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Objective To Evaluate the efficacy and Safety of Fractional CO2 Laser versus 70% trichloroacetic acid peel in the treatment of facial freckles and lentigines in Asian people of skin type III & IV. Methods A randomized clinical trial, with 92 cases complying with inclusion standards were enrolled. In groups A, 46 patients were treated with fractional CO2 laser. In group B, 46 patients were treated with 70% trichloroacetic acid peel. All the patients were treated and assessed at four weekly intervals for three consecutive sessions by taking photographs. Final results were concluded one month after the last session. Results 92 patients completed the study with mean age of 29±5 years. In group A, 38% patients showed 75% lightening while in Group B, 49% patients showed good response in lesions clearance on face (80-90% lightening). So, the efficacy was significantly higher in patients treated with 70% TCA peel as compared to CO2 laser (p-value=0.001). Overall percentage reduction in PSI score was higher in group B (64.80%) followed by group A (46.61%). Conclusion 70% TCA was found more efficacious than CO2 laser for pigmented lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context Excess calories from free sugars are implicated in the epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Honey is a free sugar but is generally regarded as healthy. Objective The effect of honey on cardiometabolic risk factors was assessed via a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach. Data Sources MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched up to January 4, 2021, for controlled trials ≥1 week in duration that assessed the effect of oral honey intake on adiposity, glycemic control, lipids, blood pressure, uric acid, inflammatory markers, and markers of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Data Extraction Independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Data were pooled using the inverse variance method and expressed as mean differences (MDs) with 95%CIs. Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE. Data Analysis A total of 18 controlled trials (33 trial comparisons, N = 1105 participants) were included. Overall, honey reduced fasting glucose (MD = −0.20 mmol/L, 95%CI, −0.37 to −0.04 mmol/L; low certainty of evidence), total cholesterol (MD = −0.18 mmol/L, 95%CI, −0.33 to −0.04 mmol/L; low certainty), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD = −0.16 mmol/L, 95%CI, −0.30 to −0.02 mmol/L; low certainty), fasting triglycerides (MD = −0.13 mmol/L, 95%CI, −0.20 to −0.07 mmol/L; low certainty), and alanine aminotransferase (MD = −9.75 U/L, 95%CI, −18.29 to −1.21 U/L; low certainty) and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD = 0.07 mmol/L, 95%CI, 0.04–0.10 mmol/L; high certainty). There were significant subgroup differences by floral source and by honey processing, with robinia honey, clover honey, and raw honey showing beneficial effects on fasting glucose and total cholesterol. Conclusion Honey, especially robinia, clover, and unprocessed raw honey, may improve glycemic control and lipid levels when consumed within a healthy dietary pattern. More studies focusing on the floral source and the processing of honey are required to increase certainty of the evidence. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration number CRD42015023580. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the case study of a 30-year-old woman diagnosed with bilateral blackish discoloration of toes. Topics discussed include an overview of her disease, the medical record of the patient, her medical and clinical examination results, and the treatment options and management of her disease.

Lipids are the main source of energy and widely used for various applications. In this review, the modification of lipids by using them in combination with other biomaterials like natural and synthetic polymers is elaborated. These new blends have characteristic features of both polymers and are characterized by different techniques (NMR, DSC, TGA, IR and Raman spectroscopy etc.) to understand their structure, properties and functional behavior. Lipids are hydrophobic, have anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial properties and thus impart hydrophobicity and flexibility to the polymers. While the polymers, on the other hand, make the lipids tougher. Properties of few polymers such as starch, polyethylene protein and chitosan that have brittleness, low combustion rate and hydrophobicity, are improved by incorporation of lipids ultimately increased their flexibility, combustion rate and hydrophobicity respectively. This review article is also focused on emerging fields for the applications of these composite materials. The most notable application of composite materials are in the field of paint industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]