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Background: The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of using volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) versus pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) on blood loss in patients undergoing posterior lumbar inter-body fusion (PLIF) surgery., Methods: In a randomized, single-blinded, parallel design, 78 patients, candidates for PLIF surgery, were randomly allocated into two groups of 39 to be mechanically ventilated using VCV or PCV mode. All the patients were operated in prone position by one surgeon. Amount of intraoperative surgical bleeding, transfusion requirement, surgeon satisfaction, hemodynamic parameters, heart rate, and blood pressure were measured as outcomes., Results: PCV group showed slightly better outcomes than VCV group in terms of mean blood loss (431 cc vs. 465 cc), transfusion requirement (0.40 vs. 0.43 unit), and surgeon satisfaction (82.1% vs. 74.4%); however, the differences were not statistically significant. Diastolic blood pressure 90 and 105 min after induction were significantly lower in PCV group (P = 0.043-0.019, respectively); however, blood pressure at other times, hemoglobin levels, and mean heart rate were similar in two groups., Conclusions: In patients undergoing posterior lumbar inter-body fusion surgery, mode of ventilation cannot make significant difference in terms of blood loss; however, some minor benefits in outcomes may lead to the selection of PCV rather than VCV. More studies with larger sample size, and investigating more factors may be needed., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: Anesthetic drugs may directly or indirectly affect respiratory function. We investigated the effects of intravenous propofol and inhaled sevoflurane anesthesia on postoperative spirometric indices in patients undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy surgery., Methods: We randomly assigned 111 patients, aged 18 - 65 years, undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy surgery, to receive either intravenous propofol or inhaled sevoflurane. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC were measured before and after anesthesia. Comparisons between the two groups were made using the t -test and ANOVA., Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, sex, height, body weight, BMI, pain score, ASA class, operation duration, and received analgesics. The FEV1 and FVC values significantly decreased after the operation in the sevoflurane group., Conclusions: Both intravenous propofol and inhaled sevoflurane can decrease postoperative spirometry parameters. However, it seems that patients receiving propofol have less decreased spirometric indices., (Copyright © 2019, Author(s).)

Background: There is limited evidence about charitable contribution and donation in Iranian healthcare. The main objective of this study was to investigate the factors that influence and encourage Iranian donors to donate money for healthcare facilities., Methods: Data was gathered through semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 36 donors, fund-raisers, and managers of the Iranian health system. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants. The data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis, assisted by MAXQDA 10 software., Results: The factors that affect Iranian donors to donate money for healthcare facilities were (a) feelings of altruism, compassion, concern, pity, sympathy, and obligation; (b) perceptions of difficulties and need in others, similarity with beneficiary, feedback from previous donations, thinking about death, and self-realization; (c) benefits consisted of monetary, social, and psychological benefits; and (d) values including moral, social, and religious values., Conclusion: Better understanding of feelings, perceptions, benefits, and values of donors could improve the fund-raising practices in the Iranian health system., (© 2019 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.)

Background: The objective of this study was to shed light on the challenges and successes of HIV/AIDS services delivery as perceived by Sex workers., Methods: Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 IDUs and Sex workers in drop-in centers in Shiraz. A thematic analysis of these qualitative data was conducted by the authors., Results: Participants identified major challenges and successes of HIV/AIDS services delivery. Access services, services delivery in terms of challenges and the successes concept were classified., Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that while there is greater availability of HIV/AIDS services, this does not equate with greater accessibility because multiple, complex and interrelated barriers to HIV/AIDS service utilization at the service delivery level such as Stigma, discrimination, violence, harassment and social equity issues are critical concerns of FSW.

Introduction: Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive disease, which is defined by extreme sensitivity to sunlight and UV radiation and characterized by skin lesions and neuromuscular abnormalities. It is caused by a molecular defect in nucleotide excision repair genes. It has been reported that volatile anesthetics may cause genotoxic side effects or aggravation of the neurological signs. We report an XP patient with difficult intubation whose airway was controlled with Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) and was anesthetized with sevoflurane., Case Presentation: A 23-year-old woman, who had been a known case of XP since her childhood, was admitted to our hospital for excision of face mass (SCC) and skin graft surgery. Her airway examination revealed some anatomical and pathological abnormalities, including limitation of mouth opening, jaw protrusion, head extension, and class 4 of mallampati, all predicting difficult intubation. We chose general anesthesia with inhalation induction, LMA insertion and maintenance with sevoflurane without muscle relaxant. The surgery was completed uneventfully and the patient left the hospital the day after the surgery without any new complaint., Conclusions: We suggest that for XP patients with compromised air-way, sevoflurane (not all volatiles) may be preferred.