis) e eucalipto (Corymbia citriodora) sobre o fungo Helminthosporium sp. Este patógeno foi identificado nas fibras do pseudocaule da bananeira, as quais são utilizadas na fabricação de artesanato local. Foram avaliados o crescimento micelial e esporulação do fungo in vitro, além do crescimento da colônia fúngica nas fibras tratadas com os extratos das plantas. As fibras receberam os seguintes tratamentos: preventivo (P), curativo (C) e T0, sendo que neste último, a inoculação e o tratamento com os EBAs foram realizados simultaneamente. Os resultados in vitro mostraram que, dos extratos testados, eucalipto foi mais eficiente na redução do crescimento micelial e produção de esporos do fungo. Com relação ao tratamento in vivo, verificouse que apenas as fibras tratadas preventivamente com o EBA de eucalipto não foram afetadas por Helminthosporium sp.

Penaeus monodon postlarvae were fed with different percentages (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) of the herbal appetizer Zingiber officinalis enriched Artemia. After 30 days of culture (i.e. PL-1–30), a very positive result was found in Z. officinalis-enriched Artemia-fed postlarvae. The unenriched Artemia-fed postlarvae consumed 91.0 mg/animal/30 days of feed, whereas the Z. officinalis-enriched Artemia increased their consumption to 127.9 mg/animal/30 days. A similar pattern was noticed in feed absorbed (110.2 mg), dry weight growth (26.7 mg) and feed catabolized (83.2 mg) in Z. officinalis-enriched Artemia because of enzymatic activities. The conversion efficiency of unenriched postlarva was 17.19%, whereas in 100% Z. officinalis-enriched Artemia, the maximum conversion efficiency was 20.85%. The net production efficiency increased significantly ( P < 0.05) to 22% from that of the unenriched Artemia-fed postlarvae. The administration of Z. officinalis in all levels produced significantly ( P < 0.05) higher weight gain and specific growth rate. The utilization efficiency of feed increased proportionately to the percentages of Z. officinalis. Digestive enzyme activity (amylase, protease and lipase) increased significantly ( P < 0.05) in the 50%, 75% and 100% enrichment. Among the different percentages of enrichment, the 100% Z. officinalis-enriched Artemia-fed postlarvae performed better in the overall status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present research work was to carry out clinical study on primary dysmenorrhea to comparatively examine the coded herbal drug formulation ‘Dysmo-off’ with authentic allopathic medicine ‘Diclofenac sodium’ (NSAIDs). A random controlled clinical trial was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of coded herbal medicinal treatments Dysmo-off with Diclofenac sodium/Phenylacetic acid. These evaluations were based on verbal rating scale so as to ascertain the rate of analgesic effects on dysmenorrhoeic pain. The patients were randomly allocated with the ratio of 1:2 for controlled treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (n = 40) received Diclofenac sodium tablets twice daily for 4 days (50 mg one day prior to and three days after the menstruation), and test treatment with Dysmo-off (n = 80) received powdered Dysmo-off twice daily for four days (5 g one day prior to and three days after the menstruation). Treatment lasted for 4 consecutive menstrual cycles. Hemoglobin, ESR and ultrasound were measured at baseline during study. All subjects were clinically studied and completed the assigned therapy during the period May 2001 to June 2004. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total green nanotechnological nasal spray has been manufactured and proposed as an alternative treatment of rhinitis and rhinosinusitis. It was obtained by combining the strengthening effect of liposomes on barrier function, the hydrating and lubricating properties of sodium hyaluronan and the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the extract of Zingiber officinalis. To this purpose, the extract was loaded in special phospholipid vesicles immobilized with hyaluronic acid (hyalurosomes), which were further enriched with glycerol in the water phase. Liposomes and glycerosomes were prepared as well and used as reference. Vesicles were oligolamellar and multicompartment, as confirmed by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) observation, small in size (~140 nm) and negatively charged (~−23 mV). Spray characteristics were evaluated by using the Spraytec® and instant images, from which the plume angle was measured. The range of the droplet size distribution and the narrow spray angle obtained suggest a good nebulization and a possible local deposition in the nasal cavity. In vitro studies performed by using human keratinocytes confirmed the high biocompatibility of vesicles and their ability to effectively counteract oxidative damage on cells induced by hydrogen peroxide. The overall collected data suggest that our vesicles are suitable as nasal spray. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Pathogens of fish are a serious issue faced by farmers and a great threat to the country's economy. Overuse of antibiotics leads to antibiotic-resistant strains of the bacterial pathogens; residues of the antibiotics also accumulate in the tissue of the fish and are responsible for environmental problems. Therefore, the use of antibiotic alternatives should be explored as a new approach to immunotherapy to prevent or to cure preexisting infections. Previous research has concluded that the use of herbal extracts enhances the immunity of fish against several fish pathogens such as bacteria and other protozoon parasites. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two different fortified feeds with different concentrations of Withania coagulans and Zingiber officinale on the fish mucus of Labeo rohita. The mucus was tested against five pathogenic bacteria in-vitro while fish was tested against the ectoparasite Lernaea (in-vivo). Our result showed that Z. officinale proves an efficient immune stimulator for the L. rohita against the tested organism (both in vivo and in vitro). Hence, it can be used as an effective solution against the emerging diseases of cultured fish. The aim of the current study was to assess the effect of two different fortified feeds with different concentrations of two important medicinal plants (Withania coagulans and Zingiber officinale) on the mucosal immunity of Labeo rohita. After a dietary intervention, mucus was tested against five pathogenic bacteria (in-vitro), while experimental fish were tested against the ectoparasite (Lernaea) (in-vivo). Our results revealed that all fish groups fed with different concentrations (1, 1.5, and 2%) of Z. officinale had low molecular weight proteins and did not develop any significant signs of parasitic infection, with low mortality rate; whereas the groups that were fed with W. coagulans (particularly with 1% and 2%), including a control group, developed rapid signs of infection with high mortality rate. The highest hemagglutination titer value was recorded for the fish fed with 1% and 1.5% of Z. officinale. The lowest value was found for the fish fed with 2% of W. coagulans. The mucus of all fish of fortified groups was active and inhibited the growth of tested bacterial pathogens as compared to the control group. Further, Z. officinale groups showed greater efficacy against bacteria as compared to the W. coagulans groups. In conclusion, Z. officinale can be considered as a potential and functional ingredient in aquaculture feed. Furthermore, future studies should be conducted to investigate more details on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within non-communicable diseases, chronic inflammatory conditions represent one of the biggest challenges for modern medicine. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been practiced over centuries and has accumulated tremendous empirical knowledge on the treatment of such diseases. Huangqi Jianzhong Tang (HQJZT) is a famous TCM herbal formula composed of Radix Astragali, Ramulus Cinnamomi, Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae Praeparata cum Melle, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens, Fructus Jujubae and Saccharum Granorum (maltose), which has been used for the treatment of various chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases. However, there is insufficient knowledge about its active constituents and the mechanisms responsible for its effects. The present study aimed at identifying constituents contributing to the bioactivity of HQJZT by combining in vitro cytokine production assays and LC-MS metabolomics techniques. From the HQJZT decoction as well as from its single herbal components, extracts of different polarities were prepared. Phytochemical composition of the extracts was analyzed by means of UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. The inhibitory effects of the extracts on TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ production were studied in U937 cells. Phytochemical and pharmacological bioactivity data were correlated by orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) in order to identify those HQJZT constituents which may be relevant for the observed pharmacological activities. The investigations resulted in the identification of 16 HQJZT constituents, which are likely to contribute to the activities observed in U937 cells. Seven of them, namely calycosin, formononetin, astragaloside I, liquiritigenin, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, paeoniflorin and albiflorin were unambiguously identified. The predicted results were verified by testing these compounds in the same pharmacological assays as for the extracts. In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory activity of HQJZT could be substantiated by in vitro pharmacological screening, and the predicted activities of the OPLS-DA hits could be partially verified. Moreover, the benefits and limitations of MVDA for prediction pharmacologically active compounds contributing to the activity of a TCM mixture could be detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herbs are plants which are used in number of ways including cooking and medicines etc. Diabetes mellitus is a disorder increasing rapidly and the incidences in 2010 were about 285 million people worldwide. Conventionally used drugs possess many side effects and the cost of modem antidiabetic drug is beyond the reach of most people with low income. Because of this, there is a pressing need of alternatives that are effective, cheap, and safe. Plants derived preparations are used as traditional remedies for the treatments of diabetes. Some studies investigated beneficial effect of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) in treatment and prevention of diabetes mellitus. In this review we have discussed the mechanisms through which ginger shows antidiabetic activity and its pharmacokinetics and safety profile is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]