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The Zimbabwe Secondary School Science Project (ZIM-SCI) developed student study guides, corresponding teaching guides, and science kits for a low-cost science course which could be taught during the first 2 years of secondary school without the aid of qualified teachers and conventional laboratories. This teaching guide, designed to be read in conjunction with the related student guides, includes instructional strategies, lists of required materials, laboratory procedures, and other information for two units dealing with various aspects of forces and of forces associated with living things. Major areas investigated in the two units include: forces and changes they cause; measurement of forces; machines; power; and energy converters (Unit H1) and three main forms of support in plants; three main skeletal types in animals; limbs in animals as machines (muscles exerting a force on bone which acts as a lever); and protective functions of various skeletal parts (Unit H2). Each section in this guide corresponds to given sections in the student guides. (JN)

The Zimbabwe Secondary School Science Project (ZIM-SCI) developed student study guides, corresponding teaching guides, and science kits for a low-cost science course which could be taught during the third year of secondary school without the aid of qualified teachers and conventional laboratories. This teaching guide, designed to be read in conjunction with the related student guide, includes instructional strategies, lists of required materials, laboratory procedures, and other information for a five-part unit which expands on the concepts about forces learned in ZIM-SCI units H1 and H2. Activities and investigations focus on: forces acting at a distance and forces of reaction; various man-made devices that apply or overcome these forces in a useful way; measurement and calculation of the size of these forces; nature of pressure and application of pressure to useful work; and principles that govern all simple machines. Since concepts in this unit cover requirements of the O-Level General Syllabus Examination, actual O-level examination questions are included. Each section in this guide corresponds to a given section in the student study guide. (JN)

The Zimbabwe Secondary School Science Project (ZIM-SCI) developed student study guides, corresponding teaching guides, and science kits for a low-cost science course which could be taught during the third year of secondary school without the aid of qualified teachers and conventional laboratories. This ZIM-SCI study guide is a five-part unit providing activities and experiments which build on concepts about forces learned in ZIM-SCI units H1 and H2. The material included expands students' knowledge to cover requirements of the O-Level General Science Syllabus. Parts 1 and 2 focus on two groups of forces found in the natural environment--forces acting at a distance and forces of reaction. Students are also taught about various man-made devices that apply or overcome these natural forces in a useful way. The remaining three parts focus on measurement and calculation of the size of these forces (part 3), nature of pressure and applications of pressure to useful work (part 4), and principles that govern all simple machines (part 5). Actual O-level examination questions (with answers) as well as information on principles behind the activities and experiments are provided. (JN)

The Zimbabwe Secondary School Science Project (ZIM-SCI) developed student study guides, corresponding teaching guides, and science kits for a low-cost science course which could be taught during the first 2 years of secondary school without the aid of qualified teachers and conventional laboratories. This ZIM-SCI study guide presents activities and experiments for a two-part unit dealing with various aspects of electricity. Major areas investigated include: simple circuits; conductors and insulators; electrical symbols; series and parallel circuits; measurement of current in series and parallel circuits; measurement of electrical energy; short circuits; fuses; resistance; and voltage, current, and resistance. Information is provided throughout the unit to help students understand the concepts behind the activities and experiments. (JN)

The Zimbabwe Secondary School Science Project (ZIM-SCI) developed student study guides, corresponding teaching guides, and science kits for a low-cost science course which could be taught during the first 2 years of secondary school without the aid of qualified teachers and conventional laboratories. This teaching guide, designed to be read in conjunction with the related student guide, includes instructional strategies, lists of required materials, laboratory procedures, and other information for activities and experiments in a two-part unit dealing with various aspects of electricity. Major areas investigated include: simple circuits; conductors and insulators; electric symbols; series and parallel circuits; measurement of current in series and parallel circuits; measurement of electrical energy; short circuits; fuses; resistance; and voltage, current, and resistance. Each section in this guide corresponds to a given section in the student study guide. (JN)

The Zimbabwe Secondary School Science Project (ZIM-SCI) developed student study guides, corresponding teaching guides, and science kits for a low-cost science course which could be taught during the first 2 years of secondary school without the aid of qualified teachers and conventional laboratories. This ZIM-SCI study guide presents activities and experiments for a three-part unit in which students investigate various aspects of force. Part 1 focuses on: familiar forces and the changes they cause; magnitude and direction of force; opposing and balancing forces; unbalanced forces (leading to the concept of acceleration); momentum; magnetic and electrostatic forces; and gravity. Part 2 focuses on measurement of forces; instruments used to measure forces; and friction. Part 3 concentrates on the concept of work, leading to definitions for work and for joule as the unit of energy. Machines are introduced as devices which make work "easier," laying the foundation for introducing the concept of "power" and definition of a Watt. A simple experiment measuring muscle power and a comparison of power available from various common energy converters concludes the unit. Information is provided throughout the unit to help students understand the scientific concepts behind the activities and experiments. (JN)

The Zimbabwe Secondary School Science Project (ZIM-SCI) developed student study guides, corresponding teaching guides, and science kits for a low-cost science course which could be taught during the first 2 years of secondary school without the aid of qualified teachers and conventional laboratories. This ZIM-SCI study guide presents activities and experiments in a unit focusing on the principles of force, support, and action in living things. Major areas investigated include: purpose of skeletons in living things; three main forms of support in plants; three main types of skeletons in animals; the ways in which bones are adapted according to the medium in which an animal lives; and the method by which stability is maintained in four-legged animals (with reference to the center of mass). Other areas investigated include limbs as "animal machines" (muscles which exert a force on a bone which acts as a lever), muscle action, and the protective function of various parts of the skeleton. Information is provided throughout the unit to help students understand the scientific concepts behind the activities and experiments. (JN)

The Zimbabwe Secondary School Science Project (ZIM-SCI) developed student study guides, corresponding teaching guides, and science kits for a low-cost science course which could be taught during the first 2 years of secondary school without the aid of qualified teachers and conventional laboratories. This teaching guide, designed to be read in conjunction with the related student guide, includes instructional strategies, lists of required materials, laboratory procedures, and other information for a four-part unit in which students perform activities and experiments which trace the path of energy found in food. Areas investigated include: (1) food chains and webs (introducing producers, consumers, and decomposers); (2) organisms found in milk; (3) compost and fertilizers; (4) nature and identification of fats and proteins; (5) diets; (6) balanced meals; (7) energy measurement in joules; (8) digestive systems, focusing on the human system; and (9) anatomy and physiology of human teeth. A discussion of how concepts are developed in the unit is provided. Each section in this guide correponds to a given section in the student study guide. (JN)

The Zimbabwe Secondary School Science Project (ZIM-SCI) developed student study guides, corresponding teaching guides, and science kits for a low-cost science course which could be taught during the first 2 years of secondary school without the aid of qualified teachers and conventional laboratories. This ZIM-SCI study guide presents activities and short experiments for a four-part unit which traces the path of energy found in food. Areas investigated include: (1) food chains and food webs (introducing producers, consumers, and decomposers); (2) organisms found in milk; (3) compost and fertilizers; (4) nature and identification of fats and proteins; (5) diets; (6) balanced meals; (7) energy measurement in joules; (8) digestive systems, focusing on the human system; and (9) anatomy and physiology of human teeth. Information is provided throughout the unit to help students understand the scientific concepts behind the activities and experiments. (JN)

The Zimbabwe Secondary School Science Project (ZIM-SCI) developed student study guides, corresponding teaching guides, and science kits for a low-cost science course which could be taught during the first 2 years of secondary school without the aid of qualified teachers and conventional laboratories. This ZIM-SCI study guide presents activities, experiments, and field studies for a two-part unit in which students investigate: (1) the solar system; (2) structure and formation of the earth; (3) igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks; and (4) the nature and formation of soils. Characteristics of the major soil types found in Zimbabwe, trees characteristically associated with these soils, and soil conservation are stressed. Information to help students understand the scientific principles behind the activities, experiments, and field studies is provided. (JN)

The Zimbabwe Secondary School Science Project (ZIM-SCI) developed student study guides, corresponding teaching guides, and science kits for a low-cost science course which could be taught during the third year of secondary school without the aid of qualified teachers and conventional laboratories. This ZIM-SCI study guide is a four-part unit providing activities and experiments which build on concepts about particles learned in ZIM-SCI units C1 ("What is Water?") and C2 ("Particles in Action"). The material included expands students' knowledge to cover requirements of the O-Level General Science Syllabus. Part 1 focuses on elements, compounds, and mixtures, with references to basic concepts taught in units C1 and C2. Part 2 deals with particulate structure in matter with reference to Brownian motion. The concept of electrostatics is introduced in part 3 to get across the idea of matter being made up of tiny charged particles (ions). Protons and neutrons are also introduced. Part 4 deals with various aspects of chemical bonding. Actual O-level examination questions (with answers) as well as information on principles behind the activities and experiments are provided. (JN)

The Zimbabwe Secondary School Science Project (ZIM-SCI) developed student study guides, corresponding teaching guides, and science kits for a low-cost science course which could be taught during the first 2 years of secondary school without the aid of qualified teachers and conventional laboratories. This ZIM-SCI study guide presents activities and experiments for a unit dealing with the human senses. Anatomy and physiology of the eyes (sight), ears (hearing), tongue (taste), nose (smell), and skin (feel/touch) are investigated. The study of these individual sense organs is then related to the structure and function of the nervous systen. Parts of the brain as well as major nerves are examined during dissection of a rat. The unit concludes with simple experiments designed to establish concepts of reflex action, reflex arc, and voluntary and involuntary actions. Information is provided throughout the unit to help students understand the concepts behind the activities and experiments. (JN)

The Zimbabwe Secondary School Science Project (ZIM-SCI) developed student study guides, corresponding teaching guides, and science kits for a low-cost science course which could be taught during the first 2 years of secondary school without the aid of qualified teachers and conventional laboratories. This ZIM-SCI study guide presents activities and experiments for a unit dealing with: (1) the generation of electricity; (2) uses of electricity in everyday life; and (3) safety precautions when using electricity in the home and in commerce and industry. Major areas investigated include: work and electrical power; changing electrical energy into other forms of energy; magnetic fields due to adjacement permanent magnets; the motor effect of an electric current; electromagnetic induction and generators; precautions related to using household electricity; and paying for electrical power. Information is provided throughout the unit to help students understand the concepts behind the activities and experiments. (JN)

The Zimbabwe Secondary School Science Project (ZIM-SCI) developed student study guides, corresponding teaching guides, and science kits for a low-cost science course which could be taught during the first 2 years of secondary school without the aid of qualified teachers and conventional laboratories. This teaching guide, designed to be read in conjunction with the related student guide, includes instructional strategies, lists of required materials, laboratory procedures, and other information for activities and experiments in a unit dealing with the human senses. Anatomy and physiology of the eyes (sight), tongue (taste), ears (hearing), nose (smell), and skin (feel/touch) are investigated. The study of these individual sense organs is then related to the structure and function of the nervous system. Parts of the brain as well as major nerves are examined during dissection of a rat. The unit concludes with simple experiments designed to establish concepts of reflex action, reflex arc, and voluntary and involuntary actions. Each section in this guide corresponds to a given section in the student study guide. (JN)

The Zimbabwe Secondary School Science Project (ZIM-SCI) developed student study guides, corresponding teaching guides, and science kits for a low-cost science course which could be taught during the first 2 years of secondary school without the aid of qualified teachers and conventional laboratories. This teaching guide, designed to be used in conjunction with the related student guide, provides instructional strategies, lists of required materials, laboratory procedures, and other information for activities and experiments in a unit dealing with: (1) the generation of electricity; (2) uses of electricity in everyday life; and (3) safety precautions when using electricity in the home and in commerce and industry. Major areas investigated include: work and electrical power; changing electrical energy into other forms of energy; magnetic fields due to adjacent permanent magnets; the motor effect of an electric current; electromagnetic induction and generators; precautions related to using household electricity; and paying for electrical power. Each section in this guide corresponds to a given section in the student study guide. (JN)