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Prostate cancer is one of the major cancers of the genitourinary tract. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was suggested as a promising therapeutic target for prostate cancer. In this study, we aim to elucidate the associations of HMGB1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with prostate cancer susceptibility and clinicopathological characteristics. The HMGB1 SNPs rs1412125, rs2249825, rs1045411, and rs1360485 in 579 prostate cancer patients and 579 cancer-free controls were analyzed with real-time polymerase chain reactions (real-time PCR). All of the data were evaluated with SAS statistical software. Our results showed that the HMGB1 rs1045411 T allele genotype was significantly associated with advanced pathologic T stage (odds ratio (OR) = 1.433, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.021–2.012; p = 0.037) and pathologic N1 stage (OR = 2.091, 95% CI = 1.160–3.767; p = 0.012), and the rs1360485 polymorphic CT + TT genotype was associated with pathologic Gleason grade group (4 + 5) (OR = 1.583, 95% CI = 1.017–2.462; p = 0.041), pathologic T stage (3 + 4) (OR = 1.482, 95% CI = 1.061–2.070; p = 0.021), and pathologic N1 stage (OR = 2.131, 95% CI = 1.178–3.852; p = 0.011) compared with their wild-type carriers. In conclusion, our results revealed that the HMGB1 SNPs were associated with the clinical status of prostate cancer. The HMGB1 SNPs may have the potential to predict prostate cancer disease progression.

In this paper, based on historical data of sales, we proposed a total expected profit model for multi-product, stochastic demand and contract constraints. The constraints include only one time ordering in a year, annual ordering quantity must be greater than the lower bound of contract constraint. This study focuses on durable goods, so there will be no salvage. An optimal analysis technique was applied to search for the optimal ordering quantity for each commodity. Furthermore, a marginal profit analysis method was also used to determine the optimal incremental ordering quantity for each commodity. In addition, the sensitivity analysis was taken to realize the influence of each parameter on optimal ordering quantity and total expected profit. Finally, three conclusions were derived for practical applications and future studies.

Prostate cancer is one of the major cancers of the genitourinary tract. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was suggested as a promising therapeutic target for prostate cancer. In this study, we aim to elucidate the associations of HMGB1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with prostate cancer susceptibility and clinicopathological characteristics. The HMGB1 SNPs rs1412125, rs2249825, rs1045411, and rs1360485 in 579 prostate cancer patients and 579 cancer-free controls were analyzed with real-time polymerase chain reactions (real-time PCR). All of the data were evaluated with SAS statistical software. Our results showed that the HMGB1 rs1045411 T allele genotype was significantly associated with advanced pathologic T stage (odds ratio (OR) = 1.433, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.021‒2.012, p = 0.037) and pathologic N1 stage (OR = 2.091, 95% CI = 1.160‒3.767, p = 0.012), and the rs1360485 polymorphic CT + TT genotype was associated with pathologic Gleason grade group (4 + 5) (OR = 1.583, 95% CI = 1.017‒2.462, p = 0.041), pathologic T stage (3 + 4) (OR = 1.482, 95% CI = 1.061‒2.070, p = 0.021), and pathologic N1 stage (OR = 2.131, 95% CI = 1.178‒3.852, p = 0.011) compared with their wild-type carriers. In conclusion, our results revealed that the HMGB1 SNPs were associated with the clinical status of prostate cancer. The HMGB1 SNPs may have the potential to predict prostate cancer disease progression.

Nanomaterials are commonly used in biomedical research, mostly in cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this study, we used dark-field hyperspectral systems to investigate nanomaterials for the biological interaction of the opsonized or pegylated nanomaterials. Gold nanoparticles have good biocompatibility and exhibit strong light scattering behavior under the dark-field microscope. Those properties make it feasible to study the interaction between the surface functionalized nanomaterials and cellular micro-environments multi-dimensionally.

Nanophotonics has raised a great attention because detection limit can easily go down to the molecular level. Herein, we present a dark-field integrated Light-eye Technology (iLeyeT) system for monitoring of polarization-dependent surface plasmons of single shaped nanomaterials. Single shaped gold nanomaterial such as gold nanorod present both longitudinal and transverse surface plasmonic resonance under dark-field microscope. The orientation of single nanomaterials significantly tunes the direction of polarized light. We introduce a programmable light source into the dark-field microscope and image the relative peak intensities of the transverse and longitudinal surface plasmon via fast tuning wavelength. The signals from single nanomaterials can be visualized and detected by the dark-field iLeyeT system.

We present a general method for converting colloidal nanomaterials into microbubbles as ultrasound contrast agents. Protein-caged nanomaterials, made either by self-assembled nanoparticles' protein corona or by fluorescent gold nanoclusters, can be rapidly transformed into microbubbles via a sonochemical route, which promote disulfide cross-linking of cysteine residues between protein-caged nanomaterials and free albumin during acoustic cavitation. The proposed methods yielded microbubbles with multiple functions by adjusting the original nanoparticle/protein mixture. We also showed a new dual-modal imaging agent of fluorescent gold microbubbles in vitro and in vivo, which can hold many potential applications in medical diagnostics and therapy.