Search

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the expression of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and the microvascular density (MVD) and clinicopathological features. Firstly, the expression status of CBS in diffuse carcinoma and LUSC was searched through the public bioinformatics database. Subsequently, immunohistochemical staining and scoring were performed on tumor tissues and matched normal tissues from 108 LUSC patients to assess CBS expression; the MVD of tumor tissues was also detected. The results showed that CBS was overexpressed in some tumor tissues, including LUSC. Immunohistochemical results showed that the positive expression rate of CBS in tumor tissues (63.0%) was higher than that in normal tissues (17.6%). The expression of CBS was correlated with T (p=0.01), N (p=0.004), TNM (p=0.011) stages, and tumor differentiation degrees (p0.001), with the increase of T, N, and TNM stages or the decrease of differentiation, the expression level of CBS also increased. In addition, the expression level of CBS was positively correlated with MVD (r=0.6997, p0.0001). Survival analysis showed that the survival rate of the CBS negative expression group was better than that of the positive expression group (p=0.004). Cox multivariate analysis showed that CBS expression status (p0.001), T stages (p=0.020), and TNM stages (p=0.021) were independent factors affecting the prognosis of LUSC. In conclusion, the high expression of CBS affects tumor development and is associated with the poor prognosis of LUCS, which may be used as a biomarker to evaluate prognosis and find a new direction for the treatment of LUSC.

Laser surface modification technology is one of the most advanced technologies, which uses laser to modify the characteristics of the surface to offer superior performance for various industrial applications. In this study, laser surface hardening behavior of GM246 case iron was investigated. Result shows that excellent laser surface hardening of GM246 cast iron need low power density and scanning speed. With power of 2500 W, scanning speed of 300 mm/min and power density of 2500 W/cm2, the laser surface hardening of GM246 cast iron achieved the hardness of 790HV, which was 2-3 times higher than the hardness of base metal. Also, the depth of laser surface hardening case achieved 0.9 mm and the hardening case demonstrated three subzones.

Visible and infrared absorption and emission spectra of Er3+-doped strontium gadolinium gallate (SrGdGa3O7) single-crystal were measured at room temperature. From the measured fluorescence spectra, the Er3+ emission cross section spectra were calculated at first. Then, by utilizing McCumber relation, the absorption cross section spectra were further calculated. In parallel, the absorption cross section spectra were also calculated from the measured absorption spectra of the crystal, and compared with those spectra calculated from the McCumber relation. The comparison shows that the absorption cross section spectra obtained using the McCumber relation are in reasonable agreement with those deduced from the measured absorption spectrum.

Optical and spectroscopic properties of Er3+/Pr3+-codoped Gd3Ga5O12 single-crystal grown by Czochralski method have been studied. Absorption spectrum of the crystal was measured at room temperature and Er3+ absorption cross-section spectral distributions were calibrated from it. The Er3+ spectroscopic properties were analyzed on the basis of the Judd-Ofelt theory. Fundamental spectroscopic parameters were obtained that include absorption coefficient, cross-section spectral distribution, electronic transition oscillator strength, Judd-Ofelt parameters, fluorescence branch ratio, transition probability, radiative and fluorescence lifetimes, and quantum efficiency as well. Study shows that Pr3+-codoping results in substantial change of Er3+ spectroscopic properties, in qualitative consistent with the previous fluorescence studying result. In addition, refractive index of the crystal was measured at different wavelengths using prism coupling method, and the Sellmeier equation reported previously for Er3+-only doped Gd3Ga5O12 crystal is corrected.

Gallium-diffused lithium niobate (LiNbO3) channel optical thin-film was fabricated by diffusion of photolithographically patterned gallium-oxide stripes on a Z-cut congruent LiNbO3 substrate. Composition, optical properties of the channel thin-film and gallium diffusion profiles were characterized. The results show that the thin-film is in congruent composition environment, confines single-mode ordinary and extraordinary waves with a loss

A Monte Carlo simulated-annealing algorithm was used to study the magnetic state in an in-plane helimagnet layer on triangular lattice that exchange couples to an underlayer with strong out-of-plane anisotropy. In the single helimagnet layer with in-plane anisotropy (K), the formation of labyrinthlike domains with local spin spirals, instead of parallel stripes, is favored, and these domains rapidly transform into dense skyrmion crystals with increasing interfacial exchange coupling (J′), equivalent to a virtual magnetic field, and finally evolve to an out-of-plane uniform state at large enough J′. Moreover, with increasing K, the skyrmion crystal state can vary from regular 6-nearest-neighboring circular skyrmion arrangement to irregular squeezed skyrmions with less than 6 nearest neighbors when the in-plane anisotropy energy is higher than the interfacial exchange energy as the skyrmion number is maximized. Finally, we demonstrated that the antiferromagnetic underlayer cannot induce skyrmions while the chirality inversion can be achieved on top of an out-of-plane magnetization underlayer with 180° domain walls, supporting the experimental findings in FeGe thin film. This compelling advantage offers a fertile playground for exploring emergent phenomena that arise from interfacing magnetic skyrmions with additional functionalities.

Under 980 nm wavelength excitation, 530 and 550 nm green upconversion emission spectra of erbium-doped gadolinium gallium garnet single-crystal were measured in the temperature range of 298–423 K for ratiometric thermometry based on fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR). The crystal shows strong emission intensity, highly efficient ratiometric thermometric performance, as well as thermally stable emission spectral structure, it is thus a promising luminescent material for ratiometric thermometry. A multiple ratiometric thermometry is proposed and demonstrated in comparison with the usually adopted ratiometric thermometry based on integrated emission intensity. The multiple ratiometric thermometry considers six FIRs involving two component peaks of the 530 nm emission band and three component peaks of the 550 nm emission band, which result from an electronic transition from one Stark sublevel of the 2H11/2 or 4S3/2 state to another of the ground state 4I15/2 of Er3+. All the six FIR schemes show highly efficient sensing performances with slightly different temperature characteristics. The temperature is overall determined by the six FIR schemes, largely increasing the reliability of temperature measurement.

Under 980 nm wavelength excitation, green upconversion emission spectra of Er3+ ions in NaYF4 (NYF) micro-crystals were measured in the temperature range of 298–383 K. A multiple ratiometric thermometry is proposed to realize reliable temperature sensing. It considers six luminescence intensity ratios(LIRs) involving two peaks at 530 nm emission band and three peaks at 550 nm emission band, which concern electronic transitions between crystal-field Stark sublevels of Er3+. The six LIR schemes display similar temperature characteristics with high thermometric efficiency. The temperature can be overall determined by the six LIR schemes, largely increasing measurement reliability. The study also shows that the 980 nm excitation power adopted neither induces a detectable temperature change nor has a noticeable effect on the LIR value. In addition, the Er3+-doped NYF phosphor displays intense green emissions and thermally stable spectral structure which are desired for the multiple ratiometric thermometry.

Erbium(Er)/thulium(Tm)-codoped active lithium niobate(LiNbO3) channel waveguides were fabricated by titanium diffusion following erbium/thulium co-diffusion doping in an X-/Z-cut LiNbO3 substrate with an initial congruent/Li-deficient composition. We show that the waveguide is in an initial congruent or Li-deficient composition environment, remains LiNbO3 crystalline phase, is monomode at the 1.5 µm wavelength region under either the transverse electric or the transverse magnetic polarization, and has a loss

Titanium-diffused lithium tantalate (Ti:LT) multimode planar waveguide was produced by in-diffusion of titanium thin-film deposited onto a Z-cut congruent LT substrate. Titanium concentration (CTi) in the titanium-diffused layer was profiled by secondary-ion-mass-spectrometry. Modes guided in the waveguide were characterized by prism coupling technique. Refractive index in the waveguide is profiled on the basis of the measured mode indices, and is related to the CTi profile. The results show that both the refractive index and the CTi profiles obey to a Gaussian function. The profiles of titanium-induced extraordinary and ordinary index changes are almost identical, implying that the index change in the Ti:LT waveguide has a small anisotropy and the confinement to the mode field is polarization-insensitive. The ordinary and extraordinary index changes reveal a similar exponential dependence on the CTi with a power index of ∼0.8.

Ga3+-diffused lithium tantalate (LiTaO3) strip optical waveguide was fabricated by diffusion (at 950 °C for 1.5 h) of 8-μm wide, 112-nm thick Ga2O3-strips photolithographically patterned onto a Z-cut congruent LiTaO3 substrate. Crystalline phase, composition, optical properties and profile characteristics of Ga3+ ions in the waveguide were investigated. We show that the waveguide retains LiTaO3 crystalline phase and is in congruent composition environment. Optical studies show that the waveguide supports single-mode propagation (at the 1.5 μm wavelength) of not only the extraordinary wave but also the ordinary wave, shows considerable polarization dependence in mode field distribution, and has a loss of 0.2/0.4 dB/cm for the ordinary/extraordinary wave. Secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis shows that the Ga3+ profile follows a sum of two error functions (a Gaussian function) in the width (depth) direction of the waveguide.

Ti-diffused near-stoichiometric(NS) LiTaO 3 multimode planar waveguide was fabricated by diffusion of Ti-film coated onto a congruent LiTaO 3 substrate and post Li-rich vapor transport equilibration process. The crystalline phase in the Ti-diffused layer was analyzed by powder x-ray diffraction and the Li 2 O-content was evaluated from the measured birefringence. The Ti-concentration profile was analyzed by secondary ion mass spectrometry. The modes guided in the planar waveguide were characterized by prism-coupling technique. The refractive index profile was constructed from the measured mode indices, and correlated with the Ti-concentration profile. The results show that the waveguide retains the LiTaO 3 phase and is in an NS composition environment. Both the refractive index and Ti-concentration follow Gaussian profile. The extraordinary and ordinary index change profiles are almost same, implying that the electric field profile of the mode guided in the NS Ti:LiTaO 3 waveguide would be polarization-insensitive. The ordinary and extraordinary index changes and the Ti-concentration follow a similar exponential relationship with a power index ∼1.3. Comparison shows that the Ti:LiTaO 3 waveguide shows considerable differences from the Ti:LiNbO 3 in Ti diffusivity, index change profile and its relation to Ti-concentration, and polarization dependence of guided mode.

We developed a highly efficient optical thermometer based on intensity ratio of upconversion green fluorescence of Er3+/Yb3+-codoped NaYF4 microcrystals. The sensor consists simply of a 980nm laser diode, one narrow-band interference filter, two lenses, one Si-photocell and one multimeter, while being without use of spectrometer and additional electronics. The device not only has a simple, compact structure (hence a low cost), but also displays highly efficient sensing performance, characterized by large signal-to-noise ratio due to strong fluorescence intensity, high thermal resolution and sensitivity, which have the values 1.3K and 1.24×10-2K-1, respectively, at the physiological temperature 310K. The excellent sensing performance of the device was further confirmed by the results of the measurements repeated using a spectrometer. The thermometer is highly generalized that can be applied to other luminescent materials, and shows great potential for the physiological temperature sensing in biological tissues and cells.

Temperature characteristics of 980-nm-upconverted green 530 and 550 nm fluorescence of Er3+-doped SrGdGa3O7 single crystal have been studied for temperature sensing purposes. To achieve that, a simple experimental setup has been developed that consists of a 980 nm laser diode, two interference filters, two Si-photocells and two multimeters, while without use of monochromator or focusing lens for fluorescence collection. The study shows that the Er3+-doped SrGdGa3O7 crystal displays strong green emission intensity (hence good signal-to-noise ratio) and high temperature sensitivity of fluorescence intensity ratio of the 530 and 550 nm emissions, which is (5.6–104.0) × 10−3 K−1 in the considered temperature range 100–430 K, depending on the temperature. In addition, the experiments were repeated using a spectrometer and consistent results of temperature characteristics were obtained. Present study shows that the Er3+-doped SrGdGa3O7 crystal is a promising host material for optical temperature sensing.

We have developed a simple, low-cost and highly efficient optical temperature sensor based on intensity ratio of down-conversion green fluorescence of Er3+ ions doped in SrGdGa3O7 single crystal. The sensor consists simply of a 384 nm light emitting diode, two narrow-band interference filters, two Si-photocells and two multimeters, without use of a monochromator or spectrometer or focusing lens. It has a simple, compact structure and is low-cost. The experimental results show that the device displays highly efficient sensing performance with good signal-to-noise ratio and high thermal resolution and temperature sensitivity, which has a value of (5.5-102.1) × 10−3 K−1 in the considered temperature range of 100–430 K. In addition, the experiments were repeated using a spectrometer and consistent results are obtained.

By using focused ion beam (FIB) technique, we have fabricated two air-hole-type triangular-lattice photonic crystals (PhCs) cascaded in a Ti-diffused LiNbO 3 strip waveguide. To ease the problem that the FIB-milled air-holes are not sufficiently deep, which results in that the holes cannot overlap most of optical mode and hence no evident stop-band feature is observed, two measures have been taken: a 0.75-μm-deep shallow trench was milled on the waveguide surface prior to the air-holes, and a scheme of two PhCs cascaded in the same waveguide was adopted. The cascaded two PhCs have the same air-hole array of 15 × 15 with a lattice constant 376.57 nm and an air-hole radius 150 nm. Transmission spectrum of the cascaded PhCs was measured, and a stop-band with a contrast ∼10 dB and a 3 dB bandwidth of ∼200 nm is observed in the spectral region 1.0–1.2 μm, in good agreement with the simulated result. Present work opens up the possibility of implementing desired PhC functions for various photonic applications by cascading multi-PhCs with different structure parameters.

Er 3+ /Tm 3+ -codoped LiNbO 3 crystal was prepared by co-diffusion of stacked Er and Tm metal films coated onto surface of off-congruent, Li-deficient LiNbO 3 substrate produced by Li-poor vapor transport equilibration technique. The crystalline phase on the diffused surface was analyzed by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The Er 3+ and Tm 3+ profile characteristics were studied by secondary ion mass spectrometry. The emission spectra were measured under the 980 or 795 nm wavelength excitation, and the emission and absorption cross section spectra were calculated based upon McCumber theory. The lifetimes of some emissions were measured. The results show that the Er 3+ and Tm 3+ ions presence is in the form of LiNbO 3 phase. Both ions obey to Gaussian profile with a diffusion depth 21.5 μm. In the codoping case, both ions keep their respective spectroscopic features of only doping case and do not affect each other. The codoping enables to combine the wavelength emissions of both ions and the resultant emission band in the telecommunication window around 1.5 μm is as wide as 150 nm, providing the possibility of S+C+L broadband amplification by employing commercial 980 and 795 nm laser diodes as the pump sources. The Er 3+ /Tm 3+ -codoped LN is a promising host material for integrated optics.

Clamped and unclamped electro-optic coefficients γ 13 and γ 33 of In 3+ /Er 3+ -codoped LiNbO 3 crystals, which were grown by Czochralski method from the melts containing 0.5 mol% Er 2 O 3 while varied In 2 O 3 contents of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mol%, were measured by Mach-Zehnder interferometry. The results show that In 3+ /Er 3+ codoping does not cause change of γ 13 and γ 33 , and both γ 13 and γ 33 can be regarded as unchanged in the studied In 3+ concentration range of 0–2.6 mol% (in crystal) within the experimental error of 3%. The small doping effect is desired in light of the electro-optic application of the crystal. A qualitative, comprehensible explanation for the small effect is given on the basis of the EO coefficient model of LiNbO 3 and doping effect on the defect structure of LiNbO 3 .

Ti-diffused LiTaO 3 strip waveguide was fabricated by in-diffusion of 8-μm-wide, 100-nm-thick Ti-strip at 1300 °C for 6 h in wet O 2 atmosphere. Its composition, surface morphology, lattice parameter, optical properties and Ti profile characteristics were fully characterized. It is shown that the waveguide is in the congruent composition environment. The waveguide surface caves in ∼70 nm below the crystal surface due to Ti-induced lattice contraction, which is verified by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Optical characterizations show that the waveguide well supports both TE and TM single-mode propagation at the 1.5 μm wavelength, is polarization-insensitive, and has a loss of 0.4 (0.3) dB/cm for the TM (TE) mode. Secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis shows that the Ti profile follows a sum of two error functions in the width direction and a Gaussian function in the depth direction of the waveguide.

Effects of finite hole depth and non-cylindrical hole shape on stop-band characteristics of photonic crystal formed by air-hole square lattice in Ti-diffused LiNbO 3 strip waveguide were studied theoretically. The study shows that hole depth determines the contrast of stop-band, and the hole radius and conical angle determine the bandgap and location. Cylindrical holes must be sufficiently deep so as to overlap most of waveguide mode and hence obtain a stop-band with high contrast, sharp edge and broad bandgap. Non-cylindrical holes seriously affect the stop-band features. Conical holes cause low contrast and narrow bandgap, and the stop-band shifts with the conical angle. For the cylindrical-conical hybrid holes, the cylindrical portion determines the desired features. Given the difficulty in fabricating high aspect-ratio cylindrical holes, we propose to fabricate the holes at the bottom of a shallow trench, which is introduced into waveguide surface prior to the hole milling.

A series of singly Er3+-doped and doubly In3+/Er3+-doped congruent LiNbO3 crystals were grown by Czochralski method. The Er3+-only doped crystals were grown from the growth melts doped with different concentrations of Er2O3 up to 1 mol%, and the In3+/Er3+-codoped crystals from the melts doped with fixed 0.5 mol% Er2O3 while varied In2O3 contents of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mol%. The electro-optic coefficients γ13 and γ33 of these doped crystals were measured by Mach-Zehnder interferometry. Both clamped and unclamped coefficients were measured. The results show that both γ13 and γ33 reveal small Er3+ and In3+ doping effects. In the Er3+-only doping case, γ13 almost does not change within the experimental error of 3%, γ33 reveals a degradation tendency with a rise in Er3+ doping level, but the degradation is no more than 5% in the considered Er3+ concentration range 0–3.0 mol% (in crystal). In the In3+/Er3+-codoping case, both γ13 and γ33 can be regarded as unchanged in the studied In3+ concentration range of 0–2.6 mol% (in crystal) within the error. The small Er3+ or In3+ doping effect is desired in light of electro-optic application of these crystals. It is qualitatively explained on the basis of EO coefficient model and doping effect on defect structure of LiNbO3.

Low-loss gallium(Ga3+)-diffused erbium(Er3+)-doped LiTaO3(Ga:Er:LiTaO3) channel waveguide was fabricated using erbium metal film diffusion followed by photolithographically patterned gallium oxide(Ga2O3) strip diffusion. Secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis shows that Er3+ concentration follows a Gaussian profile, Ga3+ concentration follows a sum of two error functions at the waveguide surface and a Gaussian profile in the depth direction. Optical studies show that the waveguide supports single-mode propagation at 1.5 μm wavelength with a coupling loss

Judd-Ofelt (J-O) spectroscopic knowledge of a rare-earth-doped luminescent material is crucial to its application. Although a large number of papers with regard to the J-O study of various rare-earth-doped luminescent materials have been reported each year, few papers presented the errors of the J-O intensity parameters Ωi (i = 2, 4, 6) and radiative probabilities evaluated from them. Present study focuses on the error evaluation of the J-O parameters and radiative probabilities. An error theory is established for the J-O analysis and radiative probability. Two error analysis methods based on root mean square of the difference either between measured and calculated oscillator strengths (δfrms) or between measured and calculated line strengths (δSrms) are studied. Explicit error expressions are presented for the J-O parameters and radiative probability. The validity of the theory is verified by applying it to widely studied Er3+, Tm3+, Ho3+ and Nd3+ ions that are doped into four single-crystals (LiNbO3, SrGdGa3O7, LiYF4 and YVO4) and a glass. The two methods are identical in nature and give similar results of errors of Ωi.

Refractive index of optical material of powder is measured not as easily as a bulk material. Here, the prism coupling technique in combination with the immersion method is proposed to measure the refractive index of an optical material of powder. First, the powder material to be measured was dispersed in α-bromonaphthalene (C10H7Br) liquid to form a suspension mixture. The refractive index of the mixture, together with that of pure C10H7Br, was then measured at the wavelengths of 632.8, 1311, and 1553 nm using a commercial prism coupler. From the measured index values of pure C10H7Br and powder-dispersed mixture, the refractive index of the powder material was obtained on the basis of the Maxwell-Garnett model. Microcrystal powder from a LiNbO3 single-crystal, which has the known refractive index values, has been exemplified to demonstrate the method. The results show that the method is feasible with an accuracy of ±0.05.

980-nm-upconverted 530 and 550 nm Er

Er3+-doping effect on electro-optic property of LiNbO3 crystal has been studied. A series of congruent LiNbO3 crystals homogenously doped with different Er3+ concentrations up to 2 mol% in melt were grown. Unclamped electro-optic coefficients ${r} _{13}$ and ${r} _{33}$ of these crystals were measured by Mach–Zehnder interferometry. The results show that both ${r} _{13}$ and ${r} _{33}$ reveal little dependence on Er3+ doping level. $r_{13}$ hardly changes in the studied Er3+ doping level range 0–2 mol% within the experimental error of 3%. $r_{33}$ reveals a degradation tendency with a rise in the Er3+ doping level, but the degradation is no more than 5% in the Er3+ doping level range studied. The small effect is consistent with previous result that the performance of an electro-optic device based on Ti4+-diffused Er3+-doped LiNbO3 waveguide is not influenced noticeably by Er3+-doping. A qualitative, comprehensible explanation is given for the small effect.

A series of Mg2+/Er3+-codoped congruent LiNbO3 crystals were grown by Czochralski method from the growth melts containing 0.5 mol% Er2O3 while varied MgO content from 0.0 to 7.0 mol%. The unclamped electro-optic coefficients γ13 and γ33 of these crystals were measured by Mach–Zehnder interferometry. Two different voltage-applying schemes were adopted: one is the DC voltage applied to the crystal via Al films coated onto crystal surfaces and another is via a pair of external Cu slab electrodes. The coefficients measured by the two schemes show similar strong dependence on Mg2+ concentration. The dependence is non-monotonous, dramatic, and unusual, and reveals the features of two Mg2+ concentration thresholds of optical damage: one in the Mg2+ concentration range of 1.2–2.0 mol% (in crystal) and another in 4.5–5.0 mol%. Around the threshold the electro-optic coefficient decreases abruptly at first and then recovers quickly, and the coefficient drops by >20% (12%) at the first (second) threshold, which exceeds the error 3% considerably. The dramatic behavior is qualitatively explained on the basis of the EO coefficient model of LiNbO3 and the defect structure model for Mg2+-doped LiNbO3.

In the previous paper [J. Alloys Compd. 102 (2019) 873–878], optical and Judd-Ofelt (J-O) spectroscopic properties of Er3+/Pr3+-codoped Gd3Ga5O12 single-crystal have been reported and the J-O study was performed on the basis of measured absorption spectrum of the crystal. Present paper reports corrected absorption spectrum and J-O spectroscopic parameters of the crystal, which include J-O intensity parameters, oscillator strengths, fluorescence branch ratios, radiative rates and radiative lifetimes. Comparison shows that the previous paper erroneously reported almost one order of magnitude larger absorption cross-section, J-O intensity parameters, oscillator strength and radiative rate as well. A further comparison with previously reported results of Er3+-only doped crystal reveals that the Pr3+-codoping causes considerable spectroscopic change in absorption cross-section, J-O intensity parameters, oscillator strength and radiative rate of Er3+ transitions, and the reason of the change is discussed from the viewpoint of Pr3+-codoping and crystal growth procedure effect on ion environment of Er3+. In addition, errors are given for both the J-O parameters and radiative probabilities of several typical Er3+ emissions.

980-nm-upconverted 530 and 550 nm Er3+ green fluorescence spectra of Er3+/Yb3+-codoped NaGd(WO4)2 submicron crystals were measured in the temperature range of 298–383 K. A sextuple ratiometric thermometry is proposed. It is established on the basis of six schemes of fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) that considers three component peaks of the 530 nm emission band and two component peaks of the 550 nm emission band, which involve electronic transitions between two Stark sublevels of Er3+. The study shows that the phosphor shows strong green fluorescence, which is verified by measured quantum yield, and thermally stable spectral structure desired for the sextuple ratiometric thermometry. All of the six FIR schemes display highly efficient sensing performances with slightly different thermal sensitivities. Each scheme gives a temperature value and the six schemes give an averaged result. In parallel, we have also carried out an ex vivo experimental study on the temperature characteristics of the green fluorescence of the phosphor. Almost same results have been obtained, verifying biological applicability of the phosphor. The ex vivo experimental results also show that the sextuple thermometry increases considerably the accuracy and reliability of temperature measurement in comparison with the conventional intensity integration method.

We have studied thermal effect on filtering feature of electro-optic long period grating (LPG) in Ti-diffused LiNbO3 waveguide, and observed the phenomenon of thermally induced multi-wavelength filtering. At room temperature (20.8 °C), a rejection band due to LPG effect is observed at 1450 nm wavelength regime for a driving voltage of 115 V. As the temperature is increased, the band weakens gradually, and is no longer discernible at 27 °C. Meanwhile, three new dips with similar contrasts and wavelength intervals are resolved at shorter wavelengths 1190, 1265 and 1339 nm. Their contrasts increase with a rise in temperature and have a value of 20 dB at available temperature of 44.5 °C. The positions of these dips change little with the temperature, but red-shift with the increase of driving voltage. These dips are associated with thermally induced multi-mode interference.

We correct a mistake in the previous paper “Electro-optic properties of indium/erbium-codoped lithium niobate crystal for integrated optics” [Opt. Laser Technol. 88 (2017) 152–156]. The electro-optic coefficients γ33 and γ13 that were measured by applying a DC voltage to the crystal via the Al films coated onto the crystal surfaces are the unclamped instead of clamped coefficients.

We developed a highly efficient optical thermometer based on intensity ratio of upconversion green fluorescence of Er

Tisup4+/sup-diffused Zrsup4+/sup/Ersup3+/sup-codoped LiNbOsub3/substrip waveguide was fabricated on an X-cut LiNbOsub3/subsubstrate by thermal diffusion in sequence of Ersup3+/sup, Zrsup4+/supand Tisup4+/sup. Secondary ion mass spectrometry study shows that the Tisup4+/supions follow a sum of two error functions in the width direction and a Gauss function in the depth direction of the waveguide. Both Ersup3+/supand Zrsup4+/supprofiles follow the desired Gauss function, and entirely cover the Tisup4+/supprofile. Optical study shows that the waveguide is TE or TM single mode at 1.5 μm wavelength, and has a loss of 0.3 (0.5) dB/cm for the TM (TE) mode. In the case of 980 nm pumping, the waveguide shows stable 1547 nm signal output under high-power pumping without optical damage observed, and a net gain of 1.1 dB/cm is obtained for the available pump power of 120 mW.

In ferromagnet/antiferromagnet bilayers and core/shell nanoparticles, an exchange-bias-like loop bias phenomenon in the ferromagnet is observed solely due to the long-range dipolar interactions between ferromagnet and antiferromagnet. With increasing cooling field, the loop bias field may increase from zero in the bilayers or from a negative value in the core/shell nanoparticles to a positive saturated value, depending on the interfacial dipolar interaction and/or ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic thickness. Using a modified Monte-Carlo method and the Meiklejohn-Bean model, the interfacial dipole fields (up to several teslas) and the domain sizes imprinted on the interfacial antiferromagnet are explicitly calculated to elucidate the cooling field dependence of loop bias, which is governed by distinct mechanisms at the flat and curved interfaces. Finally, through simply discussing the roles of lattice structure, ferromagnetic dipolar interaction, and simulation time, it is evidenced that the dipole-induced loop bias is ubiquitous and applicable for stabilizing a ferromagnet, irrespective of the interface mismatch and the undeterministic diffusion between different ingredients. This work helps us to develop the spintronic devices with nonatomic-contact nanostructure assemblies.

A number of Li-deficient MgO-doped LiNbO3 (LN) crystals with different Li2O contents ranging from 43.4 mol. % to 44.5 mol. % were prepared by carrying out the Li-poor vapor transport equilibration treatment on 5 mol. % (in growth melt) MgO-doped LN crystals. Unclamped electro-optic (EO) coefficients γ13 and γ33 of these crystals were measured by Mach-Zehnder interferometry. The results show that γ13 (γ33) increases linearly by ∼14% (11%) as the Li2O content decreases from 44.5 mol. % of the as-grown state to 43.4 mol. % of the Li-deficient state. This feature is desired for the EO application of the Li-deficient MgO:LN crystal.

We correct an error in the previous paper [Opt. Mater. Express6, 2593 (2016)]. The electro-optic coefficients γ33 and γ13 that were measured by applying a DC voltage to the crystal via the Al films coated onto the crystal surfaces are the unclamped instead of clamped coefficients. In addition, the acknowledgment part is modified.

We demonstrate near-stoichiometric Ti:Sc:LiNbO3 strip waveguide fabrication starting from a congruent LiNbO3 substrate with a technological process in sequence of Sc3+-diffusion-doping, Ti diffusion, and post Li-rich vapor transport equilibration. We show that the waveguide is in a near-stoichiometric composition environment, well supports single-mode propagation at 1.5 μm wavelength under both TE and TM polarizations, shows considerable polarization dependence, and has a loss ≤ 0.4/0.7 dB/cm for TE/TM mode. The Ti4+ surface profile can be fitted by a sum of two error functions, the depth profile can be fitted by a Gaussian function, and the Sc3+-profile part which has a concentration above the threshold of photorefractive damage entirely covers the waveguide, showing that the waveguide is expected to be optical-damage-resistant.

Electro-optic property of Ti4+-doped LiNbO3 single crystal is investigated. The electro-optic coefficients γ33 and γ13 of a series of bulk Ti4+-doped congruent LiNbO3 crystals with different Ti4+ concentrations up to 12 mol% in crystal were measured by Mach-Zehnder interferometric method and correlated with the Ti4+-doping concentration. Both clamped and unclamped coefficients were measured. The results show that both γ33 and γ13 reveal a degradation tendency with the increase of Ti4+ concentration in both cases of clamped and unclamped measurements. Nevertheless, the degradation is no more than 15% for the considered Ti4+ concentration up to 12 mol%. The little effect is explained qualitatively and comprehensibly.

To investigate the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in adiponectin gene promoter and essential hypertension (EH) in Chinese Korean and Han of Yanbian area, 220 EH patients and 268 normotensive control individuals were enrolled. PCR and direct DNA sequencing were used to determine the -11426AG (rs16861194), -11391GA (rs17300539), -11377CG (rs62620185), -11156insCA (rs60806105), and -11043CT (rs76786086) SNPs in the promoter region of adiponectin gene. Total cholesterol (TC), the triglyceride (TG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were examined by oxi-dase method. The plasma adiponectin and insulin were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that: (1) SNPs of -11426AG, -11377CG, and -11156insCA were found and in Hardy-Weinberg equilib-rium (P0.05), but not the case in -11391GA and -11043CT. (2) -11426AG and -11156insCA were perfectly in link-age disequilibrium (D'=1; r2=1). (3) The allele G frequency of -11426AG polymorphism in Chinese Korean (21.10%) was significantly higher than that in Chinese Han (12.50%), and also higher in EH group than in the control group of Chinese Han. The genotype and allele frequencies of -11377CG showed no significant difference between the two groups ob-served. (4) The haplotype -11426G -11377C frequency in EH of Chinese Han was higher than in the control group (P0.05). (5) The EH showed lower plasma adiponectin level compared with the control group (P0.001) in both Chinese Korean and Han. Our results indicate that: (1) the perfect linkage disequilibrium of -11426AG and -11156insCA is first reported, and the SNP of -11426AG is associated with Chinese Han and Korean. (2) -11426 G and -11426G -11377C are risk factor and risk haplotype in Yanbian Chinese Han, but not in Chinese-Korean. (3) The lower hypoadiponectinemia is the important risk factors for EH in Chinese Korean and Han of Yanbian area. (4) There is no relationship between -11426AG polymorphism and the plasma adiponectin level.

In order to explore the educational model of combined research aidding basic medical education and clinical practice, the educational form of combined research, teaching and clinical practice was adopted and brought into the education of medical genetics for medical students. The consequence of five-year educational practice has revealed that the educational effects and quality have been obviously increased, and the deeply activated studying initiative, self-studying ability, ability of cooperation, discovering and creative ability have been achieved in culturing practical general medical students with in-depth basic knowledge, great ability and high quality.