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Cubic Cu2O film with predominant (111) orientation electrodeposited on Cu foam shows high nitrate reduction efficiency and selectivity for nitrogen gas.

Background: Only a few studies have analyzed functional predictive factors for inferior outcomes after modified Broström procedure (MBP). The aim of the current study is to identify the influence of the preoperative dynamic reach deficit on the surgical outcomes of MBP. Methods: Sixty-one patients with lateral ankle instability who underwent MBP were included in the current study and followed up for a median of 24 months. The Karlsson scores and the reaches of the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) were evaluated before surgery and during the last follow-up. A total of 19 prognostic factors were analyzed. The relationship between the variables and inferior outcomes (Karlsson score < 90) in the bivariate analysis was tested through the Mann-Whitney U test or the Fisher exact test. A multivariate logistic regression model was developed to investigate the influence of the selected factors on inferior outcomes. Results: Thirty-two of the patients had superior outcomes, and the rest had inferior outcomes. The age, gender, and body mass index of the groups with superior and inferior outcomes did not differ. Preoperative dynamic reach deficit ( P = .032), osteochondral lesion of the talus ( P = .004), and decreased preoperative Karlsson score ( P = .004) were independent predictors of inferior outcomes. Conclusion: Patients with preoperative dynamic reach deficit, osteochondral lesion of the talus, or decreased preoperative Karlsson score have inferior outcomes after MBP. Level of Evidence: Level III, case-control study.

Background Hospitalization is a significant outcome measurement for maintenance hemodialysis pantients. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), created by gut microflora from dietary l-carnitine and choline, cleared by the kidney, has been implicated in the causation of cardiovascular diseases in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, whether it associates with hospitalization risk for these patients is unclear. Methods In this study, 69 patients undergoing outpatient dialysis were enrolled. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantitate the baseline plasma TMAO levels in patients. The patients were divided into a high TMAO level group (TMAO ≥ 15 μmol/L) and a low TMAO level group (TMAO < 15 μmol/L). During the 1-year follow-up, 1-year dialysis-related data and all-cause hospitalization events were recorded. Results The incidence of hospitalization events was significantly higher in the high TMAO level group than in the low TMAO level group (91 per 100 patient-year vs. 32 per 100 patient-year). The Kaplain–Meier survaial analysis showed that the incidence of hospitalization events in the high TMAO level group was significantly higher than that in the low TMAO level group (log-rank p = 0.0004). After adjustment age, sex, CK-MB and albumin, the results of multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that high TMAO level was an independent risk factor for hospitalization in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Conclusion TMAO is an independent risk factor for hospitalization events in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. It may be a new therapeutic target for improving the outcomes of these patients.

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate (1) the association of blood pressure (BP) profiles and glucose profiles with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and (2) the interaction between BP profiles and glucose profiles in DR in a Chinese sample. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 984 DR patients. Demographic data, BP profiles, glucose profiles, renal function parameters, and medical histories were recorded. All the participants underwent testing for DR with digital nonmydriatic fundus photography and image analysis, using a standardized protocol. A multiple variable logistic regression (MLR) was employed to detect the associations and interactions of BP profiles and glucose profiles with DR. Results: Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were significantly correlated with DR ([Formula: see text] for SBP, [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text] for HbA1c, [Formula: see text]). An interaction between SBP and HbA1c was detected in a multiple logistic regression (MLR) model after adjustment for relevant potential confounders ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). Conclusion: The present study suggested that SBP and HbA1c were independently and significantly associated with DR and that SBP interacted with HbA1c to impact on DR.

Objective: This study aimed at investigating the association between dyslipidemia and body constitution of traditional Chinese medicine (BCTCM) may be clinically meaningful for the early diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia. Methods: More than 4,000 participants were invited to a screening visit between 2011 and 2014, and 3,748 participants were available for data analysis. All study subjects underwent complete clinical baseline characteristics evaluation. Differences were determined using one-way analysis and [Formula: see text] analysis. Univariate regression analyses and multiple-variable logistic regressions (MLRs) determined the association between BCTCM variables and outcomes. Results: In the dyslipidemia group, the Qi-deficient and Yang-deficient types accounted for more participants than others, and these two types were significantly associated with the outcome ([Formula: see text]). MLRs detected significant associations between the Qi-deficient and Yang-deficient types with dyslipidemia ([Formula: see text] for the two), and their odds ratios (ORs) for dyslipidemia were 1.211 and 1.234, respectively. Conclusion: Qi-deficient and Yang-deficient types are independently and significantly associated with dyslipidemia. Participants with Qi-deficient and Yang-deficient constitutions have a higher incidence of dyslipidemia.

Objective: We report on the association between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution and diabetes mellitus (DM) and provide epidemiological evidence for the theory of correlation between constitution and disease.Methods: A total of 3748 participants were used for data analysis, and all study subjects underwent a complete clinical baseline characteristics evaluation to collect related information. DM was determined by an oral glucose tolerance test. Multiple logistic regression (MLR) models were employed to detect the associations.Results: In total, 16.84% of the participants had DM in the total sample. Significant differences were found in age, height, weight, and heart rate, between the DM and non-DM groups. Univariate linear regression analyses indicated that the variables Qi_Deficient and Yang_Deficient were significantly associated with the outcome, and a negative correlation between TCM constitution and DM was found. After adjustment for relevant potential confounding factors, the MLR detected significant associations between both the Qi_Deficient and Yang_Deficient variables and DM ([Formula: see text]-value [Formula: see text] 0.015 for Qi_Deficient and [Formula: see text]-value [Formula: see text] for Yang_Deficient). In Qi_Deficient and Yin_Deficient participants, the odds ratios (ORs) for DM were 0.778 and 0.646, respectively.Conclusion: Qi_Deficient and Yang_Deficient were significantly associated with DM. These findings may provide insights for clinical practice for the prevention and diagnosis of DM.

Introduction Inhaled glucocorticoid Corticosteroids(ICS), long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonists(LABA)and other drugs have limited therapeutic effects on COPD with significant individual differences. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) modified Bushen Yiqi formulas༈MBYF༉demonstrates advantages in COPD management in China. This study aims to confirm the related genes affecting the therapeutic effect in the treatment of COPD and evaluate the efficacy and safety of MBYF as an add-on to budesonide/ formoterol on COPD patients. Methods and analysis In this multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, eligible patients with COPD will randomly receive 360-day placebo or MBYF as an add-on to budesonide/ formoterol in 1:1 ratio, and followed-up bimonthly. The primary outcomes are frequency, times and severity of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD), COPD assessment test (CAT) score, pulmonary function tests(PFTs). The secondary outcomes include the modified medical research council (mMRC) dyspnea scale、six minutes walking test (6MWT)、BODE index、quantitative scores of TCM syndrome、inflammation indexes and hypothalamic pituitary adrenaline (HPA) axis function. We also test the genotype to find the relationship between drugs and efficacy. All the data will be recorded in case report forms(CRFs) and analyzed by SPSS V.20.0. Trial registration number ChiCTR1900026124, Prospective registration. Protocol version 2019-09-15

Background Integrative medicine is a form of medicine that combines practices and treatments from alternative medicine with conventional medicine. The diagnosis in integrative medicine involves the clinical diagnosis based on modern medicine and syndrome pattern diagnosis. Electronic medical records (EMRs) are the systematized collection of patients health information stored in a digital format that can be shared across different health care settings. Although syndrome and sign information or relative information can be extracted from the EMR and content texts can be mapped to computability vectors using natural language processing techniques, application of artificial intelligence techniques to support physicians in medical practices remains a major challenge. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate model-based reasoning (MBR) algorithms for the clinical diagnosis in integrative medicine based on EMRs and natural language processing. We also estimated the associations among the factors of sample size, number of syndrome pattern type, and diagnosis in modern medicine using the MBR algorithms. Methods A total of 14,075 medical records of clinical cases were extracted from the EMRs as the development data set, and an external test data set consisting of 1000 medical records of clinical cases was extracted from independent EMRs. MBR methods based on word embedding, machine learning, and deep learning algorithms were developed for the automatic diagnosis of syndrome pattern in integrative medicine. MBR algorithms combining rule-based reasoning (RBR) were also developed. A standard evaluation metrics consisting of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score was used for the performance estimation of the methods. The association analyses were conducted on the sample size, number of syndrome pattern type, and diagnosis of lung diseases with the best algorithms. Results The Word2Vec convolutional neural network (CNN) MBR algorithms showed high performance (accuracy of 0.9586 in the test data set) in the syndrome pattern diagnosis of lung diseases. The Word2Vec CNN MBR combined with RBR also showed high performance (accuracy of 0.9229 in the test data set). The diagnosis of lung diseases could enhance the performance of the Word2Vec CNN MBR algorithms. Each group sample size and syndrome pattern type affected the performance of these algorithms. Conclusions The MBR methods based on Word2Vec and CNN showed high performance in the syndrome pattern diagnosis of lung diseases in integrative medicine. The parameters of each group’s sample size, syndrome pattern type, and diagnosis of lung diseases were associated with the performance of the methods. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03274908; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03274908

Introduction: We sought to investigate the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes and their elements among bronchiectasis patients using real-world data. Methods: A real-world study was performed to explore the relationship between TCM syndrome and bronchiectasis using electronic medical information from 1,113 patients in China. Factor analyses were used to reduce the dimensions of TCM syndrome elements and to detect common factors. Additionally, cluster analyses were employed to assess combinations of TCM syndrome elements. Finally, association rule analyses were performed to investigate the structures of TCM syndrome elements in order to estimate the patterns of TCM syndromes.Results: A total of 17 TCM syndrome elements were extracted using this method. There were four Shi TCM syndromes of Tan_Re_Yong_Fei (36.39%), Tan_Zhuo_Zu_Fei (12.94%), Gan_Huo_Fan_Fei (11.59%), and Feng_Re_Fan_Fei (11.32%) with >5.0% distribution frequency in total sample. The highest Xu TCM syndrome was Fei_Yin_Xu (18.24%). Factor analysis, cluster analysis, and association rule analysis found that Tan, Huo, Feng, Yin_Xu, Fei, and Gan were the core TCM syndrome elements.Conclusion: In this study, TCM Shi syndromes of Tan_Re_Yong_Fei, Tan_Zhuo_Zu_Fei, Gan_Huo_Fan_Fei, and Feng_Re_Fan_Fei were detected with a high frequency among bronchiectasis patients using real-world data, as was the TCM core Xu syndrome of Fei_Yin_Xu. The core elements of Huo, Tan, Feng, Yin_Xu, Fei and Gan were found across the entire sample.

Background Systemic glucocorticoids are effective for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation but have serious adverse effects. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can bring additional benefits to these patients but has few adverse effects. The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Jia Wei Bushen Yiqi (JWBY) formulas in patients who suffer from COPD exacerbations and to investigate whether the short-term (5-days) systemic glucocorticoid therapy is non-inferior to the long-term (9-day) regime. Methods In this multi-center, randomized, double-blinded trial, eligible inpatients with COPD exacerbation are randomly assigned to four groups (A, B, C, and D). Group A will receive placebo plus 5-day prednisone, group B will receive placebo plus 9-day prednisone, group C will receive JWBY formulas plus 5-day prednisone, and group D will receive JWBY formulas plus 9-day prednisone. The primary outcomes are the time interval to the patient’s next exacerbation during a 180-day following up and the COPD assessment test (CAT) during treatment. Secondary outcomes include lung function, TCM syndrome assessment, laboratory tests, and safety. The changes of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenaline axis (HPA axis) and inflammatory cytokine will be measured as well. Discussion By demonstrating the advantages of utilizing TCM and an appropriate duration of systemic glucocorticoids, this effectiveness comparison trial will provide new references to physicians on how to improve the management of COPD exacerbation. The results of HPA axis and inflammation cytokine measurements will shed light on the molecular mechanisms and entail further mechanism studies. Trial registration www.chictr.org.cn ChiCTR1900023364. Registered on 24 May 2019.

BACKGROUND Integrative medicine is a form of medicine that combines practices and treatments from alternative medicine with conventional medicine. The diagnosis in integrative medicine involves the clinical diagnosis based on modern medicine and syndrome pattern diagnosis. Electronic medical records (EMRs) are the systematized collection of patients health information stored in a digital format that can be shared across different health care settings. Although syndrome and sign information or relative information can be extracted from the EMR and content texts can be mapped to computability vectors using natural language processing techniques, application of artificial intelligence techniques to support physicians in medical practices remains a major challenge. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate model-based reasoning (MBR) algorithms for the clinical diagnosis in integrative medicine based on EMRs and natural language processing. We also estimated the associations among the factors of sample size, number of syndrome pattern type, and diagnosis in modern medicine using the MBR algorithms. METHODS A total of 14,075 medical records of clinical cases were extracted from the EMRs as the development data set, and an external test data set consisting of 1000 medical records of clinical cases was extracted from independent EMRs. MBR methods based on word embedding, machine learning, and deep learning algorithms were developed for the automatic diagnosis of syndrome pattern in integrative medicine. MBR algorithms combining rule-based reasoning (RBR) were also developed. A standard evaluation metrics consisting of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score was used for the performance estimation of the methods. The association analyses were conducted on the sample size, number of syndrome pattern type, and diagnosis of lung diseases with the best algorithms. RESULTS The Word2Vec convolutional neural network (CNN) MBR algorithms showed high performance (accuracy of 0.9586 in the test data set) in the syndrome pattern diagnosis of lung diseases. The Word2Vec CNN MBR combined with RBR also showed high performance (accuracy of 0.9229 in the test data set). The diagnosis of lung diseases could enhance the performance of the Word2Vec CNN MBR algorithms. Each group sample size and syndrome pattern type affected the performance of these algorithms. CONCLUSIONS The MBR methods based on Word2Vec and CNN showed high performance in the syndrome pattern diagnosis of lung diseases in integrative medicine. The parameters of each group’s sample size, syndrome pattern type, and diagnosis of lung diseases were associated with the performance of the methods. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03274908; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03274908

BackgroundThe study aimed to explore the factors associated with the mortality of sepsis and to develop prognosis models for predicting outcomes based on real-world data in China. Methods: Data regarding sepsis patients’ medical records were extracted from the hospital information systems in four hospitals. The data included general information, laboratory tests, score systems, and supportive treatment for sepsis. In total, 507 medical records with complete data were available for data analysis. Multiple variable regression (MR) analysis used to explore associations, and to develop prognosis modelsResultsThe mortality of sepsis was 0.3124 in the total sample. A univariate analysis indicated 23 variables significantly associated with the mortality of sepsis (p 3-, IMV, and ALB. Prognosis models with a high performance were developed. (Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCTNCT03883061 retrospectively registered 19 Mar 2019.)

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate model-based reasoning (MBR) algorithms for the diagnosis of integrative medicine based on electronic medical records (EMRs) and natural language processing.MethodsA total of 14,075 medical records of clinical cases were extracted from the EMRs as the development dataset, and an external test dataset consisting of 1,000 medical records of clinical cases was extracted from independent EMRs. MBR methods based on word embedding, machine learning, and deep learning algorithms were developed for the automatic diagnosis of syndrome pattern in integrative medicine. MBR algorithms combining rule-based reasoning (RBR) were also developed. A standard evaluation metrics consisting of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score were used for the performance estimation of the methods. The association analyses were conducted on the sample size, number of syndrome pattern type, and diagnosis of lung diseases with the best algorithms.ResultsThe Word2Vec CNN MBR algorithms showed high performance (accuracy of 0.9586 in the test dataset) in the syndrome pattern diagnosis. The Word2Vec CNN MBR combined with RBR also showed high performance (accuracy of 0.9229 in the test dataset). The diagnosis of lung diseases could enhance the performance of the Word2Vec CNN MBR algorithms. Each group sample size and syndrome pattern type affected the performance of these algorithms.ConclusionThe MBR methods based on Word2Vec and CNN showed high performance in the syndrome pattern diagnosis in integrative medicine in lung diseases. The parameters of each group sample size, syndrome pattern type, and diagnosis of lung diseases were associated with the performance of the methods.Strengths and limitations of this studyA novel application of artificial intelligence – natural language processing approaches on diagnosis of integrative medicineA study of medical artificial intelligence based on real-world data of electronic medical recordsMultiple approaches on artificial intelligence to include traditional machine learning algorithms, neural network, and deep learning algorithmsRule-based combining model-based reasoning to be explored in this dataset

To verify the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory that kidney-Qi deficiency (KQD) is considered to be the main cause of aging using cross-sectional study.Demographic and lifestyle characteristics of 90 healthy participants were collected with a self-administered questionnaire. KQD syndrome was diagnosed according to Deng's diagnosis standard. Creatinine-adjusted urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) and 8-isomeric-prostaglandin2α (8-iso-PGF2α), salivary advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), malondialdehyde (MDA) and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) were selected as aging markers and measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.No significant differences were observed in participant characteristics between the KQD group and non-KQD (NKQD) group (P0.05). Levels of 8-OH-dG, 8-iso-PGF2α, AOPPs, and MDA increased with age, except for a slight decrease in 8-OH-dG in the older group. The increase in 8-iso-PGF2α was significant (P0.05). DHEA-S significantly decreased with increasing age (P0.01). 8-OH-dG levels were higher in the KQD group compared with the NKQD group. Levels of urinary 8-iso-PGF2α, salivary AOPPs, and MDA in the KQD group were lower than in the NKQD group. Salivary DHEA-S was higher in the KQD group compared with the NKQD group. However, differences between KQD group and NKQD group were not significant.The current results suggested that KQD syndrome, as diagnosed by Deng's standard, does not underlie the aging phenotype.

Additional file 1.

Introduction: This study aimed to explore the associations between constitutions of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods: A large-scale, community-based, cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the associations. A total of 3,748 participants were available for analysis in this study. The assessment of the constitution of TCM was based on recommendations by the Association for Chinese Medicine in China. In this study, a diagnosis of CAD was based on self-reported medical history. The associations were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression (MLR).Results: Univariate analysis showed Phlegm–dampness, Qi-deficiency, Yang-deficiency and Yin-deficiency constitutions were significantly associated with CAD, respectively ([Formula: see text] for Phlegm–dampness, [Formula: see text] for Qi-deficiency, [Formula: see text] for Yang-deficiency and [Formula: see text] for Yin-deficiency). Furthermore, MLR demonstrated significant associations among the four constitutions and CAD, after controlling for potential confounding factors (Phlegm–dampness: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]; Qi-deficient: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], Yang-Deficient: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]; Yin-deficient: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). As compared with Neutral participants, participants with the four constitutions of TCM had higher prevalence of CAD.Conclusion: Our findings provided evidence that the four constitutions of TCM including Phlegm-dampness, Qi-deficiency, Yan-deficiency and Yin-deficiency were significantly associated with CAD, respectively. (This study was registered in clinicaltrials.gov with the ID: NCT02998944.)

Background: We developed clinical risk models for predicting diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (DCAN) in Chinese diabetic patients. Methods: A Chinese cohort of 455 diabetic participants underwent a short heart rate variability (HRV) test which was recruited between 2011 and 2013. Clinical risk models were developed that included independent and significant risk factors by using multiple variable stepwise regressions. These clinical risk models were tested in another independent cohort of Chinese individuals. Results: The clinical risk models included age, fasting plasma glucose, 2-h plasma blood glucose, triglycerides, resting HRs, and duration of diabetes mellitus. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the study group was 0.794. In the model with the continuous variables, the area under the ROC curve was 0.810. A cutoff score of 12.54 which produced the optimal sensitivity (68.20%) and specificity (76.80%) and identified the percentage (35.77%) of the population that required subsequent testing. Conclusions: The clinical risk models showed high sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of DCAN in Chinese diabetic patients.

Objective: The aim of this study is finding an optimal and convenient aging marker. Method: The information of participants’ occupation, family background, life style, physical condition, etc. was obtained by a self-administered questionnaire. Spot urine and saliva samples were collected during the early morning after fasting overnight. 8-hydroxydeoxygunaosine (8-OHdG), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2[Formula: see text] (8-isoPGF2[Formula: see text]), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), malondialdehyde (MDA), and dehydroepian drosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) were measured by ELISA. Results: Around 112 non-smokers (males/females [Formula: see text] 61/51; mean age [Formula: see text] 44.9 years) were eligible and analyzed in this study. The mean urinary 8-OHdG level was [Formula: see text] (ng/mmol, creatinine) and mean 8-isoPGF2[Formula: see text] level was [Formula: see text] (pg/mmoL, creatinine). In saliva, the mean level of AOPPs, MDA, and DHEA-S was [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]mol/L), [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]mol/L) and [Formula: see text] (ng/mL), respectively. After analysis in multiple regression model, urinary 8-OHdG was influenced by age and tea consumption ([Formula: see text]); urinary 8-isoPGF2[Formula: see text] level was correlated with gender ([Formula: see text]); salivary DHEA-S was related to gender ([Formula: see text]) and marital status ([Formula: see text]); AOPPs and MDA in saliva presented no relationships with those factors. Conclusion: Among healthy non-smokers, urinary 8-OHdG is the best aging biomarker comparing to other markers.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to create a screening system for diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (DCAN) in diabetic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A Chinese cohort of 455 diabetic participants was recruited between 2011 and 2013. Short-term heart rate variability testing was used to evaluate cardiovascular autonomic function. A simple model was developed using multiple variable regression to include only significant risk factors that were simple and easily assessed. A DCAN score was determined based on the coefficients of the multiple variable model. This score was tested on the entire cohort of 455 diabetic patients and another independent, external cohort of 115 diabetic patients. RESULTS The screening system consisted of age, body mass index, duration of diabetes mellitus, and resting heart rate, and these factors were significantly (P

Introduction Humans have individual characteristics, and the TCM constitution reflects their inherent nature. Little is known in the general population about the relationship between TCM constitutions and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the associations between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) body constitutions and MetS. Methods This was a large-scale, community-based, cross-sectional study of 3748 participants. TCM constitution and the diagnosis of MetS were based on a body constitution questionnaire (BCQ) and a self-reported medical history, respectively. Univariate and multivariable logistic regressions (MLR) were applied to assess the strength of the associations. Results Univariate analysis showed that Yang-deficiency was significantly associated with MetS (P Conclusion Our observations suggest that Yang-deficiency constitution is closely associated with MetS and provides evidence for the hypothesis that an unbalanced constitution is closely related to MetS in terms of occurrence, development, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Aims/Introduction The purpose of the present study was to investigate the severity of glucose profiles and β‐cell function associated with diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (DCAN) in a Chinese sample. Materials and Methods A community‐based, cross‐sectional study to analyze the risk factors of DCAN was carried out with 455 individuals recruited from a Chinese population. The glucose profile risk score was calculated to identify the association between the severity of the glucose profiles and DCAN. The associations of the severity of the glucose profiles and β‐cell function with DCAN were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Results Univariate analysis showed that the glucose profiles and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance were significantly associated with the DCAN outcome, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression showed that significant associations exist between glucose profile indices and DCAN, after controlling for potential confounding factors (P < 0.01 for all) in both models. Multivariable logistic regression also showed that parameters of β‐cell function were associated with the DCAN outcome in the category model (P < 0.1 for all). The glucose profile risk score was independently and significantly associated with the DCAN outcome after controlling for confounding factors (P < 0.001 and P for a trend

Background This study assessed the extent to which diabetes mellitus (DM) and SCN10A (rs7375036) and their interaction impact on cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) susceptibility in a Chinese Han sample. Method We performed a study in a cross-sectional dataset that included 419 patients with DM and 1557 controls who were genotyped for the presence of the SCN10A rs7375036 polymorphisms. Genotyping was performed by iPLEX technology. The associations of rs7375036 and DM with CAN was assessed by using univariate and multivariate logistic regression controlling for confounders. The interaction between rs7375036 and DM for CAN susceptibility on an additive scale was calculated by using the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), the proportion attributable to interaction (AP), and the synergy index (S). Results The univariate logistic analyses failed to show an association between the SCN10A rs7375036 polymorphisms and CAN. Interestingly, a novel interaction effect of SCN10A rs7375036 and DM on CAN was assessed (p=0.055; RERI=3.515, 95% CI 1.829 to 5.805; AP=0.632, 95% CI −0.368 to 1.632; S=4.361, 95% CI 2.071 to 9.184). Conclusions Our findings suggest that there are interaction effects of DM and SCN10A (rs7375036) that influence the development of CAN. Trial registration number NCT02461342

The study sought to investigate the associations of blood pressure profiles and its severity with diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (DCAN) in a Chinese population. We conducted a community-based, cross-sectional study for risk factor analysis of DCAN in 455 individuals recruited from a Chinese population. Blood pressure profile risk score (BPRS) was calculated for associations between severity of blood pressure profile and DCAN. Multivariable logistic regression (MLR) was carried out to analyze the associations of blood pressure profiles and its severity with DCAN. In category variable models, participants with high SBP have significantly higher DCAN prevalence as compared to participants with low SBP (25.66 vs. 31.69 %, P = 0.011). MLR demonstrated that there was significant associations between SBP and DCAN controlling for potential confounding factors (P = 0.016). Moreover, MLR assessed significant associations of BPRS-0 or BPRS-2 with DCAN (P value = 0.014 for BPRS-0 and P value = 0.031 for BPRS-2). Our findings indicated that SBP and severity of BP profiles were significantly and independently associated with DCAN, respectively. These suggested BP profile may influence the progression of DCAN and also provided insight into biological functions. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02461472.

Background. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome and its elements on respiratory diseases (RDs) based on real-world data (RWD). Methods. A real-world study was performed to explore the relationships among TCM syndrome and RDs based on electronic medical information. A total of 26,074 medical records with complete data were available for data analysis. Factor analyses were used to reduce dimensions of TCM syndrome elements and detect common factors. Additionally, cluster analyses were employed to assess combinations of TCM syndrome elements. Finally, association rule analyses were performed to investigate the structures of TCM syndrome elements to estimate the patterns of TCM syndrome. Results. A total of 27 TCM syndromes were extracted from RWD in this work. There were four TCM syndromes with >5.0% frequency based on the distribution frequency. The top five pathogenesis TCM syndrome elements were Tan, Huo, Feng, Qi_Xu, and Han. Factor analysis, cluster analysis, and association rule analysis demonstrated that Tan, Huo, Feng, Qi_Xu, Shen, and Fei were the core TCM syndrome elements. Conclusion. Four common Shi TCM syndromes on RDs were identified: Tan_Re_Yong_Fei, Tan_Zhuo_Zu_Fei, Feng_Re_Fan_Fei, and Feng_Han_Xi_Fei; two core common Xu TCM syndromes (Fei_Shen_Qi_Xu and Fei_Yin_Xu) and two core common Mix TCM syndromes (Fei_Pi_Qi_Xu-Tan_Shi_Yun_Fei and Fei_Shen_Qi_Xu-Tan_Yu_Zu_Fei) were also determined. The core TCM syndrome elements of Tan, Huo, Feng, Qi_Xu, Shen, and Fei were identified in this work.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate associations among hypertension (HTN) and uric acid (UA) with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN), and to estimate the extent to which synergistic effects of HTN and UA affect the outcome in a Chinese population. We conducted a large-scale, population-based study to analyze the association and interaction of the two factors for CAN in a sample of 2092 Chinese people. Univariate and multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis were employed to detect these relationships. Interaction on an additive scale can be calculated by using the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), the proportion attributable to interaction (AP), and the synergy index (S). After adjusting for confounding factors, MLR showed that HTN was independently associated with CAN (P

Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate the associations among the nine types of body constitution in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with the outcomes of overweight, obesity, and underweight. Method. Participants aged 30 to 90 years were recruited from communities in Shanghai and assessed using a self-administered questionnaire pertaining to their demographics, lifestyles, and self-reported medical history. The data of 3748 participants with complete information was available for the analysis. Multinomial logistic regression (MLR) analysis was performed to determine the associations among the TCM constitution variables and the health outcomes. Results. The standards of classification and determination of the constitution in TCM were used to gauge the patients’ constitution type. MLR revealed independent and significant associations among the Qi_Deficient and Yang_Deficient groups with the outcomes of overweight, obesity, and underweight (P<0.10 for all). MLR revealed independent and significant associations among the Qi_Deficient and Yang_Deficient groups with the outcomes of overweight, obesity, and underweight (P<0.05 for all). Conclusion. Our study revealed significant negative correlations between the Qi_Deficient and Yang_Deficient groups with the outcomes of overweight, obesity, and underweight. On the other hand, positive correlations were found between Phlegm_Dampness and the outcomes of overweight and obesity.

To investigate the relationships between the constitutions of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and patients with cerebral infarction (CI) in a Chinese sample.A total of 3748 participants with complete data were available for data analysis. All study subjects underwent complete clinical baseline characteristics' evaluation, including a physical examination and response to a structured, nurse-assisted, self-administrated questionnaire. A population of 2010 neutral participants were used as the control group. Multiple variable regression (MLR) were employed to estimate the relationship between constitutions of TCM and the outcome.A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the association of body constitution of TCM and CI.Communications and healthcare centers in Shanghai.A total of 3748 participants with complete data were available for data analysis.All study subjects underwent complete clinical baseline characteristics' evaluation, including a physical examination and response to a structured, nurse-assisted, self-administrated questionnaire. A population of 2010 neutral participants were used as the control group. MLR were employed to estimate the relationship between constitutions of TCM and the outcome.The prevalence of CI was 2.84% and 4.66% in neutral participants and yang-deficient participants (p = 0.012), respectively. Univariate analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between yang deficiency and CI. After adjustment for relevant potential confounding factors, the MLR detected significant associations between yang deficiency and CI (odds ratio = 1.44, p = 0.093).A yang-deficient constitution was significantly and independently associated with CI. A higher prevalence of CI was found in yang-deficient participants as compared with neutral participants.