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In the era of big data, text as an information reserve database is very important, in all walks of life. From humanities research to government decision-making, from precision medicine to quantitative finance, from customer management to marketing, massive text, as one of the most important information carriers, plays an important role everywhere. The text data generated in these practical problems of humanities research, financial industry, marketing, and other fields often has obvious domain characteristics, often containing the professional vocabulary and unique language patterns in these fields and often accompanied by a variety of “noise.” Dealing with such texts is a great challenge for the current technical conditions, especially for Chinese texts. A clustering algorithm provides a better solution for text big data information processing. Clustering algorithm is the main body of cluster analysis, K-means algorithm with its implementation principle is simple, low time complexity is widely used in the field of cluster analysis, but its K value needs to be preset, initial clustering center random selection into local optimal solution, other clustering algorithm, such as mean drift clustering, K-means clustering in mining text big data. In view of the problems of the above algorithm, this paper first extracts and analyzes the text big data and then does experiments with the clustering algorithm. Experimental conclusion: by analyzing large-scale text data limited to large-scale and simple data set, the traditional K-means algorithm has low efficiency and reduced accuracy, and the K-means algorithm is susceptible to the influence of initial center and abnormal data. According to the above problems, the K-means cluster analysis algorithm for data sets with large data volumes is analyzed and improved to improve its execution efficiency and accuracy on data sets with large data volume set. Mean shift clustering can be regarded as making many random centers move towards the direction of maximum density gradually, that is, moving their mean centroid continuously according to the probability density of data and finally obtaining multiple maximum density centers. It can also be said that mean shift clustering is a kernel density estimation algorithm.

One of the biggest challenges in clonal propagation of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is difficulty of rooting. Adventitious root initiation and development are the critical steps in the cutting and layering process of grapevine, but the molecular mechanism of these processes remains unclear. Previous reports have found that microRNA (miRNA)-encoded peptides (miPEPs) can regulate plant root development by increasing the transcription of their corresponding primary miRNA. Here, we report the role of a miPEP in increasing adventitious root formation in grapevine. In this study, we performed a global analysis of miPEPs in grapevine and characterized the function of vvi-miPEP171d1, a functional, small peptide encoded by primary-miR171d. There were three small open reading frames in the 500-bp upstream sequence of pre-miR171d. One of them encoded a small peptide, vvi-miPEP171d1, which could increase the transcription of vvi-MIR171d Exogenous application of vvi-miPEP171d1 to grape tissue culture plantlets promoted adventitious root development by activating the expression of vvi-MIR171d Interestingly, neither exogenous application of the vvi-miPEP171d1 peptide nor overexpression of the vvi-miPEP171d1 coding sequence resulted in phenotypic changes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Similarly, application of synthetic ath-miPEP171c, the small peptide encoded by the Arabidopsis ortholog of vvi-MIR171d, inhibited the growth of primary roots and induced the early initiation of lateral and adventitious roots in Arabidopsis, while it had no effect on grape root development. Our findings reveal that miPEP171d1 regulates root development by promoting vvi-MIR171d expression in a species-specific manner, further enriching the theoretical research into miPEPs.

Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is an emergency with a high mortality rate, characterized by acute onset and identification difficulties. EHS prevention focuses on evaluating the environment by professionals, making preventive measures in advance, identifying internal and external risk factors for the onset of disease, carrying out prior heat adaptation and endurance training, monitoring the status of high risk persons in real time. After occurrence of EHS, the key to success treatment is on-site accurate identification and diagnosis and rapid implementation of effective cooling measures, thus winning time of EHS patients transferred to the hospital for the treatment. This article reviews the current status of EHS prevention and treatment in domestic and foreign from the scene to the hospital. Summarizing the recognition, diagnosis, cooling measures, treatment concepts and principles of EHS, we hope to provide a reference for the rescue of EHS in hospital and outside. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2017.08.15

This paper studies an optimal control problem where the state of the system is defined by a mixed quasi-variational inequality. Several sufficient conditions for the zero duality gap property between the optimal control problem and its nonlinear dual problem are obtained by using nonlinear Lagrangian methods. Our results are applied to an example where the mixed quasi-variational inequality leads to a bilateral obstacle problem.

Phytohormones have an essential ability to adapt to abiotic stresses, including drought stress (DS), by mediating physiological and molecular processes. Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AMs) can enhance tolerance of DS, but the information regarding phytohormone changes in AM plants exposed to DS is little known. Trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings colonized by an AM fungus Funneliformis mosseae were subjected to DS and well-watered for 6 weeks. Plant growth performance, gas exchange, indole-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins (GAs), brassinosteroids (BRs), abscisic acid (ABA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and zeatin riboside (ZR) were determined. The 6-week DS treatment strongly restricted root mycorrhizal colonization. Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased plant growth parameters under DS, as compared with non-mycorrhizal treatment. Mycorrhizal treatment also induced significantly higher leaf-relative water content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance but l...

A series of novel substituted triazines bearing a benzimidazole scaffold were designed and synthesized based on the structures of known anti-cancer agents, namely gedatolisib and alpelisib. All the target compounds were screened for inhibitory activity against PI3Kα and mTOR kinases. Notably, most analogs exhibited IC50 in the nanomolar range. Investigation of the isozyme selectivity indicated that the compounds exhibited remarkable inhibitory activity against PI3Kδ, especially compound 19f showed an IC50 value of 2.3 nM for PI3Kδ and moderate δ-isozyme selectivity over other class I PI3K isoforms and mTOR (with IC50 values of 14.6, 34.0, 849.0 and 15.4 nM for PI3Kα, β, γ and mTOR, respectively). An in vitro MTT assay was conducted to assess the antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of the prepared analogs. It was revealed that the compounds displayed significant inhibitory activities against the HCT116 human colon cancer cell line. Compound 19i showed 4.7-fold higher potency than the positive control gedatolisib (0.3 vs. 1.4 μM, IC50 values). Phosphoblot studies demonstrated that 19c and 19i could significantly suppress the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway at 10 μM. Moreover, analogs 19b, 19c and 19i displayed better stability in artificial gastric fluids than gedatolisib, while 19i was indicated not very stable in rat liver microsomes, and may occur phase I metabolic transformations.

Although turbo equalization has superior performance, the data processing delay produced by large iterations has become its major drawback for real-time situations. Based on the MMSE criterion, the normal-probability-plot (NPP) of linear equalizer’s extrinsic information is studied in this paper, with the conclusion of the extrinsic information’s approximate Gaussian distribution obtained. In various conditions, the iterative number can be controlled dynamically based on the extrinsic information statistics. The simulation results approves that the technique is able to make delay dwindle largely with small performance degradation.

We introduce and study the class of almost limited sets in Banach lattices, that is, sets on which every disjoint weak ⁎ null sequence of functionals converges uniformly to zero. It is established that a Banach lattice has order continuous norm if and only if almost limited sets and L -weakly compact sets coincide. In particular, in terms of almost Dunford–Pettis operators into c 0 , we give an operator characterization of those σ -Dedekind complete Banach lattices whose relatively weakly compact sets are almost limited, that is, for a σ -Dedekind Banach lattice E , every relatively weakly compact set in E is almost limited if and only if every continuous linear operator T : E → c 0 is an almost Dunford–Pettis operator.

Track irregularity is one of the most important aspects of the suspension control performance impact in maglev transportation system (MTS). Due to the track irregularity phenomenon of suspension system, the Fuzzy PID(F-PID) control is unable to accurately track irregularity of track changes. Based on the qualitative analysis to MTS, through modifying conventional F-PID controller, the article establishes Fuzzy Immune PID(FI-PID) Controller based on the biological immune system theory. The control strategy designed nonlinear P controller, using the immune algorithm of on-line adjustment of P and the fuzzy control approximating the nonlinear function of the immune P control parameters and the fuzzy control designed the ID controller for adjusting the parameters of I and D for enhancing the robust performance of the suspension system and adapting to the change of track irregularity. Simulation results show that the FI-PID control is confirmed more effectively to realize tracking compared with F-PID, faster response speed, more simple structure, easier operation for the track interference and load disturbance of the suspension system. This provides a very good way to solve the interference problem of orbit of the maglev transportation system.

Track irregularity is one of the most important aspects of the suspension control performance impact in Magnetic Transportation System (MTS). By using the traditional PID control, the problem was that it was difficult to confirm the PID parameters and have long settling time, even appear the chaotic phenomenon. However, using Expert PID(EPID) control method producesd over-fitting to initial assignments, local optimum induced easily and slow convergence rate problem. Based on the global optimization feature of PSO algorithm, it had been adopted to optimize the initial values of Expert PID control. An intelligent control algorithm for the maglev transportation system was put forward based on Expert PID optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (EPID-PSO). The expert rule was that if the absolute value of the error trended to decrease, the PID current control keeped its maintenance; if not, then the PID current control applied strong functions. Under this rule, the dynamic error was reduced and the performance of track irregularity was improved. Simulation results by MATLAB proves that the control scheme has good robustness, shorter adjustment time, faster response time, achieving better quality of control under the three conditions of step signal, low frequence sine wave signal and high frequence square wave signal.

This paper develops a sliding-mode controller with fuzzy rules for the single magnetic levitation system with delay, different signals and interference. The control algorithm comprises a sliding-mode controller which is designed for enhancing robustness when plant uncertainties, and a fuzzy controller which is designed for smoothing the control input when switching at these boundary manifolds. An algorithm is presented for selecting the coefficients of the swithing plane such that the overall closed-loop system has stable eigenvalues. A control input is shown to be smoothing and overcome the chatter. The performance of the single magnetic levitation system is obtained by simulation and experimental results which show that the proposed fuzzy sliding-mode controller algorithm is effective for tracking different signals with interference.

Track irregularity is one of the most important aspects of the suspension control performance impact. Due to the delay phenomenon of suspension system, the traditional PID control is unable to accurately track irregularity of track changes. Based on the qualitative analysis to delay suspension system, through modifying conventional PID controller, the article establishes four kinds of Neural Network adaptive PID Controllers based on different learning rules. The control strategy combines by the simple structure of the PID Control, the self-organizing ability of the Neural Network Control and the self-learning ability of the learning rules, adjusts PID parameters on-line, adapts to the change of track irregularity, and has strong robustness. However, the different learning rules have different learning ability of the interferences of track irregularity for the delay phenomenon of the suspension system. Simulation result shows that the supervised Delta learning rules is confirmed more effectively to realize tracking compared with other learning rules, faster response speed, more simple structure, easier operation for the track interference and load disturbance of the delay suspension system. This provides a very good way to solve the interference problem of orbit of the delay suspension system.

To improve the systems anti-jamming capability by making full use of distributing information of background signals spectrum for basis function (BF) of transform domain communication system (TDCS), a method of basis function design using M-ary sequence to express spectrum amplitude is proposed. The short-time spectrum characteristic of modulated and demodulated signal of single-chip waveform coded basis function is analysed with jamming coexistence. Then the analytic expression of system bit error rate (BER) is derived and the optimization problem of solving the BER analytic expression is converted into the problem of solving maximum signal-to-interference-plus noise ratio (SINR). The problem is solved by utilizing the uniform distribution characteristic of random phase. Then the M-ary basis function is obtained. The simulation result shows that the designed system has better anti-jamming capability than conventional binary basis function system, especially in the condition of high interference-to-signal ratio.

We obtain some necessary and some sufficient conditions on Banach lattices E and F for the following conditions to hold: (i) if T: E → F is a b-AM-compact operator, then T′: F′ → E′ is also b-AM-compact operator and (ii) if T′: F′ → E′ is b-AM-compact operator, then T: E → F is also b-AM-compact operator.

The dynamic control equations are derived for the mechanical model with two degrees of freedom that the soften spring is considered in the dynamic vibration absorber. In order to facilitate the computation to the equations, through the integral of the dynamic control equations which became a four order ordinary differential equation. The amplitude frequency response curves of the primary structure excited by a harmonic force were drawn with harmonic balance method, the influence of the dynamic characteristics of primary structure about this kind of nonlinear dynamic vibration absorber was discussed.

A novel diagnostic scheme that includes pancreatic β‑cell dysfunction analysis for the diagnosis of traumatic multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) was investigated to assist in the early diagnosis and detection of MODS. Early intervention and treatment of MODS has been associated with a reduced mortality rate. A total of 2,876 trauma patients (including patients post‑major surgery) were admitted to the intensive care unit of the authors' hospital between December 2010 and December 2015 and enrolled in the present study. There were 205 cases where the patient succumbed to their injuries. In addition to the conventional diagnostic scheme for traumatic MODS, indexes of pancreatic β‑cell dysfunction [fasting blood‑glucose (FBG), homeostatic model assessment‑β and (blood insulin concentration 30 min following glucose loading‑fasting insulin concentration)/(blood glucose concentration 30 min following glucose loading‑FBG concentration)] were included to establish an improved diagnostic scheme for traumatic MODS. The novel scheme was subsequently used in clinical practice alongside the conventional scheme and its effect was evaluated. The novel scheme had a significantly higher positive number of MODS diagnoses for all trauma patients compared with the conventional scheme (12.48 vs. 8.87%; P

We consider the $f$ -orthomorphisms and $f$ -linear operators on the order dual of an $f$ -algebra. In particular, when the $f$ -algebra has the factorization property (not necessarily unital), we prove that the orthomorphisms, $f$ -orthomorphisms, and $f$ -linear operators on the order dual are precisely the same class of operators.

Let $E$ and $F$ be Banach lattices. Let $G$ be a vector sublattice of $E$ and $T: G\rightarrow F$ be an order continuous positive compact (resp. weakly compact) operators. We show that if $G$ is an ideal or an order dense sublattice of $E$, then $T$ has a norm preserving compact (resp. weakly compact) positive extension to $E$ which is likewise order continuous on $E$. In particular, we prove that every compact positive orthomorphism on an order dense sublattice of $E$ extends uniquely to a compact positive orthomorphism on $E$., 7 pages

Active-type dynamic vibration absorbers (ADVA) is a kind of damping system, installed an actuators in the dynamic vibration absorbers (DVA). According to the actual needs, vibration energy of the structure is transferred to vibration absorbers actively in the process of structural vibration for the effect of external excitation. Therefore, the energy is decayed or transferred quickly and the structural vibration is controlled. If the nature frequency of additional system is the same as external excitation frequency of the original system, actuators doesn’t start and the whole system behaves the property of DVA (passive damping) .Otherwise, actuators starts, which makes the energy of original structure transfer to the vibration absorbers actively, achieving the purpose of energy consumed and vibration reduced. In this paper the concept of ADVA is proposed, and the working principle of ADVA is theoretically analyzed, furthermore the expressions of the system vibration response and active control coefficient are deduced. The curves of active control force and structure amplitude against incentive frequency are plotted respectively by examples.

We present some necessary and sufficient conditions for positive semi-compact operators being L-weakly compact and M-weakly compact respectively.

The non-linear equations of strings under a concentrated load were derived. The formulae of the linear frequency and the governing equation of the primary resonance were obtained by Galerkin and Multiple-dimensioned method. The reason of the loss of load in practical engineering was addressed. The bifurcation graphics and the relationship graphics of bifurcate point with concentrated load and the span length of the cable were obtained by calculating example. The results show that formula of the linear frequency of the suspended cable is different from that of the string.

Let E and F be vector lattices and L r (E,F) the ordered space of all regular operators, which turns out to be a (Dedekind complete) vector lattice if F is Dedekind complete. We show that every lattice isomorphism from E onto F is a finite element in L r (E,F), and that if E is an AL-space and F is a Dedekind complete AM-space with an order unit, then each regu- lar operator is a finite element in L r (E,F). We also investigate the finiteness of finite rank operators in Banach lattices. In particular, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for rank one operators to be finite elements in the vector lattice L r (E,F).

LetAandBbe ordered algebras overℝ, whereAhas a generating positive cone andBsatisfies the property thatb2>0if0≠b∈B. We give some conditions for a mapT:A→Bwhich is supra-additive and supra-multiplicative for all positive and negative elements to be linear and multiplicative; that is,Tis a homomorphism of algebras. Our results generalize some known results on supra-additive and supra-multiplicative maps between spaces of real functions.

In this paper we present a counterexample of compact domination compact operator T such that |T'| is compact but |T| need not compact.

We give several applications of Rademacher sequences in abstract Banach lattices. We characterise those Banach lattices with an atomic dual in terms of weak* sequential convergence. We give an alternative treatment of results of Rosenthal, generalising a classical result of Pitt, on the compactness of operators from Lp into Lq. Finally we generalise earlier work of ours by showing that, amongst Banach lattices F with an order continuous norm, those having the property that the linear span of the positive compact operators fromE into F is complete under the regular norm for all Banach lattices E are precisely the atomic lattices.

Recently, J. H'michane et al. introduced the class of weak* Dunford-Pettis operators on Banach spaces, that is, operators which send weakly compact sets onto limited sets. In this paper the domination problem for weak* Dunford-Pettis operators is considered. Let $S, T:E\rightarrow F$ be two positive operators between Banach lattices $E$ and $F$ such that $0\leq S\leq T$. We show that if $T$ is a weak$^{*}$ Dunford-Pettis operator and $F$ is $\sigma$-Dedekind complete, then $S$ itself is weak* Dunford-Pettis., Comment: 8 pages

Frequency spectrum scarcity is currently one of the mostly discussed topics in wireless communications. When there is no free spectrum available, no new broadband communication techniques can be put into operation. The double use of already assigned frequencies leads to interferences. A possible solution to the problem is Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA), realized through Cognitive Radio (CR) technology. Cognitive Radios have the ability to detect unused spectrum segments and to adapt to it dynamically. This adaptation does not only concern a change of frequency, but may also include changes in waveform, bandwidth, or whatever leads to an optimal communication link. This paper gives an overview of the state-of-the-art Cognitive Radio approaches and points out opportunities offered by this technology to overcome the threat of spectrum scarcity.

We present here some sufficient conditions for the regular norm on ${ℒ}^{r}\left(E,F\right)$ to be order continuous, and for ( ${ℒ}^{r}\left(E,F\right),\parallel ·{\parallel }_{r}$ ) to be a KB-space. In particular we deduce a characterization of the order continuity of the regular norm using L- and M-weak compactness of regular operators. Also we characterize when the space ${ℒ}^{r}\left(E,F\right)$ is an ${L}^{p}$ -space and is lattice isomorphic to an ${L}^{p}$ -space for $1

Phytohormones can be responsible for activating tolerance responses of drought stress (DS). The present study was done to evaluate the effects of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), Funneliformis mosseae, on root morphology and root phytohormones levels in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings exposed to well-watered (WW, 75% of maximum water holding capacity) and drought stress (55% of maximum water holding capacity). The six-week DS treatment strongly restricted root mycorrhizal colonization by 27.7%. The DS treatment caused the decrease of total plant biomass and root morphological traits, but the AMF inoculation significantly increased total plant biomass and root total length, projected area, surface area, average diameter, volume, and number of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd lateral root under WW and DS conditions. AMF plants exhibited significantly higher leaf water potential than non-AMF plants exposed to WW and DS. AMF colonization notably regulated the changes in root phytohormone levels: the increase of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and zeatin riboside (ZR) levels under WW condition, and the increase of IAA, ABA, MeJA, ZR, and brassinosteroids (BRs) concentrations under DS conditions. These results concluded that AMF enhanced drought tolerance in trifoliate orange through modulation of root phytohormones and root morphology.

To describe the anatomic variations of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) and its corresponding surgical techniques.A total of 143 TAPVC subjects were hospitalized from April 1981 to July 2010. Those patients with other complex congenital heart diseases, such as transposition of great artery and single ventricle, were excluded. A pathological diagnosis was made by echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, catheterization and intra-operative findings. The specific types of TAPVC were as follows:supra-cardiac (49.7%, 71/143), cardiac (40.6%, 58/143), infra-cardiac (4.2%, 6/143) and mixed (5.6%, 8/143). The subtypes were classified by the pathway of common confluence, distribution of pulmonary vein and their orifice site. The techniques of surgical repairs included modified Warden procedure and pulmonary vein transplantation.The patients with supra-cardiac type were further divided into 4 subtypes according to the course of vertical veins and their orifice site: right and left veins forming a common confluence, then draining into vertical and innominate veins (n = 65); common confluence of pulmonary vein drainage into superior vena cava through a short vertical vein at the right pulmonary hilus (n = 3); right and left pulmonary veins separately draining into superior vena cava (n = 2); common confluence draining into innominate vein through a right path beside trachea (n = 1). Cardiac types were further divided into 3 subtypes: coronary sinus (n = 20), right atrium (n = 37) and right atriumsinus (n = 1). Infra-cardiac type had no subtype. Mixed type was more complex and it was further divided into 3 subtypes: bilateralsymmetrical connection (right 2 + left 2, n = 5); bilateralasymmetrical connection (3 + 1, n = 3). Surgical repairs were performed on 135 patients. The surgical mortality of TAPVC was 5.9% (8/135). And there was no late death. The major causes of death were pulmonary infection and low cardiac output syndrome.A detailed classification of TAPVC is of great importance for surgical approaches and methodological designs. And an individualized surgical plan yields excellent patient outcomes.

To obtain the normal range of statistics of umbilical artery blood gas parameters of the newborns for diagnosis of neonatal asphyxia.From March 2008 through September 2009, 17 978 singleton term appropriate for gestational age (AGA) or larger than gestational age (LGA) newborns in six hospitals of five provinces/autonomous regions were consecutively enrolled in this prospective study. The normal ranges of umbilical artery blood gas parameters were obtained from 17 645 newborns with 1 min Apgar score ≥ 8. The correlations between umbilical artery blood pH, BE and prenatal high-risk factors, Apgar scores, and organ damage were analyzed. The diagnostic criteria for asphyxia included the following: (1) Having high-risk factors that might cause asphyxia; (2) 1 min Apgar score ≤ 7 (the respiratory depression must be present); (3) At least one organ showed evidence of hypoxic damage; (4) Other causes of low Apgar score were excluded. The study focused on the distributive characteristics of umbilical artery blood pH (clinically corrected by Eisenberg formula) and BE values of the asphyxiated and non-asphyxiated cases in low Apgar score group, as well as the sensitivity and specificity of different selected pH and BE threshold spots within their distributing ranges.Among the 17 978 singleton term AGA or LGA newborns, the statistically normal range of umbilical artery blood pH, BE for the 17 645 cases with 1 min Apgar scores ≥ 8 were 7.20 ± 0.20 (x(-) ± 1.96 s) and -7.64 ± 10.02 (x(-) ± 1.96 s), respectively. The pH well correlated positively with BE (r = 0.734, P0.01). The umbilical artery blood pH and BE values correlated positively with the Apgar scores. The umbilical artery blood pH and BE values correlated negatively with organ damage (r = 1, the P values = 0.000 for both). Among the 333 low Apgar score cases, the umbilical artery blood pH corrected values and BE values of the asphyxiated group (163 cases) were 7.011 ± 0.09 (x(-) ± s) and -14.98 ± 2.99 (x(-) ± s), being lower than 7.18 ± 0.07 (x(-) ± s) and -8.56 ± 4.68 (x(-) ± s) of the non-asphyxiated group (170 cases) respectively (t = 14.3, 8.79, P values0.001). The distributing ranges of the umbilical artery blood pH corrected values and BE values of the asphyxiated group were7.00-7.20 and-10--18, respectively. Within the above ranges, none of selected spots with both high sensitivity and high specificity was found.The statistically normal range of the umbilical artery blood pH and BE for the newborns was 7.20 ± 0.20 (x(-) ± 1.96 s) and -7.64 ± 10.02 (x(-) ± 1.96 s) respectively. Owing to individual differences and the measured blood pH should be clinically corrected, the statistical threshold was not fully equal to the clinicopathological threshold. The pathological threshold of pH or BE for neonatal asphyxia is a range rather than a fixed point. The distributing range of the umbilical artery blood pH clinically corrected values and BE values for neonatal asphyxia were7.00-7.20 and-8--18, respectively. In the presence of the other four indexes for diagnosing neonatal asphyxia, the blood gas index should be used flexibly in the above ranges.

We investigate the sufficient condition under which each positive b-weakly compact operator is Dunford-Pettis. We also investigate the necessary condition on which each positive b-weakly compact operator is Dunford-Pettis. Necessary condition on which each positive b-weakly compact operator is weakly compact is also considered. We give the operator that is semi-compact, but it is not bweakly. We present a necessary and sufficient condition under which each positive semi-compact operator is b-weakly compact.

Neonatal asphyxia is the third leading cause of neonatal death and main cause of long-term neurodevelopmental handicap throughout the world. Prevention is more important than treatment. Most previous reports are limited to retrospective investigations of the relationships between some prenatal risk factors and low Apgar scores. This study was designed to prospectively investigate the relationship between prenatal risk factors and neonatal asphyxia and the influence of single or multiple risk factors on the incidence of neonatal asphyxia, and examine significant risk factors for neonatal asphyxia.From April 2002 through October 2004, a total of 10 376 live-born newborns were enrolled. Forty-six prenatal risk factors were investigated. Neonatal asphyxia was diagnosed based on the following four items: 1. 1-min Apgar scoreor=7; 2. Umbilical artery blood pH7.20; 3. At least one organ had evidence of asphyxial injury; 4. Other causes of low Apgar score were excluded. The number, the constituent ratio and the exposure frequency of newborns with single or multiple risk factors were counted. The influence of risk factors on the incidence of asphyxia was analyzed. The significant risk factors were screened by single logistic regression analysis and forward stepwise conditional multiple logistic regression analysis, with enrolled threshold alphaor=0.05, excluded threshold alphaor=0.10 and p0.05 as significant. The OR and 95%CI were calculated for each significant risk factor.Of the 10 376 newborns, 8 530 cases (82.21%) had 1-9 risk factors, and asphyxia occurred in 117 cases (1.13%) out of the 8 530 cases. In the 1 846 cases without risk factors, none had asphyxia (x2=25.6, p0.01). The incidence of asphyxia increased with increasing numbers of risk factors, from 0.23% in newborns with one risk factor to 14.29% in newborns who had nine risk factors (r=0.96, p0.01). Twelve significant risk factors identified were as follows: ominous fetal heart rate patterns (OR=17.1,95%CI:11.2-25.9), placenta abruption (OR=15.2, 95% CI: 4.5-51.8), maternal lung diseases (OR=11.5, 95% CI:1.4-91.3), fetal acidosis (OR=6.1, 95% CI:1.5-24.1), placenta previa (OR=5.0,95% CI:1.5-16.9), breech delivery (OR=4.5, 95% CI: 2.1-9.9), meconium stained amniotic fluid (OR=3.2, 95% CI:2.2-4.8), forcepsjassisted delivery (OR=3.2, 95%CI: 1.1-9.9), prolonged labor (OR=2.94, 95%CI:1.5-5.8), abnormal utero contraction (OR=2.8, 95% CI:1.7-4.6), and premature delivery (OR=2.5,95%CI:1.4-4.8). Cesarean section had a protective effect (OR=0.6, 95% CI:0.4-0.9) (all p0.05).It is very important to prevent perinatal asphyxia by systematically examining prenatal risk factors and giving interventions for the newborns with risk factors, especially those with the above significant risk factors or with multiple risk factors. Proper cesareon section according to indications might be helpful to decrease the incidence of birth asphyxia.

Let X X and Y Y be compact Hausdorff spaces, and E E , F F be Banach lattices. Let C ( X , E ) C(X,E) denote the Banach lattice of all continuous E E -valued functions on X X equipped with the pointwise ordering and the sup norm. We prove that if there exists a Riesz isomorphism Φ : C ( X , E ) → C ( Y , F ) \Phi : C(X,E)\rightarrow C(Y,F) such that Φ f \Phi f is non-vanishing on Y Y if and only if f f is non-vanishing on X X , then X X is homeomorphic to Y Y , and E E is Riesz isomorphic to F F . In this case, Φ \Phi can be written as a weighted composition operator: Φ f ( y ) = Π ( y ) ( f ( φ ( y ) ) ) \Phi f(y)=\Pi (y)(f(\varphi (y))) , where φ \varphi is a homeomorphism from Y Y onto X X , and Π ( y ) \Pi (y) is a Riesz isomorphism from E E onto F F for every y y in Y Y . This generalizes some known results obtained recently.