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Abstract Introduction The evidence regarding the effectiveness of Lanzhou Lamb Rotavirus Vaccine (LLR) and RotaTeq (RV5) against gastroenteritis (RVGE) caused by emerging genotypes in Chinese children remains limited. Methods We conducted a test-negative case–control study using gastroenteritis surveillance data from four cities (2020–2023) in Guangdong Province, China. Children aged 2 months to 5 years hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis were enrolled. Cases were rotavirus-positive; controls were rotavirus-negative. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated using multivariable logistic regressions. Results Among 2650 children, 218 (8.2%) were rotavirus-positive, predominantly G8P[8]. Also, 1543 (58.23%) children were unvaccinated, while 632 (23.85%) and 475 (17.92%) received at least one dose of RV5 and LLR, respectively. Adjusted RV5 VE against any RVGE severity was 51.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) − 58.1–85.3%]) for one dose, 37.6% (95% CI − 58.5–75.4%) for two doses, and 64.1% (95% CI 38.0–79.2%) for three doses. For LLR, VE against any RVGE severity was 38.7% (95% CI 5.7–60.2%) for one dose, 74.6% (95% CI 35.3–90.0%) for two doses, and 58.8% (95% CI − 217.6–94.6%) for three doses. Against severe RVGE, RV5 VE was 67.2% (95% CI − 144.7–95.6%) for one dose, 74.0% (95% CI − 92.1–96.5%) for two doses, and 86.6% (95% CI 56.8–95.9%) for three doses. For LLR, VE against severe RVGE was 57.7% (95% CI 20.3–77.6%) for one dose, 73.4% (95% CI 11.9–92.0%) for two doses, and − 27.8% (95% CI − 949.7–84.4%) for three doses. Conclusions Both RV5 and LLR provided protection against RVGE, including the emerging G8P[8] genotype. Three doses of RV5 offered strong protection, while two doses of LLR also appeared to be an effective strategy against rotavirus infection.

This study aimed to provide evidence for co-administration of the COVID-19 and EV71 vaccines in children aged 3 to 5 years. We conducted a phase 4, open-label, randomized, and controlled study. A total of 520 children were randomly allocated to two groups: Group C received the COVID-19 and EV71 vaccines simultaneously, while Group N received the two vaccines separately. The primary immunogenicity endpoints were the seroconversion rates of anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-EV71 antibodies 28 days after the second dose of each respective vaccine. Before vaccination, none of the participants was seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and the baseline seropositivity for anti-EV71 antibodies was low (Group C: 14.86%; Group N: 17.83%). After completing full vaccination, the seroconversion rate of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies reached 100% in both groups, while for anti-EV71 antibodies, the seroconversion rates were 97.99% in Group C and 98.70% in Group N. The lower limit of the 95% confidence interval for the difference in seroconversion rates between the two groups for both COVID-19 and EV71 vaccines met the predefined non-inferiority criteria. Six months post-vaccination, the antibody levels remained high for both vaccines, with the seropositive rates of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at 91.21% in Group C and 92.77% in Group N, and the seropositive rates of anti-EV71 antibodies at 99.16% in Group C and 99.15% in Group N. Safety analysis revealed a lower incidence of adverse reactions in Group C compared to Group N (28.85% vs 45.56%), primarily solicited. Co-administration of the COVID-19 and EV71 vaccines demonstrated a positive safety profile and non-inferior immune responses.Trial registration Number NCT04993365 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

ABSTRACTThis open-label, randomized, phase 3 study in China (V260-074; NCT04481191) evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of concomitant and staggered administration of three doses of an oral, live, pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) and three doses of an intramuscular, inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (IPV) in 400 healthy infants. The primary objective was the non-inferiority of neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses in the concomitant- versus the staggered-use groups. Antibody responses were measured at baseline and 1-month post-dose 3 (PD3). Parents/legal guardians recorded adverse events for 30 or 15 d after study vaccinations in the concomitant-use or staggered-use groups, respectively. At PD3, >98% of participants seroconverted to all three poliovirus types, and the primary objective was met as lower bounds of the two-sided 95% CI for between-group difference in nAb seroconversion percentages ranged from − 4.3% to − 1.6%, for all poliovirus types, p

This study aimed to explore how positional performance varies across different youth age groups and during matches in football competitions. The study encompassed 160 male outfield youth football players (n = 80, under-13, U13; n = 80, under-15, U15) who belonged to the starting line-up and played the entire first half of each match. The players’ positional data were gathered through the global positional system for each of the eight matches performed by each age group. The frequency of near-in-phase synchronization based on speed displacements, spatial exploration index, and the distance to the nearest teammate and opponent were used as variables. Additionally, each match half was segmented into three equal parts to assess changes over time and used as a period factor along with age group. The results indicated that U13 players showed a significant decrease (from small to large ES) in synchronization speed and spatial exploration index throughout the first half of the match, along with a decrease in the distance to the nearest opponent. In contrast, U15 players exhibited most changes during the third segment of the half, with a decrease in speed synchronization and spatial exploration, but an increase in the distance and regularity to the nearest opponent. Comparing both age groups revealed significant differences in speed synchronization across the entire half of the match and within each segmented period (from small to large ES), with U13 consistently showing higher values. The study highlights that long durations in 11 vs. 11 matches might not provide an appropriate learning environment in the U13 age group. Conversely, the U15 group displayed better capacity for tactical adjustments over time, suggesting a higher level of tactical maturity. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of adapting youth football training and competition structures to the developmental needs and capabilities of different age groups to optimize learning and performance outcomes.