33 results on '"Zikeli, S."'
Search Results
2. Effect of leguminous green manure crops on white cabbage in organic vegetable production in southwestern Germany
- Author
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Stein, S., primary, Zikeli, S., additional, and Möller, K., additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Innovative agricultural management in organic orchards and perception of their potential ecosystem services
- Author
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Borsotto, P., primary, Borri, I., additional, Tartanus, M., additional, Zikeli, S., additional, Lepp, B., additional, Kelderer, M., additional, Holtz, T., additional, Friedli, M., additional, Boutry, C., additional, Neri, D., additional, and Malusà, E., additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. DOMINO – Synthesis of Soil Management Strategies Integrating Plant and Waste Based Alternative Fertilizers
- Author
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Zikeli, S., Boutry, C., Dzhuvinov, V., Friedli, M., Furmanczyk, E., Holtz, T., Kelderer, M., Lepp, B., Malusa, E., Zikeli, S., Boutry, C., Dzhuvinov, V., Friedli, M., Furmanczyk, E., Holtz, T., Kelderer, M., Lepp, B., and Malusa, E.
- Abstract
The project DOMINO (http://www.domino-coreorganic.eu/) focused on the evaluation of alternative fertilisers based on locally available wastes, legume-based materials and vermicompost extracts as alternatives to animal-based fertilizers from conventional agriculture in apple orchards. The project included incubation experiments, pot and field experiments in different European countries. In addition, a survey on nutrient budgets and soil nutrient status in organic fruit orchards was conducted in Germany. The evaluation of the fertilizers encompassed also their impact on soil nematodes and microbial activity and biodiversity. Considering all pros and cons, there is no single ideal solution for fertilization. An integrated approach using fertilizers based on legumes in combination with stillages that provide N early in the season can enhance farm internal N cycles leading to an overall higher N efficiency.
- Published
- 2022
5. Reduced tillage in organic farming affects soil organic carbon stocks in temperate Europe
- Author
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Krauss, M, Wiesmeier, M, Don, A, Cuperus, F, Gattinger, A, Gruber, S, Haagsma, W K, Peigné, J, Palazzoli, M Chiodelli, Schulz, F, van der Heijden, Marcel G A; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7040-1924, Vincent-Caboud, L, Wittwer, R A, Zikeli, S, Steffens, M, Krauss, M, Wiesmeier, M, Don, A, Cuperus, F, Gattinger, A, Gruber, S, Haagsma, W K, Peigné, J, Palazzoli, M Chiodelli, Schulz, F, van der Heijden, Marcel G A; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7040-1924, Vincent-Caboud, L, Wittwer, R A, Zikeli, S, and Steffens, M
- Abstract
For decades, conservation tillage has been promoted as a measure to increase carbon stocks in arable soils. Since organic farming improves soil quality and soil carbon storage, reduced tillage under organic farming conditions may further enhance this potential. Therefore, we assessed soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks of reduced tillage compared with mouldboard ploughing in nine organic farming field trials in France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Switzerland with the same sampling and analytical protocol. We sampled soil cores until a depth of 100 cm to determine soil carbon stocks that are relevant for climate change mitigation but are often overlooked in tillage studies with shallow sampling depths. The studied field experiments were between 8 and 21 years old and comprised different soil types with clay contents ranging from 10% to 50%. SOC stocks increased with increasing clay-to-silt ratio, precipitation and organic fertiliser input. Across sites, reduced tillage in comparison with ploughing increased SOC stocks in the surface layer (0–10/15 cm) by 20.8% or 3.8 Mg ha 1, depleted SOC stocks in the intermediate soil layers to 50 cm soil depth with a maximum depletion of 6.6% or 1.6 Mg ha 1 in 15/ 20–30 cm and increased SOC stocks in the deepest (70–100 cm) soil layer by 14.4% or 2.5 Mg ha 1. The subsoil SOC stock increase may be linked to the inherent soil heterogeneity. Cumulative SOC stocks increased by 1.7% or 1.5 Mg ha1 (0–50 cm, n = 9) and 3.6% or 4.0 Mg ha 1 (0–100 cm, n = 7) by reduced tillage compared with ploughing with estimated mean C sequestration rates of 0.09 and 0.27 Mg ha 1 yr 1, respectively. There was no effect of field trial duration on tillage induced cumulative SOC stocks differences. Under reduced tillage, biomass production was 8% lower resulting in a decrease of crop C input by 6%. However, this reduction may have been outbalanced by increased C inputs from weed biomass resulting from a higher weed incidence in reduced tillage, which warran
- Published
- 2022
6. Plasma thrombospondin 1 as a predictor of postoperative liver dysfunction
- Author
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Starlinger, P., Haegele, S., Wanek, D., Zikeli, S., Schauer, D., Alidzanovic, L., Fleischmann, E., Gruenberger, B., Gruenberger, T., and Brostjan, C.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. DURCHFÜHRBARKEITSSTUDIE Zur Ermittlung möglicher Forschung- und Demonstrationsfelder für Agri-Photovoltaik in Baden-Württemberg
- Author
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Hörnle, O., Riedelsheimer, J., Trommsdorff, M., Keinath, T., Binder, F., Weinmann, E., Klodt, F., Zikeli, S., Pataczek, L., Rueß, F., Köppler, K., Glas, M., Mayr, U., Frey, M., Kromrey, V., Vedel, D., and Klein, A.
- Published
- 2021
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8. Classification of anthrosols with vitric/andic properties derived from lignite ash
- Author
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Zikeli, S., Kastler, M., and Jahn, R.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Does conversion to reduced tillage really increase soil organic carbon stocks in organic arable farming?
- Author
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Steffens, M., Cupterus, F., Don, A., Gattinger, A., Gruber, S., Haagsma, W., Hegewald, F., Peigné, J., Chiodelli Palazzoli, M., Schulz, F., van der Heijden, M.G.A., Vincent-Caboud, L., Wiesmeier, M., Wittwer, R., Zikeli, S., and Krauss, M.
- Subjects
Soil ,"Organics" in general ,Soil tillage - Abstract
Aggravation of weather extremes increases awareness of climate change consequences. Mitigation options are in demand that aim to reduce the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases. Amongst others, the conversion from ploughing to reduced tillage is argued to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks as an accumulation of SOC in topsoil layers is commonly reported. Yet, reviews and meta-analyses describe various results from significant increases to just a redistribution of SOC in the soil profile. Reasons can be found in different sampling depths, SOC and bulk density measurement procedure, and stock calculation (equivalent soil mass vs. equal sampling depth). Furthermore, few studies evaluated the impact of organic farming systems. In nine long-term experiments on tillage systems in temperate Europe (France, Germany, Netherlands, and Switzerland), a common soil sampling campaign took place in spring and autumn 2017, and spring 2018. All trials represent common mixed organic farming systems of the respective region and contain plots with conventional and reduced tillage practices. While climatic conditions are similar, soil types vary from sandy to clayey soils. We took three undisturbed soil cores with driving hammer probes (8 cm in diameter) in each plot (minimum 3 plots per treatment) to a maximum depth of 100 cm and divided the cores in the increments 0-30, 30-50, 50-70, and 70-100 cm. The topsoil (0-30 cm) was further divided into the different tillage depths of the respective trial. We determined bulk density and organic carbon concentration as main variables and soil texture and pH as co-variates for each sample and collected C-inputs for each plot in all trails on a yearly basis. Multivariate statistics will enable the comprehensive evaluation of tillage effects on SOC stocks up to a depth of 100 cm in organic long-term trials. Texture, trial age, and the co-variate C-input will be decisive for the development of SOC stocks and enable the evaluation of carbon sequestration potentials of agricultural soils through improved tillage practices.
- Published
- 2019
10. P1299 : Platelet alpha-granule release in liver regeneration after hepatectomy
- Author
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Starlinger, P., primary, Haegele, S., additional, Wanek, D., additional, Zikeli, S., additional, Offensperger, F., additional, Schauer, D., additional, Fleischmann, E., additional, Gruenberger, B., additional, Brostjan, C., additional, Gruenberger, T., additional, and Assinger, A., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Changes in surface reactivity and organic matter composition of clay subfractions with duration of fertilizer deprivation
- Author
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Kleber, Markus, Mertz, C., Zikeli, S., Knicker, Heike, Jahn, R., and German Research Foundation
- Abstract
11 pages, 4 figures, 5 tables, 29 references., Preservation of organic matter in soils depends on the chemical structure of organic compounds and on the surface properties of the mineral matrix. We tested the effect of mineral surface reactivity on organic matter decomposition by (i) investigating changes of organic matter composition in clay subfractions of an illitic Haplic Chernozem along a time series of fertilizer deprivation and (ii) simultaneously characterizing the reactivity of mineral surfaces. The soil was subjected to fertilizer deprivation for 18, 44 and 98 years, respectively. Mineral surface properties were characterized by selective dissolution of pedogenic oxides. The number of hydroxyls released after exposure to sodium fluoride was taken as an index for mineral surface reactivity. Organic soil constituents were determined by 13C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13C CPMAS NMR). Clay subfractions had different mineral surface properties. The coarse fractions have more reactive surfaces and contain more organic carbon than the fine clay fractions. Mineral surface properties are constant over time and are not affected by fertilizer deprivation. Surface reactivity is a function of iron oxide density and controls carbon concentrations in the clay subfractions. Within the time frame of our investigation, alkyl C and aromatic C responded to the duration of fertilizer deprivation, but were indifferent to mineral surface reactivity. O–alkyl C seems to be protected by interactions with pedogenic oxides., This work was financially supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SPP 1090, Kl 1139/3-1).
- Published
- 2004
12. Long-term copper application in an organic vineyard modifies spatial distribution of soil micro-organisms
- Author
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Mackie, K.A., primary, Müller, T., additional, Zikeli, S., additional, and Kandeler, E., additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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13. Zwischen Tradition und Globalisierung - Beiträge zur 9. Wissenschaftstagung Ökologischer Landbau - Band 1 und 2
- Author
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Zikeli, S., Claupein, W., Dabbert, S., Kaufmann, B., Müller, T., Valle Zárate, A., Zikeli, S., Claupein, W., Dabbert, S., Kaufmann, B., Müller, T., and Valle Zárate, A.
- Abstract
Der Tagungsband enthält die Beiträge zur Konferenz "Zwischen Tradition und Globslisierung - 9. Wissenschaftstagung Ökologischer Landbau 2007", die vom 20.-22. März 2007 an der Universität Hohenheim stattfand.
- Published
- 2007
14. N-Bilanzen ökologischer und konventioneller Praxisbetriebe in Norddeutsch-land – Ergebnisse aus dem Projekt COMPASS
- Author
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Zikeli, S., Claupein, W., Dabbert, S., Kaufmann, B., Müller, T., Valle Zarate, A., Kelm, Dr. Michael, Loges, Dr. Ralf, Taube, Prof. Dr. Friedhelm, Zikeli, S., Claupein, W., Dabbert, S., Kaufmann, B., Müller, T., Valle Zarate, A., Kelm, Dr. Michael, Loges, Dr. Ralf, and Taube, Prof. Dr. Friedhelm
- Abstract
Nutrient balances are important agri-environmental indicators, which describe the magnitude of potential nutrient losses from farming systems to the environment. In order to analyze production systems at the entire farm scale, nitrogen balances and other agri-environmental indicators were assessed on 32 organic and conventional farms in Northern Germany. On organic farms, nitrogen fixation of legumes was determined on representative fields. Irrespective of the specialization (all-arable farms, dairy farms), nitrogen surpluses were always pronouncedly lower on organic farms compared to conventional farms. Organic farms generally conducted a sustainable nutrient management. However, the total nitrogen supply at the farm scale was not sufficient on many organic arable farms.
- Published
- 2007
15. N-Auswaschung unter ökologisch und konventionell bewirtschafteten Praxisflächen in Norddeutschland – Ergebnisse aus dem Projekt COMPASS
- Author
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Zikeli, S., Claupein, W., Dabbert, S., Kaufmann, B., Müller, T., Valle Zarate, A., Kelm, Michael, Loges, Ralf, Taube, Friedhelm, Zikeli, S., Claupein, W., Dabbert, S., Kaufmann, B., Müller, T., Valle Zarate, A., Kelm, Michael, Loges, Ralf, and Taube, Friedhelm
- Abstract
Nitrogen (N) leaching, especially in the form of nitrate (NO3-), still represents a major environmental impact from agriculture. In order to estimate potential N leaching losses under conditions on commercial farms in Northern Germany, N leaching was analyzed by using ceramic suction cups on representative fields on eight organic and conventional farms. On dairy farms, permanent grassland and maize for silage were analyzed as the main fodder crops. On arable farms, one crop with a high risk and one with a low risk of N leaching losses were selected. On permanent grassland, N leaching was pronouncedly lower on organic farms. If grass/clover on organic farms was ploughed, high amounts of N were leached in the following winter, irrespective if grass/clover was ploughed in spring or in late summer. N management on organic farms, especially the management of crop residues, still needs to be improved to meet the N demand of crops and to reduce N losses.
- Published
- 2007
16. Changes in surface reactivity and organic matter composition of clay subfractions with duration of fertilizer deprivation
- Author
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German Research Foundation, Kleber, Markus, Mertz, C., Zikeli, S., Knicker, Heike, Jahn, R., German Research Foundation, Kleber, Markus, Mertz, C., Zikeli, S., Knicker, Heike, and Jahn, R.
- Abstract
Preservation of organic matter in soils depends on the chemical structure of organic compounds and on the surface properties of the mineral matrix. We tested the effect of mineral surface reactivity on organic matter decomposition by (i) investigating changes of organic matter composition in clay subfractions of an illitic Haplic Chernozem along a time series of fertilizer deprivation and (ii) simultaneously characterizing the reactivity of mineral surfaces. The soil was subjected to fertilizer deprivation for 18, 44 and 98 years, respectively. Mineral surface properties were characterized by selective dissolution of pedogenic oxides. The number of hydroxyls released after exposure to sodium fluoride was taken as an index for mineral surface reactivity. Organic soil constituents were determined by 13C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13C CPMAS NMR). Clay subfractions had different mineral surface properties. The coarse fractions have more reactive surfaces and contain more organic carbon than the fine clay fractions. Mineral surface properties are constant over time and are not affected by fertilizer deprivation. Surface reactivity is a function of iron oxide density and controls carbon concentrations in the clay subfractions. Within the time frame of our investigation, alkyl C and aromatic C responded to the duration of fertilizer deprivation, but were indifferent to mineral surface reactivity. O–alkyl C seems to be protected by interactions with pedogenic oxides.
- Published
- 2004
17. Production Process of a New Cellulosic Fiber with Antimicrobial Properties.
- Author
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Zikeli, S.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. SeaCell� Active - Die nat�rliche Cellulosefaser mit antimikrobiellen Eigenschaften.
- Author
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Hipler, U.- C., Zikeli, S., Elsner, P., and Fluhr, J. W.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Changes in surface reactivity and organic matter composition of clay subfractions with duration of fertilizer deprivation.
- Author
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Kleber, M., Mertz, C., Zikeli, S., Knicker, H., and Jahn, R.
- Subjects
SOILS ,SOIL composition ,HUMUS ,ORGANIC fertilizers ,FERTILIZERS ,CARBOHYDRATE content of soils - Abstract
Preservation of organic matter in soils depends on the chemical structure of organic compounds and on the surface properties of the mineral matrix. We tested the effect of mineral surface reactivity on organic matter decomposition by (i) investigating changes of organic matter composition in clay subfractions of an illitic Haplic Chernozem along a time series of fertilizer deprivation and (ii) simultaneously characterizing the reactivity of mineral surfaces. The soil was subjected to fertilizer deprivation for 18, 44 and 98 years, respectively. Mineral surface properties were characterized by selective dissolution of pedogenic oxides. The number of hydroxyls released after exposure to sodium fluoride was taken as an index for mineral surface reactivity. Organic soil constituents were determined by
13 C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13 C CPMAS NMR). Clay subfractions had different mineral surface properties. The coarse fractions have more reactive surfaces and contain more organic carbon than the fine clay fractions. Mineral surface properties are constant over time and are not affected by fertilizer deprivation. Surface reactivity is a function of iron oxide density and controls carbon concentrations in the clay subfractions. Within the time frame of our investigation, alkyl C and aromatic C responded to the duration of fertilizer deprivation, but were indifferent to mineral surface reactivity. O–alkyl C seems to be protected by interactions with pedogenic oxides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Data Gathering and Guidelines Based Interviews to identify possible factor to introduce new crops in Europe
- Author
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Zikeli, S. and Gruber, S.
- Subjects
2. Zero hunger - Abstract
Several attempts have been made in the past to introduce soybean in temperate regions of Europe, which, however, did not lead to a long-lasting establishment of soybean cropping systems in agricultural practice. Now it seems there is a break-through in some regions of Germany, Eastern France, Austria and Switzerland, maybe due to climate change, the breeding and availability of adapted varieties (0/00/000-varieties), the demand for GMO-free food and feed, and vegetarian/vegan food. It would be extremely useful to identify the possible factors for the introduction of a “new” crop: both lentil and soybeans are stories of success but probably due to different reasons. Other crops may be introduced in the future into European agriculture based on this knowledge.
21. N-Bilanzen ökologischer und konventioneller Praxisbetriebe in Norddeutsch-land – Ergebnisse aus dem Projekt COMPASS
- Author
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Kelm, Dr. Michael, Loges, Dr. Ralf, Taube, Prof. Dr. Friedhelm, Zikeli, S., Claupein, W., Dabbert, S., Kaufmann, B., Müller, T., and Valle Zarate, A.
- Subjects
animal diseases ,Air and water emissions - Abstract
Nutrient balances are important agri-environmental indicators, which describe the magnitude of potential nutrient losses from farming systems to the environment. In order to analyze production systems at the entire farm scale, nitrogen balances and other agri-environmental indicators were assessed on 32 organic and conventional farms in Northern Germany. On organic farms, nitrogen fixation of legumes was determined on representative fields. Irrespective of the specialization (all-arable farms, dairy farms), nitrogen surpluses were always pronouncedly lower on organic farms compared to conventional farms. Organic farms generally conducted a sustainable nutrient management. However, the total nitrogen supply at the farm scale was not sufficient on many organic arable farms.
- Published
- 2007
22. N-Auswaschung unter ökologisch und konventionell bewirtschafteten Praxisflächen in Norddeutschland – Ergebnisse aus dem Projekt COMPASS
- Author
-
Kelm, Michael, Loges, Ralf, Taube, Friedhelm, Zikeli, S., Claupein, W., Dabbert, S., Kaufmann, B., Müller, T., and Valle Zarate, A.
- Subjects
Air and water emissions - Abstract
Nitrogen (N) leaching, especially in the form of nitrate (NO3-), still represents a major environmental impact from agriculture. In order to estimate potential N leaching losses under conditions on commercial farms in Northern Germany, N leaching was analyzed by using ceramic suction cups on representative fields on eight organic and conventional farms. On dairy farms, permanent grassland and maize for silage were analyzed as the main fodder crops. On arable farms, one crop with a high risk and one with a low risk of N leaching losses were selected. On permanent grassland, N leaching was pronouncedly lower on organic farms. If grass/clover on organic farms was ploughed, high amounts of N were leached in the following winter, irrespective if grass/clover was ploughed in spring or in late summer. N management on organic farms, especially the management of crop residues, still needs to be improved to meet the N demand of crops and to reduce N losses.
- Published
- 2007
23. Agrivoltaics mitigate drought effects in winter wheat.
- Author
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Pataczek L, Weselek A, Bauerle A, Högy P, Lewandowski I, Zikeli S, and Schweiger A
- Subjects
- Seasons, Edible Grain, Crops, Agricultural, Water, Triticum physiology, Droughts
- Abstract
Climate change is expected to decrease water availability in many agricultural production areas around the globe. At the same time renewable energy concepts such as agrivoltaics (AV) are necessary to manage the energy transition. Several studies showed that evapotranspiration can be reduced in AV systems, resulting in increased water availability for crops. However, effects on crop performance and productivity remain unclear to date. Carbon-13 isotopic composition (δ
13 C and discrimination against carbon-13) can be used as a proxy for the effects of water availability on plant performance, integrating crop responses over the entire growing season. The aim of this study was to assess these effects via carbon isotopic composition in grains, as well as grain yield of winter wheat in an AV system in southwest Germany. Crops were cultivated over four seasons from 2016-2020 in the AV system and on an unshaded adjacent reference (REF) site. Across all seasons, average grain yield did not significantly differ between AV and REF (4.7 vs 5.2 t ha-1 ), with higher interannual yield stability in the AV system. However, δ13 C as well as carbon-13 isotope discrimination differed significantly across the seasons by 1‰ (AV: -29.0‰ vs REF: -28.0‰ and AV: 21.6‰ vs REF: 20.6‰) between the AV system and the REF site. These drought mitigation effects as indicated by the results of this study will become crucial for the resilience of agricultural production in the near future when drought events will become significantly more frequent and severe., (© 2023 The Authors. Physiologia Plantarum published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. The persistent effects of corticosterone administration during lactation on the physiology of maternal and offspring mitochondria.
- Author
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Yap KN, Andreasen VA, Williams AS, Yamada KY, Zikeli S, Kavazis AN, and Hood WR
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Mice, Reproduction physiology, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondria, Corticosterone pharmacology, Lactation
- Abstract
Reproduction and environmental stressors are generally thought to be associated with a cost to the individual experiencing them, but the physiological mechanisms mediating costs of reproduction and maternal effects remain poorly understood. Studies examining the effects of environmental stressors on a female's physiological state and body condition during reproduction, as well as the physiological condition of offspring, have yielded equivocal results. Mitochondrial physiology and oxidative stress have been implicated as important mediators of life-history trade-offs. The goal of this investigation was to uncover the physiological mechanisms responsible for the enhanced trade-off between self-maintenance and offspring investment when an animal is exposed to stressful conditions during reproduction. To that end, we manipulated circulating corticosterone (CORT) levels by orally supplementing lactating female mice with CORT and investigated mitochondrial physiology and oxidative stress of both the reproductive females and their young. We found that maternal CORT exposure resulted in lower litter mass at weaning, but mitochondrial performance and oxidative status of females were not impacted. We also found potential beneficial effects of maternal CORT on mitochondrial function (e.g. higher respiratory control ratio) and oxidative stress (e.g. lower reactive oxygen species production) of offspring in adulthood, suggesting that elevated maternal CORT may be a signal for early-life adversity and prepare the organism with a predictive, adaptive response to future stressors., Competing Interests: Competing interests The authors declare no competing or financial interests., (© 2022. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Assessment of elevated CO 2 concentrations and heat stress episodes in soybean cultivars growing in heavy metal polluted soils: Crop nutritional quality and food safety.
- Author
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Blanco A, Högy P, Zikeli S, Pignata ML, and Rodriguez JH
- Subjects
- Cadmium analysis, Carbon Dioxide, Food Safety, Heat-Shock Response, Lead, Nutritive Value, Soil, Glycine max, Metals, Heavy analysis, Soil Pollutants analysis
- Abstract
The present study evaluated the interactive effects of global change and heavy metals on the growth and development of three soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivars and the consequences on yield and food safety. Soybean cultivars (Alim 3.14 from Argentina, and ES Mentor and Sigalia, from Germany) were grown until maturity in heavy metals polluted soils from the Rhine Valley, Germany, at two CO
2 concentrations (400 and 550 ppm) and heat stress (HS) episodes (9 days with 10 °C higher than maximum regular temperature) during the critical growth period in controlled environmental chambers. Different morpho-physiological parameters, heavy metal concentration in aerial organs, seed quality parameters, and toxicological index were recorded. The results showed that no morphological differences were observed related to CO2 . Moreover, Alim 3.14 showed the highest yield under control conditions, but it was more sensitive to climatic conditions than the German cultivars, especially to heat stress which strongly reduces the biomass of the fruits. Heavy metals concentration in soil exceeds the legislation limits for agricultural soils for Cd and Pb, with 1.6 and 487 mg kg-1 respectively. In all cultivars, soybeans accumulated Cd in its aerial organs, and it could be translocated to fruits. Cd concentration in seeds ranged between 0.6 and 2.4 mg kg-1 , which exceed legislation limits and with toxicological risk to potential Chinese consumers. Pb levels were lower than Cd in seeds (0.03-0.17 mg kg-1 ), and the accumulation were concentrated in the vegetative organs, with 93% of the Pb incorporated. Moreover, pods accumulated 11 times more Pb than seeds, which suggests that they act as a barrier to the passage of Pb to their offspring. These results evidence that soybean can easily translocate Cd, but not Pb, to reproductive organs. No regular patterns were observed in relation to climatic influence on heavy metal uptake., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Evaluating endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response through the lens of ecology and evolution.
- Author
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Yap KN, Yamada K, Zikeli S, Kiaris H, and Hood WR
- Subjects
- Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Apoptosis, Unfolded Protein Response, Endoplasmic Reticulum metabolism, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
- Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in understanding the physiological basis for variation in the life-history patterns of animals, particularly with regard to the roles of oxidative stress and hormonal regulation. However, an underappreciated and understudied area that could play a role in mediating inter- and intraspecific variation of life history is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and the resulting unfolded protein response (UPR
ER ). ER stress response and the UPRER maintain proteostasis in cells by reducing the intracellular load of secretory proteins and enhancing protein folding capacity or initiating apoptosis in cells that cannot recover. Proper modulation of the ER stress response and execution of the UPRER allow animals to respond to intracellular and extracellular stressors and adapt to constantly changing environments. ER stress responses are heritable and there is considerable individual variation in UPRER phenotype in animals, suggesting that ER stress and UPRER phenotype can be subjected to natural selection. The variation in UPRER phenotype presumably reflects the way animals respond to ER stress and environmental challenges. Most of what we know about ER stress and the UPRER in animals has either come from biomedical studies using cell culture or from experiments involving conventional laboratory or agriculturally important models that exhibit limited genetic diversity. Furthermore, these studies involve the assessment of experimentally induced qualitative changes in gene expression as opposed to the quantitative variations that occur in naturally existing populations. Almost all of these studies were conducted in controlled settings that are often quite different from the conditions animals experience in nature. Herein, we review studies that investigated ER stress and the UPRER in relation to key life-history traits including growth and development, reproduction, bioenergetics and physical performance, and ageing and senescence. We then ask if these studies can inform us about the role of ER stress and the UPRER in mediating the aforementioned life-history traits in free-living animals. We propose that there is a need to conduct experiments pertaining to ER stress and the UPRER in ecologically relevant settings, to characterize variation in ER stress and the UPRER in free-living animals, and to relate the observed variation to key life-history traits. We urge others to integrate multiple physiological systems and investigate how interactions between ER stress and oxidative stress shape life-history trade-offs in free-living animals., (© 2020 Cambridge Philosophical Society.)- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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27. DIVERSE BARTONELLA SPP. DETECTED IN WHITE-TAILED DEER ( ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS ) AND ASSOCIATED KEDS ( LIPOPTENA MAZAMAE ) IN THE SOUTHEASTERN USA.
- Author
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Izenour K, Zikeli S, Kalalah A, Ditchkoff SS, Starkey LA, Wang C, and Zohdy S
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Wild, Bartonella classification, Bartonella genetics, Diptera microbiology, Male, Phylogeny, Bartonella isolation & purification, Deer microbiology
- Abstract
There are many known species of Bartonella , Gram-negative bacteria that can cause febrile illness and fatality in humans and animals. These pathogens are often transmitted through hematophagous arthropod vectors such as fleas and lice. Despite increasing awareness about Bartonella spp. and their zoonotic potential, as well as existing literature on Bartonella spp. in cervids, little is known about the diversity of Bartonella spp. in white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) and their associated keds in the southeastern US. We examined the prevalence and diversity of Bartonella spp. in an enclosed herd of white-tailed deer and their ectoparasites, deer keds ( Lipoptena mazamae ), in Alabama. The overall prevalence of Bartonella infection in this population of deer was 16% (10/63) and 24% (23/96) in keds associated with deer that we sampled. Three species of Bartonella were identified in both deer and their keds: Bartonella bovis , Bartonella schoenbuchensis , and Bartonella sp. 1. Additionally, Bartonella melophagi was detected in white-tailed deer but not in the sampled keds. The detection of four Bartonella species in one population of white-tailed deer, three of which have known zoonotic potential, highlights the importance of Bartonella diversity within host species.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Heritability and Variability of Quality Parameters of Tomatoes in Outdoor Production.
- Author
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Zörb C, Piepho HP, Zikeli S, and Horneburg B
- Abstract
The tomato is the most important vegetable globally. In England, outdoor tomatoes are widely grown by amateur gardeners, with the number of their allotment plots exceeding 150000. For instance, in Germany, only about 16% of tomato plants are cultivated according to organic standards, although these rates are expected to increase. Breeding for yield and fruit quality can increase resource efficiency. Therefore, we need to evaluate the variability of yield and fruit quality parameters, to calculate the heritability of these traits and to identify superior genotypes for organic outdoor tomato production and breeding. With these aims, we grew 24 tomato genotypes of diverse origins in a two-year field trial. The heritability of quality traits such as glucose, fructose, organic acid, and lycopene was high. The medium heritability for yield suggests that trials with a larger number of locations are needed for the reliable selection of this character. Negative correlations of sugar concentrations with fruit weight and of organic acid concentration with fruit weight and yield suggest trade-offs in breeding for larger fruits and higher yields. Breeding for increased lycopene content is not subject to these challenges; the concentrations of the primary metabolite sugars and organic acids are positively correlated., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Christian Zörb et al.)
- Published
- 2020
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29. Is Bhutan destined for 100% organic? Assessing the economy-wide effects of a large-scale conversion policy.
- Author
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Feuerbacher A, Luckmann J, Boysen O, Zikeli S, and Grethe H
- Subjects
- Bhutan, Food Supply, Models, Theoretical, Nitrogen metabolism, Organic Agriculture legislation & jurisprudence, Policy, Soil chemistry, Crop Production economics, Organic Agriculture economics
- Abstract
Organic agriculture (OA) is considered a strategy to make agriculture more sustainable. Bhutan has embraced the ambitious goal of becoming the world's first 100% organic nation. By analysing recent on-farm data in Bhutan, we found organic crop yields on average to be 24% lower than conventional yields. Based on these yield gaps, we assess the effects of the 100% organic conversion policy by employing an economy-wide computable general equilibrium (CGE) model with detailed representation of Bhutan's agricultural sector incorporating agroecological zones, crop nutrients, and field operations. Despite a low dependency on agrochemicals from the onset of this initiative, we find a considerable reduction in Bhutan's GDP, substantial welfare losses, particularly for non-agricultural households, and adverse impacts on food security. The yield gap is the main driver for a strong decline in domestic agricultural production, which is largely compensated by increased food imports, resulting in a weakening of the country's cereal self-sufficiency. Current organic by default farming practices in Bhutan are still underdeveloped and do not apply the systems approach of organic farming as defined in the IFOAM organic farming standards. This is reflected in the strong decline of nitrogen (N) availability to crops in our simulation and bears potential for increased yields in OA. Improvement of soil-fertility practices, e.g., the adoption of N-fixing crops, improved animal husbandry systems with increased provision of animal manure and access to markets with price premium for organic products could help to lower the economic cost of the large-scale conversion., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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30. Agronomic performance of new open pollinated experimental lines of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) evaluated under organic farming.
- Author
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Sahamishirazi S, Moehring J, Zikeli S, Fleck M, Claupein W, and Graeff-Hoenninger S
- Subjects
- Biomass, Germany, Random Allocation, Seasons, Brassica genetics, Brassica growth & development, Crops, Agricultural genetics, Crops, Agricultural growth & development, Organic Agriculture methods, Plant Breeding methods, Pollination
- Abstract
In order to develop new open pollinating cultivars of broccoli for organic farming, two experiments were conducted during fall 2015 and spring 2016. This study was aimed at comparing the agronomic performance of eleven new open pollinating breeding lines of broccoli to introduce new lines and to test their seasonal suitability for organic farming. Field experiments were carried out at the organic research station Kleinhohenheim of the University of Hohenheim (Stuttgart-Germany). Different agronomic traits total biomass fresh weight, head fresh weight, head diameter, hollow-stem, fresh weight harvest index and marketable yield were assessed together with commercial control cultivars. The data from both experiments were analyzed using a two-stage mixed model approach. In our study, genotype, growing season and their interaction had significant effects on most traits. Plants belonging to the fall growing season had bigger sizes in comparison to spring with significantly (p< 0.0001) higher biomass fresh weight. Some experimental lines had significant lower head fresh weight in spring in comparison to the fall season. The high temperature during the harvest period for the spring season affected the yield negatively through decreasing the firmness of broccoli heads. The low average minimum temperatures during the spring growing season lead to low biomass fresh weight but high fresh weight harvest index. Testing the seasonal suitability of all open pollinating lines showed that the considered fall season was better for broccoli production. However, the change in yield between the fall and the spring growing season was not significant for "Line 701" and "CHE-MIC". Considering the expression of different agronomic traits, "CHE-GRE-G", "Calinaro" and "CAN-SPB" performed the best in the fall growing season, and "CHE-GRE-G", "CHE-GRE-A", "CHE-BAL-A" and "CHE-MIC" and "Line 701" were best in the spring growing season, specifically due to the highest marketable yield and proportion of marketable heads.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Development of a near-infrared spectroscopy method (NIRS) for fast analysis of total, indolic, aliphatic and individual glucosinolates in new bred open pollinating genotypes of broccoli (Brassica oleracea convar. botrytis var. italica).
- Author
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Sahamishirazi S, Zikeli S, Fleck M, Claupein W, and Graeff-Hoenninger S
- Subjects
- Genotype, Brassica chemistry, Glucosinolates analysis, Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared methods
- Abstract
This study describes the development of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration to determine individual and total glucosinolates (GSLs) content of 12 new-bred open-pollinating genotypes of broccoli (Brassica oleracea convar. botrytis var. italica). Six individual GSLs were identified using high-performance-liquid chromatography (HPLC). The NIRS calibration was established based on modified partial least squares regression with reference values of HPLC. The calibration was analyzed using coefficient of determination in prediction (R
2 ) and ratio of preference of determination (RPD). Large variation occurred in the calibrations, R2 and RPD due to the variability of the samples. Derived calibrations for total-GSLs, aliphatic-GSLs, glucoraphanin and 4-methoxyglucobrassicin were quantitative with a high accuracy (RPD=1.36, 1.65, 1.63, 1.11) while, for indole-GSLs, glucosinigrin, glucoiberin, glucobrassicin and 1-methoxyglucobrassicin were more qualitative (RPD=0.95, 0.62, 0.67, 0.81, 0.56). Overall, the results indicated NIRS has a good potential to determine different GSLs in a large sample pool of broccoli quantitatively and qualitatively., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2017
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- View/download PDF
32. Evidence for serotonin as a relevant inducer of liver regeneration after liver resection in humans.
- Author
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Starlinger P, Assinger A, Haegele S, Wanek D, Zikeli S, Schauer D, Birner P, Fleischmann E, Gruenberger B, Brostjan C, and Gruenberger T
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cholangiocarcinoma surgery, Colorectal Neoplasms secondary, Colorectal Neoplasms surgery, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Morbidity, Postoperative Period, Preoperative Period, Prospective Studies, Serotonin blood, Young Adult, Blood Platelets metabolism, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular surgery, Hepatectomy, Liver Neoplasms surgery, Liver Regeneration physiology, Serotonin metabolism
- Abstract
Unlabelled: Liver regeneration (LR) involves a complex interplay of growth factors and antagonists. In this context, platelet-derived serotonin (5-HT) has been identified as a critical inducer of LR in mice. Clinical evidence for a role of 5-HT in LR in humans is lacking. Accordingly, serum and plasma 5-HT was monitored perioperatively in 60 patients undergoing liver resection, of which 35 served as exploration and 25 as validation sets. Intraplatelet (IP) levels of 5-HT were calculated by subtraction of plasma 5-HT from serum values. Serum markers of liver function were used to evaluate LR and liver dysfunction (LD). In the exploration setting, IP 5-HT levels significantly decreased after liver resection (P < 0.001) and gradually recovered during the first week. IP 5-HT measured before surgery specifically predicted LD in the subsequent 7 days (area under the curve: 0.721; P = 0.029). Patients suffering from postoperative LD and morbidity were found to have reduced IP 5-HT levels during the entire perioperative period. Furthermore, we validated that reduced preoperative IP 5-HT (<73 ng/mL) was associated with an increased incidence of postoperative LD and morbidity (P = 0.045 and P = 0.021) and were able to demonstrate that IP 5-HT levels were an independent predictor of poor clinical outcome., Conclusions: These findings provide evidence that IP 5-HT correlates with LR in humans: Patients with low IP 5-HT before liver resection suffered from delayed hepatic regeneration. Therefore, IP 5-HT levels may prove a helpful clinical marker to predict postoperative LD and clinical outcome before hepatic resection and initiate suitable interventions., (© 2014 by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.)
- Published
- 2014
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33. Clinical evidence for thrombospondin-1 as a relevant suppressor of liver regeneration.
- Author
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Starlinger P, Schauer D, Alidzanovic L, Zikeli S, Gebhardt K, Luf F, Fleischmann E, Perisanidis B, Gruenberger B, Gruenberger T, and Brostjan C
- Subjects
- Case-Control Studies, Cohort Studies, Colorectal Neoplasms pathology, Hepatectomy, Humans, Length of Stay, Liver physiopathology, Liver surgery, Postoperative Period, Liver Neoplasms secondary, Liver Neoplasms surgery, Liver Regeneration physiology, Thrombospondin 1 physiology
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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