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Omega‑3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‑3 PUFAs) exert a negative effect on IL‑6 production in several liver disorders, including cirrhosis, acute liver failure and fatty liver disease. However, its effect on the production of IL‑11, another important IL‑6 family cytokine, remains unclear. IL‑11 was found to be significantly elevated in acetaminophen (APAP)‑induced liver damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether and how n‑3 PUFAs modulate IL‑11 production during APAP‑induced liver injury. For that purpose, wild‑type (WT) and fat‑1 transgenic mice were intraperitoneally injected with APAP to induce liver injury. Serum was collected for ELISA and alanine aminotransferase assay. The hepatocytes of APAP‑injected mice were isolated for reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blot analyses. For the in vitro study, primary hepatocytes isolated from WT or fat‑1 mice were stimulated with APAP. The results revealed that both endogenous and exogenous n‑3 PUFAs significantly aggravated APAP‑induced liver damage via the downregulation of STAT3 signaling. Notably, n‑3 PUFAs inhibited IL‑11 expression, but not IL‑6 expression in hepatocytes during the APAP challenge. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that limited phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Fos‑​like‑1 (Fra‑1) expression are responsible for the n‑3 PUFA‑mediated inhibitory effect on IL‑11 production in APAP‑treated hepatocytes. It was concluded that n‑3 PUFAs inhibit IL‑11 production and further STAT3 activation in hepatocytes during APAP‑induced liver injury. Therefore, ERK1/2‑mediated Fra‑1 expression is responsible for the effect of n‑3 PUFAs on IL‑11 expression.

Hazardous wastes in power grids include waste transformer oil and waste lead-acid batteries, etc. Due to the problems of extremely large number of points, wide distribution, and small number of units, coupled with differences in hazardous waste recycling technologies, policies, and markets in various regions, so Possible business models need to be listed and evaluated. This paper establishes an evaluation index system for the business model of hazardous waste recycling, and uses the TOPSIS method to evaluate five feasible business models. The evaluation results will help relevant departments of power grid companies at all levels to formulate recycling strategies according to the characteristics of hazardous waste recycling, so as to facilitate the recycling and reuse of hazardous wastes.

Allograft functional failure due to acute or chronic rejection has long been a major concern in the area of solid organ transplantation for decades. As critical component of innate immune system, the macrophages are unlikely to be exclusive for driving acute or chronic sterile inflammation against allografts. Traditionally, macrophages are classified into two types, M1 and M2 like macrophages, based on their functions. M1 macrophages are involved in acute rejection for triggering sterile inflammation thus lead to tissue damage and poor allograft survival, while M2 macrophages represent contradictory features, playing pivotal roles in both anti-inflammation and development of graft fibrosis and resulting in chronic rejection. Macrophages also contribute to allograft vasculopathy, but the phenotypes remain to be identified. Moreover, increasing evidences are challenging traditional identification and classification of macrophage in various diseases. Better understanding the role of macrophage in chronic rejection is fundamental to developing innovative strategies for preventing late graft loss. In this review, we will update the recent progress in our understanding of diversity of macrophage-dominated innate immune response, and reveal the roles of M2 macrophages in chronic allograft rejection as well.

Malignant melanoma is one of the most common malignant tumors of the skin with rapidly increasing incidence. To investigate the role of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KFL4) in this severe disease, vectors with low and high levels of KLF4 expression were constructed and used to transfect human melanoma cells A375 and SK-Mel-28. Western blotting, RT-qPCR, cell counting, Transwell assay and flow cytometry were used to detect the changes in characteristics of these cells. In comparison with controls, the sh-KLF4 group (with low expression of KLF4) showed reduced expression of KLF4 at the mRNA and protein levels, as well as decreased migration and invasion ability of the cells. In addition, flow cytometry showed that the cell cycle was arrested in G1 phase and the proportion of apoptotic cells increased significantly. The results of the mimics-KLF4 group (with high expression of KLF4) were opposite to those observed in the sh-KLF4 group. Therefore, downregulation of KLF4 expression inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of human malignant melanoma A375 and SK-Mel-28 cells through p21/cyclin D1/E2F1 signaling pathway, and inhibits their migration and invasion. Thus, the KLF4 gene act as an oncogene in human melanoma.

In this paper, the green development evaluation system and method which is useful in power grid were studied and established, and the indicators that affect the green development process of the power grid were analyzed and classified. In order to reflect the comprehensive indicators of the assessment indicators and their impact on the whole society, the system also includes indirect indicators of power generation enterprises, government and social organizations as the main body of implementation, as the expansion of the power grid’s green development. In the calculation period, the TOPSIS method was introduced for evaluating the results and indicators of different companies in two provinces. This research will provide an important reference for energy companies to improve the internal assessment methods for environmental protection and green development.

At present, the world is in the historical transformation period of global cooperation, sharing and integration, and driving a new era of electrification level. The energy structure is accelerating to evolve toward low carbon and the level of cleanliness of energy supply and consumption has increased significantly. Energy efficiency continues to increase. As is known to all that energy transformation is a social system engineering, whose fundamental task is to build a clean, low-carbon new energy system. The fundamental way is re-electrification. As a new concept, re-electrification has not yet obtained a lot of research results, and has not received extensive attention from foreign scholars. In this paper, electrification-related technologies were identified and screened, a re-electrification technology selection model was built based on DEMATEL method, which has certain significance for the subsequent advancement of re-electrification.

With the massive consumption of fossil energy, the traditional power system can no longer meet the high-quality development of the economy and society and the strict requirements of the ecological environment. The whole society urgently needs to build a new generation of power system to achieve the healthy development of the economy and society under increasingly strict constraints. For the new generation of power systems, the mainstream direction is that they should promote the deep replacement of fossil energy with electric energy in the energy consumption link, and increase the proportion of electricity in the final energy consumption and clean power generation. In addition, it should also include the informatization, intelligence and digitization of the power and even energy systems, and realize the iterative optimization of the whole system with faster communication and faster computer processing technology. In this paper, Dematel analysis method was used to identify and screen the construction elements of the new generation power system. And the role of each element in the construction process was analyzed, thus the key areas in the construction of the new generation power system were clarified.

The aim of this study was to explore the protective effects of ulinastatin (urinary trypsin inhibitor, UTI) on liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and graft survival. We employed mouse liver cold IRI and orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx) models. UTI was added to lactated Ringer’s (LR) solution for liver perfusion and preservationin vitroor combined with UTI injection intraperitoneally to the liver graft recipient. Our results indicated that UTI supplementation protected the liver from cold IRI in a dose-dependent manner and prolonged liver graft survival from extended cold preserved liver donors significantly. The underlying mechanism of UTI on liver IRI may be mediated by inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine release, increasing the expression of the antiapoptotic geneBcl-2and decreasing the expression of the proapoptosis genes ofCaspase-3andBax, and further protects hepatocytes from apoptotic death and improves liver function.

Accumulating evidence has indicated that oxidative stress (OS) is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanisms remain largely unknown. Normally, OS occurs when the body receives any danger signal—from either an internal or external source—and further induces DNA oxidative damage and abnormal protein expression, placing the body into a state of vulnerability to the development of various diseases such as cancer. There are many factors involved in liver carcinogenesis, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, alcohol abuse, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The relationship between OS and HCC has recently been attracting increasing attention. Therefore, elucidation of the impact of OS on the development of liver carcinogenesis is very important for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer. This review focuses mainly on the relationship between OS and the development of HCC from the perspective of cellular and molecular mechanisms and the etiology and therapeutic targets of HCC.

For the region where the renewable energy sources are more abundant and the requirement of load on power supply reliability is lower, a bilevel programming model giving priority to renewable energy is proposed, which takes environmental friendliness and economy into account. The lower level giving priority to renewable energy, which aims at maximizing the renewable energy power generation capacity, determines the size of renewable energy; The upper level ensuring the reliability of the system, which aims at minimizing the cost of the whole life cycle including the system initial investment, operation maintenance cost, fuel costs, environmental penalty cost and government subsidies, ultimately determines the optimal capacity configuration of different power sources in the system. Then a hybrid algorithm that combines the genetic algorithm with linear programming to solve this model is constructed. At last, by comparing the bilevel programming model with single layer and single target programming one, the validity and rationality of the model are fully verified, and the influence of the renewable energy penetration power limit, the cost of renewable energy units and the local climate factors on the optimization results are evaluated too.

Global energy development trends and resource endowments determine that clean substitution and electric energy substitution will be important directions for the sustainable development of world energy. Electricity has the advantages of cleanness, safety, and convenience. The implementation of electric energy substitution is of great significance to promote the energy consumption revolution, implement the national energy strategy, and promote clean energy development. At present, many provincial and municipal governments are committed to promoting electrical energy substitution to complete the energy revolution on the consumer side, which has put the local power system to the test. In this paper, a load characteristic change model based on artificial bee colony algorithm for large-scale access of electric energy substitution load is established. In addition, the power load in a typical area is used as an example, and its load change is also calculated.

SUMMARY: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a rare autosomal dominant neurogenetic disease with variable clinical manifestations, which are primarily manifested as neurofibromas, café-au-lait macules (CALMs) and skeletal deformities. Although generally benign, expansile neurofibromas that are characteristic of NF1 readily lead to disturbing deformities. It is often difficult to surgically extirpate a tumor that involves these important tissues or organs. We report a rare case of a patient with neurofibromatosis Type 1. The patient presented with a congenital giant scalp neurofibroma and CALMs in the occipito-cervical region, in addition to ear and occipital deformities. We performed a challenging surgical intervention (a near-total resection) to reduce the tumor burden and rehabilitate the appearance and function of the patient while preserving the intracranial tissue structure. Here, we review this case and analyze the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management of NF1.

In order to reduce the operating costs of enterprises and optimize the business environment, China implemented the policy of reducing the general industrial and commercial electricity price by 10% in 2018 and 2019. This study uses the social accounting matrix to evaluate the effect of policy implementation on the price level of Henan Province. Through price transmission, we analyze the impact of industrial and commercial electricity price changes on production price and consumer price fluctuation of other sectors. The results show that the adjustment of general industrial and commercial electricity price has limited effect on the overall economic price level of Henan Province. The impact of electricity price adjustment on urban consumer price index is higher than that of rural consumer price index.

Amine modified graphene is successfully synthesized via a one-pot solvothermal reaction between graphene oxide and ammonia water, methylamine or n-butyl amine. The presence of amine groups in graphene is identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and an X-ray diffractometer. The ability of amine modified graphene to cleanup fatty acids and other interfering substances from acetonitrile extracts of oil crops has been evaluated. It is found that the resulting CH3NH-G exhibits the best performance in interfering substances removal. Meanwhile, a multi-residue method is validated on 28 representative pesticide residues in four oil crops (rapeseed, peanut, sesame seeds and soybean). This method is based on modified QuEChERS sample preparation with CH3NH-G as reversed-dispersive solid phase extraction material and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Use of matrix-matched standards provides acceptable results for most pesticides with overall average recoveries between 70.5 and 100% and consistent RSDs13%, except for pymetrozine, thidiazuron and diuron. In any case, this method still meets the 0.1-8.3 μg/kg detection limit needs for most pesticides and may be used for qualitative screening applications, in which any identified pesticides can be quantified and confirmed by a more intensive method that achieves70% recovery.

The residue and dissipation of florasulam in wheat and soil were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The dissipation half-lives for florasulam in soil were 0.66 days in Zhejiang and 0.64 days in Hebei. In wheat plant, half-lives of florasulam were 5.16 days in Zhejiang and 2.07 days in Hebei. The residues of florasulam in wheat grain, wheat straw and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.01 mg/kg, the maximum residue level of florasulam). These results would be helpful in setting MRL guidance of florasulam in wheat in China.

Allogeneic liver transplantation induces spontaneous tolerance in mice without a requirement for immunosuppression. The underling mechanisms remain unclear. Our recent studies indicated that Foxp3(+)CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in the induction of spontaneous transplant tolerance. How Treg cells are induced and their functional mechanisms to regulate the response remain undefined. In this study, we employed a mouse liver transplant model using PD-L1-/-, and Flt3L-/- mice to critically examine the role of liver dendritic cells (DCs) and the PD-L1 signal in Treg induction. Our results showed that liver DCs, which expressed a great number of PD-L1 molecules, induced more Foxp3(+)CD25(+)CD4(+) Treg in vitro upon coculture with allogeneic CD4 T cells compared with spleen DCs. The DCs from PD-L1-deficient mice failed to expand Foxp3(+)CD25(+)CD4(+) Treg in vitro. Adoptive transfer of Foxp3(+)CD25(+)CD4(+)Treg expanded from liver DCs prolonged heart allograft survival significantly greater than spleen cell controls. Moreover, liver grafts from Flt3L-/- and PD-L1-/- mice were rejected acutely in C3H recipients. Immunohistochemistry revealed reduced Foxp3(+) cells and significantly increased IL-2, IL-10, and IFN-γ producing elements in the liver grafts and recipient spleens of Flt3L-/- and PD-L1-/- donors. In conclusion, liver DCs play a critical role in the induction of Foxp3(+)CD25(+)CD4(+) Treg, which may mediate spontaneous acceptance of MHC-mismatched liver allografts in mice. The effects of DCs on Foxp3(+)CD25(+)CD4(+) Treg induction and expansion appear to depend on the PD-L1 signal.

Background We aimed to understand the curative effect of liposuction curettage (LC) in the treatment of bromhidrosis. Methods Relevant studies published before January 2017were searched from the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, VIP, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. Parameters including recurrence, complications, complete response, and overall response were assessed. Meta-analysis was performed using the R 3.12 statistical package. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used for dichotomous data. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q-statistic and I test. In addition, Egger's test was conducted to detect publication bias. Results Ten studies with a total of 1124 participants (545 cases and 579 controls) were included. There was no statistical difference in recurrence (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 0.51-2.74), complete response (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.25-1.74), or overall response (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.21-1.87) between the case and control groups. The incidence of complications in the case group was lower than that in the control group (OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.08-0.67) and open excision group (OR = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.07-0.19). Publication bias existed for the recurrence index in the open excision group (t = 3.3979, P = .04), but no publication bias was found in other subgroups, indicating stable results. Conclusions LC, which has fewer complications, can be considered the primary choice in the treatment of patients with bromhidrosis compared with other surgical procedures.

Liver transplant is associated with the induction of peripheral immune tolerance. Liver allografts are accepted spontaneously in most combinations of mismatch in major histocompatibility complex, without any requirements for immunosuppression. Liver nonparenchymal cells (especially dendritic cells and Kupffer cells), costimulatory pathways, and activated T-cell apoptosis may contribute to the induction of liver tolerance. Therefore, liver tolerance is an active process that includes T-cell activation, proliferation, infiltration of the allograft, and T-cell apoptosis. Liver dendritic cells may modulate the amount of alloreactive T cells in liver graft recipients by expressing the coinhibitory molecule programmed death-ligand 1 and the immunosuppressive enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Liver dendritic cells also may induce activated T-cell apoptosis and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Future studies may clarify the precise function of liver nonparenchymal cells, the interactions between programmed death-ligand 1 and other costimulatory signals, and the contribution of the liver microenvironment to the induction and expansion of Foxp 3 regulatory T cells.

γδ T cells are unique population of T cells in which their function still remain unclear. We have demonstrated that γδ T cell mainly located in the liver in mice. Our previous data based on liver transplantation model suggests that γδT cells are involved in the processes of liver transplant tolerance and rejection, and may play a role in the induction of liver graft rejection. In contrast to Foxp3+ CD4+ CD25+ Treg, the majority of γδT cells were mainly located in the liver and did not express TCRαβ and NK receptors, but expressed moderate levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 molecules. It has recently been shown that γδT cells play an important role against tumors and infectious diseases. Methods In this study we employed mouse orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma model, critically examine the role of γδ T cells in the liver and peripheral on liver cancer development. Results The ratio of CD3+ T cells were decreased, but γδ T cells were increased in the surrounding tissue of the tumor and the spleen. Anti-γδ T cells antibody plus IL-2 treatment to tumor barrier mice could further increase the γδ T cells in the liver and spleen and limited the growth of the tumor. Conclusion γδ T cell may plays an important role in immunologic defence against hepatocellular carcinoma. More studies underlying the mechanisms and interplay among liver immune cells are under investigation.