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The year 2024 marks a phase of political instability in Latin America, characterized by shifts between left and right-wing governments. The "Pink Wave" of center-left governments faces challenges, including impeachment proceedings due to corruption. Economically, the region is struggling with challenges, but also opportunities through cooperation with China and other countries. Latin America's foreign policy shows an increasing autonomy from the USA and Europe. [Extracted from the article]

The article deals with the conflict between Venezuela and Guyana in the Essequibo border region. This long-standing dispute could escalate due to the new Latin America strategy of the USA, which includes a military deterrence strategy against the growing influence of China and Russia. Brazil has strengthened its armed forces at the borders with Venezuela and Guyana. The conflict revolves around the Essequibo territory, which is rich in oil and natural resources and affects various international treaties on border settlement between Venezuela and Guyana. There have been attempts at a settlement, but the conflict has further intensified with threats and military actions from both sides. There is hope for a peaceful solution through dialogue and negotiations. The conflict has a geostrategic dimension between the USA and Latin America and has global significance in the context of the new West-South/East conflict. [Extracted from the article]

The article deals with Brazil's international repositioning under President Lula. Brazil has isolated itself under the government of Jair Bolsonaro and has affected its relations with Latin America and the world. President Lula faces challenges such as the climate catastrophe, the preservation of the Amazon rainforest, and dealing with the consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic. Brazil will focus on developing partnerships with China, Mercosur, Latin America, Africa, and Asian countries. It is emphasized that a strategic alliance between Brazil and Argentina should be established to meet future challenges. The importance of Latin America for Europe and the EU's efforts to improve relations are also addressed. During a visit to Brazil, Chancellor Scholz welcomed Brazil's return to the world stage and agreed to cooperation between the two countries on global challenges. Contracts for the supply of green hydrogen and liquefied gas were concluded, while Brazil continues to remain neutral regarding the Ukraine conflict and has not approved ammunition deliveries to Germany. President Lula proposed forming a club of countries that could play a mediating role. Negotiations are also underway for the conclusion of a trade agreement between Mercosur and the EU, with Brazil wanting to safeguard its interests regarding its industry and technologies. [Extracted from the article]

Mexican President Lopez Obrador presented a peace proposal to end the Ukraine war at the UN General Assembly, which is supported by other Latin American heads of state and government. Latin America takes an independent stance and rejects violence in international relations. They condemn the Russian intervention in Ukraine but also reject all interventions. Latin America has diversified its foreign relations and become more independent from the United States and Europe, particularly through the growing influence of China and the expansion of relations with Russia. They strive to end the conflict and contribute to peace. [Extracted from the article]

55 years ago, the Treaty of Tlatelolco was signed, establishing a nuclear-weapon-free zone in Latin America and the Caribbean. All 33 Latin American and Caribbean states have ratified the treaty, which prohibits the possession, production, testing, and stationing of nuclear weapons in the region. During the Falklands War in 1982, British warships carried 31 nuclear weapons, which constituted a violation of the treaty. These revelations raise questions about the trustworthiness of the West in the global security structure. In light of the Ukraine conflict and the possibility of its escalation, the Treaty of Tlatelolco is extremely relevant. Nuclear-weapon-free zones are an important instrument for containing nuclear dangers and protecting the sovereignty of countries. [Extracted from the article]

Im Jahr 1994 begann in Mexiko der Aufstand der überwiegend indigen geprägten Zapatisten. Er richtete sich gegen Neokolonialismus und Neoliberalismus. Nachdem die Zapatisten jahrelang versucht hatten, die mexikanische Gesellschaft in Richtung einer Basisdemokratie zu transformieren, waren sie an vielfältigen Widerständen gescheitert. Jedoch schufen sie einen alternativen autonomen Raum, der sich durch Basisdemokratie, kollektives Eigentum, Gender- und Naturgerechtigkeit auszeichnet. 500 Jahre nach der Eroberung beschlossen die Zapatisten, eine Weltreise zu unternehmen. Die Botschaft der „Zapatour": Die Konquistadoren haben uns nicht erobert, der Widerstand wird fortgesetzt, nun jedoch global enger vernetzt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Der gegenwärtige mexikanische Präsident Andrés Manuel Lopez Obrador (AMLO) gratulierte president-elect Joe Biden nicht sofort. Das taten andere Präsidenten aus Lateinamerika, aber nicht AMLO. Das rief Verwunderung und Empörung hervor. Sollte Mexiko nicht froh sein, diesen „rohen" und „grobschlächtigen" Präsidenten los zu sein, der die Mexikaner als „Verbrecher" und „Vergewaltiger" attackierte und eine Mauer an der Grenze bauen wollte? Schaut man genauer hin, so ist das Verhalten von Lopez Obrador eher umsichtig als feige oder gar Trump-freundlich. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this analysis of critical political science in the framework of the entanglement between post structural and ontological approaches, the author goes beyond the usual claims by asserting that since globalization, especially in the economic and political domains, is not a uniform and integrated process, likewise the globalization of social sciences does not necessarily enhance cooperation and promote equal participation. First, there is a process of standardization of the social sciences through international criteria of peer reviewing and ranking, the so called Social Science Citation Index - SSCI. These are common and universal criteria for evaluating research products by experts claiming to be neutral-which suggests the imposition of a kind of scientific imperialism. However, going against this mainstream is the emergence of scientific networks on the internet representing different universities and research institutes highlighting the works especially of young researchers, not to mention the many forums on the internet affiliated with various international scientific societies, associations and federations all over the world. There are attempts to change the course of the current "imperialist" globalization of social sciences from the Global North in developing a "scientific life" from the bottom based on participative principles in alternative autonomous spaces, for example the rebellious Zapatistas communities in Mexico. This is something quite new and has yet to be developed further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

María de Jesús Patricio Martínez, auch Marichuy genannt, wird bei den mexikanischen Präsidentschaftswahlen im Juni 2018 als unabhängige Kandidatin antreten. Die Menschenrechtsaktivistin, die als traditionelle Heilerin die Medizin der Volksgruppe der Nahua praktiziert, engagiert sich schon seit Langem beim Nationalen Indigenen Kongress (CNI) für die Rechte der indigenen Bevölkerung Mexikos. Auch die zapatistische EZLN hat zu ihrer Wahl aufgerufen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]