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Objective: To assess the knowledge and practice of diabetics towards their disease at tertiary care Hospital. Methods: This is cross sectional study was conducted at department of Diabetic Clinic, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre and Civil Hospital, Karachi from August 2022 to December, 2023.Total 250 diabetic patients of age 18-80 years, either gender, were included in this study. Disabled, blind and patients not willing to participate, were excluded. All relevant features including age, gender, duration of disease, educational status, family history, basic knowledge about diabetes, symptoms, risk factors, complications, prevention, frequency and monitoring of blood glucose, self-exercise practice, weight monitoring, eye checkup, foot care and dietary practice were recorded on a structured questionnaire. SPSS version 10 was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 250 patients were enrolled in this study 100(40%) were males and 150(60%) were females. Majority were in the age group between 41 and 50 years. 65 (26%) were not aware of the term diabetes. Majority had a fairly good knowledge about symptoms, risk factors, complications and prevention of diabetes however most were unaware of its types, 65% were not practicing exercise, 58% were not getting their eye checkup and majority did not practice foot care. Conclusion: Despite having satisfactory knowledge, the practice of the patients was not up to the mark. A multidisciplinary approach is required to motivate patients to actively participate in self-management of the disease

Abstract This work presents an optically transparent and flexible MIMO antenna that features two square patch elements placed in close proximity, aiming to meet the demands of compactness, flexibility, optical transparency, and visual appeal for IoT applications and future 5G wireless communication. The design includes a simple offset fed configuration to achieve the required isolation and impedance matching. It simplifies the process of creating closely spaced transparent MIMO antenna configurations. By optimizing and analyzing this structure, the antenna achieves better isolation and diversity gain performance, even when the patch elements are positioned very close to each other. To achieve optical transparency and flexibility, the antenna uses thin polyethylene terephthalate (PET) material as a substrate, which is a thermoplastic polymer resin from the polyester family. The wired metal mesh parameters for conducting parts of the MIMO antenna and offset position of the feed are carefully optimized to achieve required optical transparency, isolation, impedance matching and radiation performance without any complex decoupling or impedance matching network.

Abstract In this letter, a compact, planar circularly polarized (CP) sub-GHz slot-based multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with dual sense CP along with polarization bandwidth reconfigurability is presented. The pentagonal reactively loaded slot is fed by two folded tapered feedlines to achieve CP. The antenna offers left-hand-circular polarization (RHCP) with the as well as right hand circular polarization (LHCP). The antenna exhibit linearly polarization (LP) by exciting two ports simultaneously. Moreover, the antenna CP resonance can be reconfigured by varying the capacitance of the varactor diode. The antenna has a wide −10 dB operating frequency band from 578–929 MHz. while the axial ratio (AR) bandwidth ranges from 490–810 MHz. Moreover, the two elements MIMO are optimized and placed on compact dimensions 100 × 100 × 0.76 mm3 to realize pattern diversity. The antenna’s key characteristics are compact size, wide-band sub-GHz operation, dual sense CP, polarization bandwidth reconfigurability and good MIMO performance. Thus, it is a suitable candidate to be utilized in CubeSats applications in sub-GHz bands.

Abstract A miniaturized folded dipole patch antenna (FDPA) design for biomedical applications operating at sub 1 GHz (434 MHz) band is presented. Antenna is fabricated on FR-4 substrate material having dimensions of 16.40 mm $$\times$$ × 8.60 mm $$\times$$ × 1.52 mm (0.023 $$\lambda$$ λ $$\times$$ × 0.012 $$\lambda$$ λ $$\times$$ × 0.002 $$\lambda$$ λ ). Indirect feed coupling is applied through two parallel strips at bottom layer of the substrate. The antenna size is reduced by 83% through lumped inductor placed at the center path of the radiating FDPA, suitable for biomedical (implantable) applications and hyperthermia. Moreover, Impedance matching is achieved without using any Balun transformer or any other complex matching network. The proposed antenna provides an impedance bandwidth of 6 MHz (431–437 MHz) below − 10 dB and a gain of − 31 dB at 434 MHz. The designed antenna is also placed on a human body model to evaluate its performance for hyperthermia through Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), Effective Field Size (EFS), and penetration depth (PD).

OBJECTIVES To determine the association between time to thrombolysis and left ventricular (LV) systolic function in patients with ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). METHODOLOGY T This descriptive case series study compared the time to thrombolysis and LV systolic function of 149 STEMI patients. LV systolic function was evaluated following thrombolysis, and data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 software. This study was conducted at the Ayub Teaching Hospital Cardiology Department in Abbottabad from August 2022 to January 2023. RESULTS The study examined how LV systolic function and symptoms in STEMI patients related to when thrombolysis was administered. The 149 patients analyzed included 28 with normal LV function, 86 with mildly impaired function, 26 with moderately impaired function, and 9 with severely impaired function. In contrast to delayed thrombolysis, which was linked to higher levels of impairment, immediate thrombolysis was correlated with a higher percentage of normal LV function. The prevalence of patients with severely compromised LV function was also higher in those who received thrombolysis within 3 to 6 hours and 9 to 12 hours. LV function was correlated with the type of myocardial infarction, with varying degrees of impairment seen in AWMI and IWMI patients. Gender had no discernible effect on LV function. CONCLUSION Improved LV function is associated with early thrombolysis within hours of STEMI symptoms, highlighting the significance of prompt intervention and minimizing wait times for better patient outcomes.

Background: Gout is one of the most prevalent inflammatory arthritis in the world. It is associated with non-modifiable factors like age gender and genetics and modifiable risk factors like life style changes. Objective: To determine the co-morbidities of gout in patients presenting at tertiary care hospital Peshawar. Study type, settings & duration: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Rheumatology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from January 2021 to August 2021. Methodology: In this study a total of 323 patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria of Gout were observed. All the patients in age between 16-80 years, either gender presenting with gout were included in the study. Gout was diagnosed as per American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Gout Classification Criteria.All the information i.e. age, gender and comorbidities were recorded and were analyzed in statistical software SPSS version 23. Results: A total of 323 patients were enrolled in the study, mean age was 42 with SD ±12.49,female predominance was noted with percentage of 71.8%.The most common comorbidities associated with gout were hypertension(61.6%) and obesity (68.1%). We had patients with other co-existing inflammatory and non-inflammatory Rheumatological diseases. These included seropositive and seronegative Rheumatoid arthritis, Polymyalgia Rheumatica PMR, connective tissue disorder CTD and psoriasis were rarely reported. Among non-inflammatory RMDs, vitamin D deficiency was found to be highly prevalent, followed by Osteoarthritis, Spondylitis and Radiculopathies. Conclusion: Our study concludes that the most common co-morbidities of gout were hypertension and obesity followed by other Rheumatologic diseases (RMDs) and vitamin D deficiency.

Corona virus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an illness caused by a natural corona virus called severe acute respiratory syndromes corona virus 2 (SARS-COV-2 formally called Covid-19) which is respiratory illness and has been declared the Covid-19 outbreak a global pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO). Presently, Covid-19 becomes a health concern around the globe. In present article, we investigated the dynamics of Covid-19 infectious disease under the fractional order derivative from both theoretical as well as analytical aspects. Using fixed-point theory results, we developed the indispensable conditions for the existence of the solution of the proposed model. Further we have used the techniques of Laplace transform coupled with the Adomian’s decomposition method to obtain the semi analytical solution for the model under consideration. Finally we have provided some graphical presentation corresponding to different fractional order derivatives via Matlab for the desired solutions.

The high bandwidth and data rate demands of future wireless communications such as 6G and beyond can no longer be met with existing technologies that are mainly based on naturally occurring three-dimensional materials. The terahertz (THz) band refers to the electromagnetic frequency range lying between the millimetre-wave band and the infrared band, and it has become an increasingly promising frequency band that has the potential to be exploited for high-speed wireless communication networks of the future. Lately, the realisation of THz devices has been expedited through the emergence of two-dimensional materials (2DMs), such as graphene, perovskites, and transition metal dichalcogenides that can potentially unlock some long-standing problems related to the development of efficient control of transmission and detection of THz waves. In this paper, we cover several essential electrical features of 2DM, namely graphene, MOs2, and perovskite enabled THz devices that are being used to design efficient systems for future wireless communication systems.

Printed electronics implies the use of low-cost, scalable, printing technologies to fabricate electronic devices and circuits on flexible substrates, such as paper or plastics. The development of this new electronic is currently expanding because of the emergence of the internet-of-everything. Although lot of attention has been paid to functional inks based on organic semiconductors, another class of inks is based on nanoparticles obtained from exfoliated 2D materials, such as graphene and metal sulfides. The ultimate scientific and technological challenge is to find a strategy where the exfoliated nanoparticle flakes in the inks can, after solvent evaporation, form a solid which displays performances equal to the single crystal of the 2D material. In this context, a printed layer, formed from an ink composed of nano-flakes of TiS2 intercalated with hexylamine, which displays thermoelectric properties superior to organic intercalated TiS2 single crystals, is demonstrated for the first time. The choice of the fraction of exfoliated nano-flakes appears to be a key to the forming of a new self-organized layered material by solvent evaporation. The printed layer is an efficient n-type thermoelectric material which complements the p-type printable organic semiconductors The thermoelectric power factor of the printed TiS2/hexylamine thin films reach record values of 1460 µW m−1 K−2 at 430 K, this is considerably higher than the high value of 900 µW m−1 K−2 at 300 K reported for a single crystal. A printed thermoelectric generator based on eight legs of TiS2 confirms the high-power factor values by generating a power density of 16.0 W m−2 at ΔT = 40 K.

A compact, conformal, all-textile wearable antenna is proposed in this paper for the 2.45 GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band. The integrated design consists of a monopole radiator backed by a 2 × 1 Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) array, resulting in a small form factor suitable for wristband applications. An EBG unit cell is optimized to work in the desired operating band, the results of which are further explored to achieve bandwidth maximization via floating EBG ground. A monopole radiator is made to work in association with the EBG layer to produce the resonance in the ISM band with plausible radiation characteristics. The fabricated design is tested for free space performance analysis and subjected to human body loading. The proposed antenna design achieves bandwidth of 2.39 GHz to 2.54 GHz with a compact footprint of 35.4 × 82.4 mm2. The experimental investigations reveal that the reported design adequately retains its performance while operating in close proximity to human beings. The presented Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) analysis reveals 0.297 W/kg calculated at 0.5 W input power, which certifies that the proposed antenna is safe for use in wearable devices.

Abstract An electronically beam‐steerable antenna (BSA) is envisioned. The presented BSA is a possible solution to overthrow the limitations inherent to phased antenna arrays. The design consists of a gap coupling inset feed rectangular patch (driven element) and 3 × 1 passive parasitic patches deployed on both sides of the driven patch. Prototype having 20 × 20 mm dimensions is printed on Rogers® RT/duroid®5870. Four switches are used to load the reactive impedance on parasitic patches, which in turn, change the phases of surface current on parasitic elements and the driven element. Based on the different ON and OFF configuration of switches in parasitic array elements, the main beam is steered along with different directions. The simulated results show that the design can operate between 26.8 and 30.3 GHz a wide impedance bandwidth |S11|< −10 dB (12.5%) with a peak gain of 8.9 dBi and wide 3‐dB scanning angle that is, −37° to 156° in the azimuth plane. The exhibited performance of BSA with favourable characteristics, such as wideband, adequate gain, wide‐angle beam switching, and low profile renders the BSA a good candidate for 5G millimetre wave handheld devices. Moreover, to corroborate the performance, the design is fabricated, and experimental measurements were performed. Congruence is observed between the experimentally measured and computationally simulated results. The simulated results of spherical coverage analysis of BSA with the integration of smartphone form factor are also presented.

Adjusting of species with the rapid change that occurs in the conditions of various ecosystems and environment behavior are not easy for them with the passage of time. One can expect species fight against these forces to get rid of extinction, i.e., species tend to adapt genetically or move to a new environment to resilience against extinction. In this paper, a climate change model is investigated by Caputo fractional derivative. Firstly, the qualitative analysis of the solution of the fractional Climate Change model is found by the application of the theory of fixed point. For approximate solution, the iterative numerical techniques of the consider problem under Caputo derivative is presented. In the last part, the numerical approximation of plotting are provided for validation of our fractional-order iterative scheme. As a whole, the total spectrum lying between two integer values are achieved with more information about the complexity of the dynamics of the proposed fractional Climate Change-model.

In this article, a printed series fed tri-slot coplanar Vivaldi antenna is studied and investigated for RADAR application. The antenna consists of three exponentially tapered slots excited by a single microstrip line. The three slots are series fed simultaneously with a radial stub on the microstrip feed line for impedance matching. The proposed antenna covers a frequency of 7.8-11.8 GHz at −10 dB impedance bandwidth. The antenna gain varies from 7.5 dB at the lowest operating frequency and increases to around 9.5 dB at the center frequency of 10 GHz. A key versatility of the proposed design is the ability to modify the ground plane size without affecting the antenna impedance and gain. This makes the antenna suitable to incorporate RADAR transceiver components without modifying the existing antenna design. The proposed antenna is fabricated and measured results show good agreement with simulated results.

In electrochemical energy storage devices (ESDs), organic electrolytes are typically used for wide operational potential window, yet they suffer with cost, environmental, flammability issues, and low ionic conductivity when compared with water‐based electrolytes. Hence, for large‐scale applications that require high power and safety, presently there is no true solution. Though water‐based electrolytes have higher ionic conductivities, and are cost‐effective and nonflammable, their high self‐discharge rate with organic/carbon‐based electrodes impedes their commercialization. It is found out that highly concentrated polymer electrolytes on the concept of “water‐in‐salt electrolyte” lead to extremely low leakage current within the electrochemical stability window (ESW) of water, thus solving the issue of self‐discharge in organic/carbon‐based ESDs. Herein, potassium polyacrylate (PAAK) is prepared as “water‐in‐polymer salt electrolyte” (WIPSE) and tested for one of most abundant wood‐based biopolymer lignin and polyimide as positive and negative electrodes, respectively, in both half‐cell and full‐cell. The device shows an open‐circuit voltage drops

In this article, the qualitative theory and approximate solutions for fractional order Ebola model via Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo (ABC) fractional operators are developed. Using various tools of analysis, the conditions for the existence and stability of the proposed model are established. With the help of Laplace Adomain Decomposition method, we obtain the approximate solutions for the said model. In the last part, using Matlab, we plotted various graphs to discuss the underlying model for different fractional order values of γ.

A mosquito born viral disease (Dengue) becoming endemic around the globe which including cause of severe illness and death in various Asian and Latin American countries. It needs proper management by researchers and medicine professionals. The current research work is a step towards the prevention/reduction of such deadly disease in the society. More precisely, this work addressing various mathematical proofs interconnected to the existence and stability along with numerical findings by using mathematical modeling techniques. Further, the existence results have been established for the proposed model under the Atangana-Baleanu derivative in Caputo sense (ABC) with fractional order. In continuation, we find the deterministic stability for the proposed model. Lastly, the new version of numerical approximation’s framework for the approximation of ABC fractional derivative is used to carried out the numerical simulation for the obtained results.

Abstract Background Orthokeratinized Odontogenic Cyst (OOC) is a rare, developmental odontogenic cyst which was considered in the past to be a variant of Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) later renamed as keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT). The treatment of OOC is by enucleation and the prognosis, following enucleation is excellent with a recurrence rate of less than 2%. On the other hand, OKC has a recurrence rate between 8 and 25% after enucleation. Thus it is important to differentiate between the two entities. Methods All cases reported in our section as OOC during the period 2013 to 2018 were retrieved from the surgical pathology files and slides were reviewed by the authors. All cases which met the histological criteria for OOC were included. Results A total of 10 cases were included. 70% patients were males, ages ranged from 23 to 60 years, with mean age of 38.9 years. 70% of cases were located in the mandible and 90% patients presented with swelling. Radiologically, 90% cases were unilocular, all were radiolucent lesions. Mean size was 4.0 cm. Histologically, all cases demonstrated the classic microscopic features. Follow-up was available in 8 patients. All were treated by enucleation. All 8 were alive with no recurrences over a follow-up period ranging from 7 to 62 months. Conclusions OOC has a better prognosis than OKC and needs to be differentiated from OKC due to differences in treatment and prognosis. Large majority of our cases presented with swelling and occurred in the mandibles of young males. All were radiolucent and most were unilocular. All were treated by enucleation and no recurrences occurred over follow up period ranging up to 62 months. Our findings were similar to those described in other published series.

Though polymer electrolytes with high ionic Seebeck coefficients are attractive for thermoelectric modules, demonstrating high performance n-type polymers required for modules remains elusive. Here, the authors report ambipolar ionic polymer gels with high ionic Seebeck coefficient.

This study was designed to evaluate the emulsifying and rheological properties of acorn protein isolate (API) in different pH mediums (pH 3, 7 and 9) and in the presence of ionic salts (1 M NaCl and 1 M CaCl2). API shows higher solubility in distilled water at pH 7, while at the same pH, a decrease in solubility was observed for API in the presence of CaCl2 (61.30%). A lower emulsifying activity index (EAI), lower stability index (ESI), larger droplet sizes and slight flocculation were observed for API in the presence of salts at different pHs. Importantly, CaCl2 treated samples showed relevantly higher EAI (252.67 m2/g) and ESI (152.67 min) values at all pH as compared to NaCl (221.76 m2/g), (111.82 min), respectively. A significant increase in interfacial protein concentration (4.61 mg/m2) was observed for emulsion at pH 9 with CaCl2, while the major fractions of API were observed in an interfacial layer after SDS-PAGE analysis. All of the emulsion shows shear thinning behavior (τc > 0 and n < 1), while the highest viscosity was observed for emulsion prepared with CaCl2 at pH 3 (11.03 ± 1.62). In conclusion, API, in the presence of ionic salts at acidic, neutral and basic pH, can produce natural emulsions, which could be substitutes for synthetic surfactants for such formulations.

ABA has been widely acknowledged to regulate ethylene biosynthesis and signaling during fruit ripening, but the molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between these two hormones are largely unexplored. In the present study, exogenous ABA treatment obviously promoted fruit ripening as well as ethylene emission, whereas NDGA (Nordihydroguaiaretic acid, an inhibitor of ABA biosynthesis) application showed the opposite biological effects. Combined RNA-seq with time-course RT-PCR analysis, our study not only helped to illustrate how ABA regulated itself at the transcription level, but also revealed that ABA can facilitate ethylene production and response probably by regulating some crucial genes such as LeACS4, LeACO1, GR and LeETR6. In addition, investigation on the fruits treated with 1-MCP immediately after ABA exposure revealed that ethylene might be essential for the induction of ABA biosynthesis and signaling at the onset of fruit ripening. Furthermore, some specific transcription factors (TFs) known as regulators of ethylene synthesis and sensibility (e.g. MADS-RIN, TAGL1, CNR and NOR) were also observed to be ABA responsive, which implied that ABA influenced ethylene action possibly through the regulation of these TFs expression. Our comprehensive physiological and molecular-level analysis shed light on the mechanism of cross-talk between ABA and ethylene during the process of tomato fruit ripening.

Auxin has been shown to modulate the fruit ripening process. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying auxin regulation of fruit ripening are still not clear. Illumina RNA sequencing was performed on mature green cherry tomato fruit 1 and 7 days after auxin treatment, with untreated fruit as a control. The results showed that exogenous auxin maintained system 1 ethylene synthesis and delayed the onset of system 2 ethylene synthesis and the ripening process. At the molecular level, genes associated with stress resistance were significantly up-regulated, but genes related to carotenoid metabolism, cell degradation and energy metabolism were strongly down-regulated by exogenous auxin. Furthermore, genes encoding DNA demethylases were inhibited by auxin, whereas genes encoding cytosine-5 DNA methyltransferases were induced, which contributed to the maintenance of high methylation levels in the nucleus and thus inhibited the ripening process. Additionally, exogenous auxin altered the expression patterns of ethylene and auxin signaling-related genes that were induced or repressed in the normal ripening process, suggesting significant crosstalk between these two hormones during tomato ripening. The present work is the first comprehensive transcriptome analysis of auxin-treated tomato fruit during ripening. Our results provide comprehensive insights into the effects of auxin on the tomato ripening process and the mechanism of crosstalk between auxin and ethylene.