120 results on '"Zhuangjian Liu"'
Search Results
2. Three-Dimensional Printable Ball Joints with Variable Stiffness for Robotic Applications Based on Soft Pneumatic Elastomer Actuators
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Jin Guo, Jin-Huat Low, Jun Liu, Yangfan Li, Zhuangjian Liu, and Chen-Hua Yeow
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variable stiffness ball joints ,selective laser sintering technology ,soft pneumatic elastomer actuators ,finite element analysis ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
This paper contributes to a new design of the three-dimensional printable robotic ball joints capable of creating the controllable stiffness linkage between two robot links through pneumatic actuation. The variable stiffness ball joint consists of a soft pneumatic elastomer actuator, a support platform, an inner ball and a socket. The ball joint structure, including the inner ball and the socket, is three-dimensionally printed using polyamide−12 (PA12) by selective laser sintering (SLS) technology as an integral mechanism without the requirement of assembly. The SLS technology can make the ball joint have the advantages of low weight, simple structure, easy to miniaturize and good MRI compatibility. The support platform is designed as a friction-based braking component to increase the stiffness of the ball joint while withstanding the external loads. The soft pneumatic elastomer actuator is responsible for providing the pushing force for the support platform, thereby modulating the frictional force between the inner ball, the socket and the support platform. The most remarkable feature of the proposed variable stiffness design is that the ball joint has ‘zero’ stiffness when no pressurized air is supplied. In the natural state, the inner ball can be freely rotated and twist inside the socket. The proposed ball joint can be quickly stiffened to lock the current position and orientation of the inner ball relative to the socket when the pressurized air is supplied to the soft pneumatic elastomer actuator. The relationship between the stiffness of the ball joint and the input air pressure is investigated in both rotating and twisting directions. The finite element analysis is conducted to optimize the design of the support platform. The stiffness tests are conducted, demonstrating that a significant stiffness enhancement, up to approximately 508.11 N·mm reaction torque in the rotational direction and 571.93 N·mm reaction torque in the twisting direction at the pressure of 400 kPa, can be obtained. Multiple ball joints can be easily assembled to form a variable stiffness structure, in which each ball joint has a relative position and an independent stiffness. Additionally, the degrees of freedom (DOF) of the ball joint can be readily restricted to build the single-DOF or two-DOFs variable stiffness joints for different robotic applications.
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- 2022
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3. Self-assembled three dimensional network designs for soft electronics
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Kyung-In Jang, Kan Li, Ha Uk Chung, Sheng Xu, Han Na Jung, Yiyuan Yang, Jean Won Kwak, Han Hee Jung, Juwon Song, Ce Yang, Ao Wang, Zhuangjian Liu, Jong Yoon Lee, Bong Hoon Kim, Jae-Hwan Kim, Jungyup Lee, Yongjoon Yu, Bum Jun Kim, Hokyung Jang, Ki Jun Yu, Jeonghyun Kim, Jung Woo Lee, Jae-Woong Jeong, Young Min Song, Yonggang Huang, Yihui Zhang, and John A. Rogers
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Science - Abstract
Many low modulus systems, such as sensors, circuits and radios, are in 2D formats that interface with soft human tissue in order to form health monitors or bioelectronic therapeutics. Here the authors produce 3D architectures, which bypass engineering constraints and performance limitations experienced by their 2D counterparts.
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- 2017
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4. Highly conductive 3D metal-rubber composites for stretchable electronic applications
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Yue Zhao, Weidong Yang, Yu Jun Tan, Si Li, Xianting Zeng, Zhuangjian Liu, and Benjamin C.-K. Tee
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Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
Stretchable conductors are critical building blocks for enabling new forms of wearable and curvilinear electronics. In this paper, we introduce a new method using the interfacial design to enable stretchable conductors with ultra-high conductivity and robustness to strain using three-dimensional helical copper micro-interconnects embedded in an elastic rubber substrate (eHelix-Cu). We studied the interfacial mechanics of the metal-elastomer to achieve highly reversible conductivities with strains. The stretchable eHelix-Cu interconnect has an ultra-high conductivity (∼105 S cm−1) that remains almost invariant when stretched to 170%, which is significantly higher than in other approaches using nanomaterials. The stretchable conductors can withstand strains of 100% for thousands of cycles, demonstrating remarkable durability for exciting potential wearable electronic applications.
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- 2019
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5. The finite deformation of the balloon catheter
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Jian Wu and Zhuangjian Liu
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Balloon-based catheter ,Stretchable electronics ,Expansion ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
The balloon-based catheters are attractive for the minimally invasive procedures because these catheters can be configured to match requirements on size and shape for the interaction with the soft tissue. An analytical mechanic model is developed for the deformed balloon to determine the shape of the inflated catheter. The bridges along latitudinal direction should be high stretchable due to the high elongation along the latitude of the inflatable catheter. These results agree well with the finite element method without any parameter fitting.
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- 2016
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6. A Soft Polydimethylsiloxane Liquid Metal Interdigitated Capacitor Sensor and Its Integration in a Flexible Hybrid System for On-Body Respiratory Sensing
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Yida Li, Suryakanta Nayak, Yuxuan Luo, Yijie Liu, Hari Krishna Salila Vijayalal Mohan, Jieming Pan, Zhuangjian Liu, Chun Huat Heng, and Aaron Voon-Yew Thean
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stretchable ,polydimethylsiloxane ,liquid-metal ,capacitor ,Technology ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Microscopy ,QH201-278.5 ,Descriptive and experimental mechanics ,QC120-168.85 - Abstract
We report on the dual mechanical and proximity sensing effect of soft-matter interdigitated (IDE) capacitor sensors, together with its modelling using finite element (FE) simulation to elucidate the sensing mechanism. The IDE capacitor is based on liquid-phase GaInSn alloy (Galinstan) embedded in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfludics channel. The use of liquid-metal as a material for soft sensors allows theoretically infinite deformation without breaking electrical connections. The capacitance sensing is a result of E-field line disturbances from electrode deformation (mechanical effect), as well as floating electrodes in the form of human skin (proximity effect). Using the proximity effect, we show that spatial detection as large as 28 cm can be achieved. As a demonstration of a hybrid electronic system, we show that by integrating the IDE capacitors with a capacitance sensing chip, respiration rate due to a human’s chest motion can be captured, showing potential in its implementation for wearable health-monitoring.
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- 2019
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7. Soft Printable Robots With Flexible Metal Endoskeleton.
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Chao-Yu Chen, Benjamin Wee Keong Ang, Yangfan Li, Jun Liu, Zhuangjian Liu, and Chen-Hua Yeow
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- 2024
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8. Towards Optimal Design of Dielectric Elastomer Actuators Using a Graph Neural Network Encoder.
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Yangfan Li, Jun Liu, Wenyu Liang, and Zhuangjian Liu
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- 2023
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9. OriWheelBot: An origami-wheeled robot.
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Jie Liu, Zufeng Pang, Zhiyong Li, Guilin Wen, Zhoucheng Su, Junfeng He, Kaiyue Liu, Dezheng Jiang, Zenan Li, Shouyan Chen, Yang Tian, Yi Min Xie, Zhenpei Wang, and Zhuangjian Liu
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- 2023
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10. Simulation Data Driven Design Optimization for Reconfigurable Soft Gripper System.
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Jun Liu, Jin Huat Low, Qian Qian Han, Marisa Lim, Dingjie Lu, Chen-Hua Yeow, and Zhuangjian Liu
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- 2022
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11. Sensorized Reconfigurable Soft Robotic Gripper System for Automated Food Handling
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Yee Seng Teoh, Zhuangjian Liu, Haicheng Yao, Jin Huat Low, Pablo Valdivia y Alvarado, I-Ming Chen, Si Li, Yadan Zeng, Chen-Hua Yeow, Benjamin C. K. Tee, Jun Liu, Qian Qian Han, and Phone May Khin
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Computer science ,Orientation (computer vision) ,business.industry ,SCOOP ,Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition ,Soft robotics ,Computer Science Applications ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Control system ,Benchmark (computing) ,Computer vision ,Artificial intelligence ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,computer ,Tactile sensor ,computer.programming_language ,Haptic technology - Abstract
This article presents a versatile soft robotic gripper system whereby its fingers can be reconfigured into different poses such as scoop, pinch, and claw. This allows the gripper to efficiently and safely handle food samples of different shapes, sizes and stiffness such as uncooked tofu and broccoli floret. The 3D-printed fingers were tested to last up to 25 000 cycles without significant changes in the curvature profile and force output profile. A benchmark experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of the gripper and state-of-the-art gripping solutions. Capability of versatile soft gripper was optimized by integrating vision and tactile sensing facilities. An object recognition system was developed to identify food samples such as potato, broccoli, and sausage. Position and orientation of food samples were identified and pick-and-place pathway was optimized to achieve the best gripping performance. Flexible tactile sensors were integrated into soft fingers and closed-loop force feedback control system was developed. This allowed the gripper to automatically explore and select the most stable grip pose for different food samples. Integration of vision and force feedback system ensure that objects detected by the system would be firmly gripped. The reconfigurable soft robotic gripper system has been demonstrated to perform high-speed pick-and-place tasks (∼3 s per item) with object recognition system, making it a potential solution to food and grocery supply chain needs.
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- 2022
12. Kirigami-Inspired 3D Printable Soft Pneumatic Actuators with Multiple Deformation Modes for Soft Robotic Applications
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Jin Guo, Zeyu Li, Jin-Huat Low, Qianqian Han, Chao-Yu Chen, Jun Liu, Zhuangjian Liu, and Chen-Hua Yeow
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Artificial Intelligence ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Biophysics - Published
- 2023
13. Technology roadmap for flexible sensors
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Yifei Luo, Mohammad Reza Abidian, Jong-Hyun Ahn, Deji Akinwande, Anne M. Andrews, Markus Antonietti, Zhenan Bao, Magnus Berggren, Christopher A. Berkey, Christopher John Bettinger, Jun Chen, Peng Chen, Wenlong Cheng, Xu Cheng, Seon-Jin Choi, Alex Chortos, Canan Dagdeviren, Reinhold H. Dauskardt, Chong-an Di, Michael D. Dickey, Xiangfeng Duan, Antonio Facchetti, Zhiyong Fan, Yin Fang, Jianyou Feng, Xue Feng, Huajian Gao, Wei Gao, Xiwen Gong, Chuan Fei Guo, Xiaojun Guo, Martin C. Hartel, Zihan He, John S. Ho, Youfan Hu, Qiyao Huang, Yu Huang, Fengwei Huo, Muhammad M. Hussain, Ali Javey, Unyong Jeong, Chen Jiang, Xingyu Jiang, Jiheong Kang, Daniil Karnaushenko, Ali Khademhosseini, Dae-Hyeong Kim, Il-Doo Kim, Dmitry Kireev, Lingxuan Kong, Chengkuo Lee, Nae-Eung Lee, Pooi See Lee, Tae-Woo Lee, Fengyu Li, Jinxing Li, Cuiyuan Liang, Chwee Teck Lim, Yuanjing Lin, Darren J. Lipomi, Jia Liu, Kai Liu, Nan Liu, Ren Liu, Yuxin Liu, Yuxuan Liu, Zhiyuan Liu, Zhuangjian Liu, Xian Jun Loh, Nanshu Lu, Zhisheng Lv, Shlomo Magdassi, George G. Malliaras, Naoji Matsuhisa, Arokia Nathan, Simiao Niu, Jieming Pan, Changhyun Pang, Qibing Pei, Huisheng Peng, Dianpeng Qi, Huaying Ren, John A. Rogers, Aaron Rowe, Oliver G. Schmidt, Tsuyoshi Sekitani, Dae-Gyo Seo, Guozhen Shen, Xing Sheng, Qiongfeng Shi, Takao Someya, Yanlin Song, Eleni Stavrinidou, Meng Su, Xuemei Sun, Kuniharu Takei, Xiao-Ming Tao, Benjamin C. K. Tee, Aaron Voon-Yew Thean, Tran Quang Trung, Changjin Wan, Huiliang Wang, Joseph Wang, Ming Wang, Sihong Wang, Ting Wang, Zhong Lin Wang, Paul S. Weiss, Hanqi Wen, Sheng Xu, Tailin Xu, Hongping Yan, Xuzhou Yan, Hui Yang, Le Yang, Shuaijian Yang, Lan Yin, Cunjiang Yu, Guihua Yu, Jing Yu, Shu-Hong Yu, Xinge Yu, Evgeny Zamburg, Haixia Zhang, Xiangyu Zhang, Xiaosheng Zhang, Xueji Zhang, Yihui Zhang, Yu Zhang, Siyuan Zhao, Xuanhe Zhao, Yuanjin Zheng, Yu-Qing Zheng, Zijian Zheng, Tao Zhou, Bowen Zhu, Ming Zhu, Rong Zhu, Yangzhi Zhu, Yong Zhu, Guijin Zou, Xiaodong Chen, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science (IDMxS), and Center for Integrated Circuits and Systems
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Materials [Engineering] ,Soft Materials ,Mechanics Engineering ,General Engineering ,General Physics and Astronomy ,General Materials Science - Abstract
Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity. Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) National Research Foundation (NRF) Submitted/Accepted version Y.L., Z.L., M.Z., and X.C. acknowledge the National Research Foundation, Singapore (NRF) under NRF’s Medium Sized Centre: Singapore Hybrid-Integrated Next-Generation μElectronics (SHINE) Centre funding programme, and AME programming funding scheme of Cyber Physiochemical Interface (CPI) project (no. A18A1b0045). Y.L. acknowledges National Natural Science Foundation of China (62201243). C.J. acknowledges funding support from the National Key R&D Program of China (no. 2019YFA0706100), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82151305), Lingang Laboratory (LG-QS-202202-09). T.Q.T. and N.E.L. acknowledge support by the Basic Science Research Program (no. 2020R1A2C3013480) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT. A.F. acknowledges the AFOSR (grant FA9550-22-1-0423). Y.L. and Y.Z. would like to acknowledge the NSF (award no. 2134664) and NIH (award no. R01HD108473) for financial support. X.F. acknowledges the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. U20A6001). L.Y. would like to thank the A*STAR Central Research Fund (CRF) and the AME Programmatic A18A1b0045 (Cyber Physiochemical Interfaces) for funding support. C.F.G. acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. T2225017). T.Q.T. acknowledges the Brain Pool Program (No. 2020H1D3A2A02111068) through the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science. Z.L. acknowledges the support from RIE2020 AME Programmatic Grant funded by A*STAR-SERC, Singapore (Grant No. A18A1b0045). X.G. acknowledges funding support through the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission (grant no. 19JC1412400), the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars (grant no. 61922057). C.D. acknowledges National Science Foundation CAREER: Conformable Piezoelectrics for Soft Tissue Imaging (grant no. 2044688) and MIT Media Lab Consortium funding. D.K. and O.G.S. acknowledge Leibniz Association and the German Research Foundation DFG (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Program SCHM 1298/22-1, KA5051/1-1 and KA 5051/3-1), as well as the Leibniz association (Leibniz Transfer Program T62/2019). C.W. acknowledges the National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant no. 2021YFA1202600), National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 62174082). A.V.-Y.T., E.Z., Y.Z., X.Z., and J.P. acknowledge the National Research Foundation, Singapore (NRF) under NRF’s Medium Sized Centre: Singapore Hybrid-Integrated Next-Generation μElectronics (SHINE) Centre funding programme, and AME programming funding scheme of Cyber Physiochemical Interface (CPI) project (no. A18A1b0045). R.Z. acknowledges National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 51735007) and Beijing Natural Science Foundation (grant no. 3191001). N.M. acknowledges the support by JST PRESTO Grant Number JPMJPR20B7 and JST Adaptable and Seamless Technology transfer Program through Target-driven R&D (ASTEP) grant number JPMJTM22BK. C.P. acknowledges the Korean government (Ministry of Science and ICT, MSIT) (2022R1A4A3032923). M.W. acknowledges the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant (2021YFB3601200). X.Z. acknowledges National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 62074029). S.X. acknowledges the 3M nontenured faculty award. T.-W.L. and D.-G.S. acknowledge the Pioneer Research Center Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (grant no. NRF-2022M3C1A3081211). C.T.L. would like to acknowledge support from the Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), the MechanoBioEngineering Laboratory at the Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials (I-FIM) at the National University of Singapore (NUS). C.T.L. also acknowledges support from the National Research Foundation and A*STAR, under its RIE2020 Industry Alignment Fund − Industry Collaboration Projects (IAF-ICP) (grant no. I2001E0059) − SIA-NUS Digital Aviation Corp Lab and the NUS ARTIC Research (grant no. HFM-RP1). X.Y. acknowledges funding support by City University of Hong Kong (grant no. 9667221). T.X. and X.Z. acknowledge National Natural Science Foundation of China (22234006). B.C.K.T. acknowledges Cyber-Physiochemical Interfaces CPI, A*STAR A18A1b0045. H.G. acknowledges a research start-up grant (002479-00001) from Nanyang Technological University and the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) in Singapore. W.G. acknowledges National Science Foundation grant 2145802. D.J.L. acknowledges support from the US National Science Foundation grant number CBET-2223566. G.Y. acknowledges support from The Welch Foundation award F-1861, and Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award. M.D.D. acknowledges funding support from NSF (grant no. EEC1160483). J.-H.A acknowledges the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2015R1A3A2066337). J.C. acknowledges the Henry Samueli School of Engineering & Applied Science and the Department of Bioengineering at the University of California, Los Angeles for startup support and a Brain & Behavior Research Foundation Young Investigator Grant. K.T. acknowledges JST AIP Accelerated Program (no. JPMJCR21U1) and JSPS KAKENHI (grant no. JP22H00594). P.S.W. acknowledges the National Science Foundation (CMMI1636136) for support. A.M.A., M.C.H., and P.S.W. thank the National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA045550) for support. S.M. and X.C. appreciated the support from the Smart Grippers for Soft Robotics (SGSR) Programme under the National Research Foundation, Prime Minister’s Office, Singapore under its Campus of Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) programme.
- Published
- 2023
14. Low‐Temperature Resistant Stretchable Micro‐Supercapacitor Based on 3D Printed Octet‐Truss Design
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Congjian Lin, Yuan‐Fang Zhang, Dingjie Lu, Arlindo Silva, Zhuangjian Liu, and Hui Ying Yang
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Biomaterials ,General Materials Science ,General Chemistry ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2023
15. Gesture Selection Strategy of Reconfigurable Soft Gripper System Using a Data-Driven Scheme
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Yangfan Li, Jun Liu, Zhuangjian Liu, Jin Huat Low, Jin Jin, and Chen Hua Yeow
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- 2022
16. Near–hysteresis-free soft tactile electronic skins for wearables and reliable machine learning
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Benjamin C. K. Tee, Wen Cheng, Zhuangjian Liu, W.D. Yang, Yu Jun Tan, Haicheng Yao, Hian Hian See, Brian Lim, Si Li, and Hashina Parveen Anwar Ali
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Resistive touchscreen ,Multidisciplinary ,Materials science ,Acoustics ,Materials Science ,Electronic skin ,Pulse Wave Analysis ,Tactile perception ,Piezoresistive effect ,Machine Learning ,Wearable Electronic Devices ,Hysteresis ,Neuromorphic engineering ,Physical Sciences ,Pressure ,Humans ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Tactile sensor - Abstract
Electronic skins are essential for real-time health monitoring and tactile perception in robots. Although the use of soft elastomers and microstructures have improved the sensitivity and pressure-sensing range of tactile sensors, the intrinsic viscoelasticity of soft polymeric materials remains a long-standing challenge resulting in cyclic hysteresis. This causes sensor data variations between contact events that negatively impact the accuracy and reliability. Here, we introduce the Tactile Resistive Annularly Cracked E-Skin (TRACE) sensor to address the inherent trade-off between sensitivity and hysteresis in tactile sensors when using soft materials. We discovered that piezoresistive sensors made using an array of three-dimensional (3D) metallic annular cracks on polymeric microstructures possess high sensitivities (> 10(7) Ω ⋅ kPa(−1)), low hysteresis (2.99 ± 1.37%) over a wide pressure range (0–20 kPa), and fast response (400 Hz). We demonstrate that TRACE sensors can accurately detect and measure the pulse wave velocity (PWV) when skin mounted. Moreover, we show that these tactile sensors when arrayed enabled fast reliable one-touch surface texture classification with neuromorphic encoding and deep learning algorithms.
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- 2020
17. Intrinsic elastic conductors with internal buckled electron pathway for flexible electromagnetic interference shielding and tumor ablation
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Xiaoyu Hu, Yinsong Wang, Wenqian He, Dong Qian, Rui Zhang, Yuanyuan Cheng, Zhuangjian Liu, Xiang Zhou, Zunfeng Liu, Zhongsheng Liu, Jinkun Sun, and Chao Zhang
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Materials science ,Soft robotics ,02 engineering and technology ,Carbon nanotube ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Finite element method ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,Conductor ,Buckling ,law ,General Materials Science ,Composite material ,Deformation (engineering) ,0210 nano-technology ,Layer (electronics) ,Electrical conductor - Abstract
The elastic conductor is crucial in wearable electronics and soft robotics. The ideal intrinsic elastic bulk conductors show uniform three-dimensional conductive networks and stable resistance during large stretch. A challenge is that the variation of resistance is high under deformation due to disconnection of conductive pathway for bulk elastic conductors. Our strategy is to introduce buckled structure into the conductive network, by self-assembly of a carbon nanotube layer on the interconnecting micropore surface of a prestrained foam, followed by strain relaxation. Both unfolding of buckles and flattening of micropores contributed to the stability of the resistance under deformation (2.0% resistance variation under 70% strain). Microstructural analysis and finite element analysis illustrated different patterns of two-dimensional buckling structures could be obtained due to the imperfections in the conductive layer. Applications as all-directional interconnects, stretchable electromagnetic interference shielding and electrothermal tumor ablation were demonstrated.
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- 2020
18. Bioinspired, Microstructured Silk Fibroin Adhesives for Flexible Skin Sensors
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Ying Jiang, Ting Wang, Zhuangjian Liu, Xijian Liu, Jilei Wang, Xiaodong Chen, Jun Liu, Junqing Hu, Jing Yu, and School of Materials Science and Engineering
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Materials science ,Finite Element Analysis ,Skin surfaces ,Fibroin ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Wearable Electronic Devices ,Adhesives ,Skin Physiological Phenomena ,Skin surface ,Humans ,General Materials Science ,Skin ,Materials [Engineering] ,integumentary system ,fungi ,Adhesion ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Biocompatible material ,0104 chemical sciences ,Micro-structured Adhesives ,Adhesive ,Fibroins ,0210 nano-technology ,Silk Fibroin Protein - Abstract
Wearable epidermal sensors are of great importance to the next generation of personalized healthcare. The adhesion between the flexible sensor and skin surface is critical for obtaining accurate, reliable, and stable signals. Herein we present a facile approach to fabricate a microstructured, natural silk fibroin protein-based adhesive for achieving highly conformal, comfortable, adjustable, and biocompatible adhesion on the skin surface. The microstructured fibroin adhesive (MSFA) exhibits reliable and stable bonding force on skin surfaces, even under humid or wet conditions, and can be easily peeled off from the skin without causing significant pain. Such an MSFA can greatly improve the sensitivity and reusability of epidermal strain sensors because of its conformal and tunable adhesion on skin surfaces. The MFSA has a great potential to be applied as a functional adhesive for various epidermal electronic sensors in the era of personalized healthcare. MOE (Min. of Education, S’pore) Accepted version
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- 2020
19. Artificial spider silk from ion-doped and twisted core-sheath hydrogel fibres
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Shaoli Fang, Xiang Zhou, Tianjiao Jia, Wenqian He, Kai Wen, Yuanyuan Dou, Pingchuan Sun, Zunfeng Liu, Jingjing Li, Zhuangjian Liu, Zhen-Pei Wang, Enlai Gao, Dong Qian, and Xiaoyu Hu
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Toughness ,Materials science ,Fabrication ,Science ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Mechanical properties ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,Damping capacity ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Spider silk ,Composite material ,lcsh:Science ,Spider ,Multidisciplinary ,Polyacrylic acid ,General Chemistry ,Yarn ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,lcsh:Q ,0210 nano-technology ,Gels and hydrogels - Abstract
Spider silks show unique combinations of strength, toughness, extensibility, and energy absorption. To date, it has been difficult to obtain spider silk-like mechanical properties using non-protein approaches. Here, we report on an artificial spider silk produced by the water-evaporation-induced self-assembly of hydrogel fibre made from polyacrylic acid and silica nanoparticles. The artificial spider silk consists of hierarchical core-sheath structured hydrogel fibres, which are reinforced by ion doping and twist insertion. The fibre exhibits a tensile strength of 895 MPa and a stretchability of 44.3%, achieving mechanical properties comparable to spider silk. The material also presents a high toughness of 370 MJ m−3 and a damping capacity of 95%. The hydrogel fibre shows only ~1/9 of the impact force of cotton yarn with negligible rebound when used for impact reduction applications. This work opens an avenue towards the fabrication of artificial spider silk with applications in kinetic energy buffering and shock-absorbing., Different models are believed to be the reason for the superior mechanical properties of spider silk. Here, the authors prepare artificial spider silk by water-evaporation-induced self-assembly of a hydrogel fibre made from polyacrylic acid and silica nanoparticles.
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- 2019
20. Battery‐Free, Wireless, Ionic Liquid Sensor Arrays to Monitor Pressure and Temperature of Patients in Bed and Wheelchair
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Hyeonseok Han, Yong Suk Oh, Seokjoo Cho, Hyunwoo Park, Sung‐Uk Lee, Kabseok Ko, Jae‐Man Park, Jungrak Choi, Ji‐Hwan Ha, Chankyu Han, Zichen Zhao, Zhuangjian Liu, Zhaoqian Xie, Je‐Sang Lee, Weon Gi Min, Byeong‐Ju Lee, Jahyun Koo, Dong Yun Choi, Minkyu Je, Jeong‐Yun Sun, and Inkyu Park
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Biomaterials ,General Materials Science ,General Chemistry ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Repositioning is a common guideline for the prevention of pressure injuries of bedridden or wheelchair patients. However, frequent repositioning could deteriorate the quality of patient's life and induce secondary injuries. This paper introduces a method for continuous multi-site monitoring of pressure and temperature distribution from strategically deployed sensor arrays at skin interfaces via battery-free, wireless ionic liquid pressure sensors. The wirelessly delivered power enables stable operation of the ionic liquid pressure sensor, which shows enhanced sensitivity, negligible hysteresis, high linearity and cyclic stability over relevant pressure range. The experimental investigations of the wireless devices, verified by numerical simulation of the key responses, support capabilities for real-time, continuous, long-term monitoring of the pressure and temperature distribution from multiple sensor arrays. Clinical trials on two hemiplegic patients confined on bed or wheelchair integrated with the system demonstrate the feasibility of sensor arrays for a decrease in pressure and temperature distribution under minimal repositioning.
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- 2022
21. Integrated shape and size optimization of curved tetra-chiral and anti-tetra-chiral auxetics using isogeometric analysis
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Zhen-Pei Wang, Yingjun Wang, Leong Hien Poh, and Zhuangjian Liu
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Ceramics and Composites ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Published
- 2022
22. Recycling of vitrimer blends with tunable thermomechanical properties
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Martin L. Dunn, Wang Zhang, Biao Zhang, H. Jerry Qi, Zhuangjian Liu, Chao Yuan, Qi Ge, and Kai Yu
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Network integrity ,Materials science ,General Chemical Engineering ,Composite number ,Weldability ,Thermosetting polymer ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Polymer ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Vitrimers ,Complex chemistry ,chemistry ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology ,Parametric statistics - Abstract
Vitrimers are a new class of thermosetting polymers that can be thermally processed through bond exchange reactions (BERs) without losing network integrity. In engineering applications, the tunability of their thermomechanical properties is highly desirable to meet the requirements of different working conditions. Here, we report a simple composite-based strategy that avoids complex chemistry to prepare vitrimer blends with tunable thermomechanical properties by virtue of the good weldability of base vitrimers. Effects of processing parameters (such as temperature and time) on the properties of recycled vitrimer blends are experimentally investigated. A computational model that accounts for the random distribution of component vitrimer particles is developed to predict the thermomechanical properties of the recycled vitrimer blends with various compositions. Good agreement is achieved between theoretical prediction and experiment. Parametric studies are further conducted by employing the computational model to explore the designability and provide some basic principles to guide the design of recycled vitrimer blends. Reasonable recyclability of the vitrimer blends is verified by multiple generations of recycling experiments.
- Published
- 2019
23. Effect of surface functionality of molecularly imprinted composite nanospheres on specific recognition of proteins
- Author
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Zhuangjian Liu, Yarong Xu, Ping Guan, Yuan Cheng, Xiaoling Hu, and Nan Zhang
- Subjects
Materials science ,Polymers ,Bioengineering ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biomaterials ,Molecular Imprinting ,Adsorption ,Animals ,Bovine serum albumin ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Biomaterial ,Serum Albumin, Bovine ,Polymer ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Polymerization ,Mechanics of Materials ,Drug delivery ,biology.protein ,Cattle ,0210 nano-technology ,Biosensor ,Nanospheres ,Protein adsorption - Abstract
The surface functionality of biomaterial plays a primary role in determining its application in biorecognition and drug delivery. In our work, three types of synthetic tailoring polymer nanospheres with hierarchical architecture were constructed to obtain functional polymer layer with disparate chemical motifs for protein adsorption via surface imprinting and grafting copolymerization. In this polymerization system, the structure stability of template protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) is well maintained within a certain range, which facilitated the accurate imprinting and precise identification. A comprehensive protocol for screening different functional layer is proposed through comparing the adsorption behavior, selectivity, identification and responsiveness to medium pH of three functional layers. Our study demonstrates that surface functionality greatly influences the adsorption capacity and selectivity of adsorption material. The functional layer with ionic liquid structure that could only provide multiple non-covalent binding sites is beneficial to the proteins aggregation and extraction, while the anti-nonspecific binding functional layer of biomaterial with zwitterionic structure for specific protein capture is promising to serve as a preferable antigen-antibody communication network, which shows great potential for protein recognition and separation. In summary, our proposed strategy provides a systematic selection criterion of biomaterials for effective application in biosensors.
- Published
- 2020
24. Mechanically Durable Memristor Arrays Based on a Discrete Structure Design
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Xun Cao, Yaqing Liu, Xiaodong Chen, Changxian Wang, Ming Wang, Zequn Cui, Alfred Iing Yoong Tok, Changjin Wan, Zhuangjian Liu, Wan Ru Leow, Dingjie Lu, Yizhong Huang, Liang Pan, Ting Wang, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices, and Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses
- Subjects
Materials science ,Materials [Engineering] ,business.industry ,Information storage ,Mechanical Engineering ,Discrete Structure ,Stretchable electronics ,Soft robotics ,Memristor ,Mechanical Damage Endurance ,law.invention ,Mechanics of Materials ,law ,Electronic engineering ,Structure design ,General Materials Science ,business ,Wearable technology - Abstract
Memristors constitute a promising functional component for information storage and in-memory computing in flexible and stretchable electronics including wearable devices, prosthetics, and soft robotics. Despite tremendous efforts made to adapt conventional rigid memristors to flexible and stretchable scenarios, stretchable and mechanical-damage-endurable memristors, which are critical for maintaining reliable functions under unexpected mechanical attack, have never been achieved. Here, the development of stretchable memristors with mechanical damage endurance based on a discrete structure design is reported. The memristors possess large stretchability (40%) and excellent deformability (half-fold), and retain stable performances under dynamic stretching and releasing. It is shown that the memristors maintain reliable functions and preserve information after extreme mechanical damage, including puncture (up to 100 times) and serious tearing situations (fully diagonally cut). The structural strategy offers new opportunities for next-generation stretchable memristors with mechanical damage endurance, which is vital to achieve reliable functions for flexible and stretchable electronics even in extreme and highly dynamic environments. Submitted/Accepted version T.W. and Z.C. contributed equally to this work. The project was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF), Prime Minister’s office, Singapore, under its NRF Investigatorship (NRF-NRFI2017-07), Singapore Ministry of Education (MOE2017-T2-2-107 and MOE2019-T2-2-022), and the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) under its Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering (AME) Programmatic Funding Scheme (project #A18A1b0045).
- Published
- 2021
25. Scaling Metal‐Elastomer Composites toward Stretchable Multi‐Helical Conductive Paths for Robust Responsive Wearable Health Devices
- Author
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W.D. Yang, Benjamin C. K. Tee, Shaohua Ling, David Kwok Hung Lee, Hian Hian See, Zhuangjian Liu, Ju Teng Teo, Yu Jun Tan, Zijie Yang, Yue Zhao, Dingjie Lu, Shihao Li, and Xianting Zeng
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,Textiles ,Stretchable electronics ,Electric Conductivity ,Biomedical Engineering ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Wearable computer ,Elastomer ,Piezoresistive effect ,Flexible electronics ,Biomaterials ,Wearable Electronic Devices ,Elastomers ,Heart Rate ,Robustness (computer science) ,Optoelectronics ,business ,Electrical conductor ,Wearable technology - Abstract
Stretchable electronics have advanced rapidly and many applications require high repeatability and robustness under various mechanical deformations. It has been described here that how a highly stretchable and reliable conductor composite made from helical copper wires and a soft elastomer, named eHelix, can provide mechanically robust and strain-insensitive electronic conductivity for wearable devices. The reversibility of the mechanical behavior of the metal-elastomer system has been studied using finite element modeling methods. Optimal design parameters of such helical metal-elastomer structures are found. The scaling of multiple copper wires into such helical shapes to form a Multi-eHelix system is further shown. With the same elastomer volume, Multi-eHelix has more conductive paths and a higher current density than the single-eHelix. Integrations of these eHelix stretchable conductors with fabrics showed wearable displays that can survive machine-washes and hundreds of mechanical loading cycles. The integration of the eHelix developed by us with a wearable optical heart rate sensor enabled a wearable health monitoring system that can display measured heart rates on clothing. Furthermore, Multi-eHelix conductors are used to connect flexible printed circuit boards and piezoresistive sensors on a tactile sensing glove for the emerging sensorized prosthetics.
- Published
- 2021
26. A Soft Polydimethylsiloxane Liquid Metal Interdigitated Capacitor Sensor and Its Integration in a Flexible Hybrid System for On-Body Respiratory Sensing
- Author
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Zhuangjian Liu, Hari Krishna Salila Vijayalal Mohan, Yijie Liu, Suryakanta Nayak, Yuxuan Luo, Chun-Huat Heng, Aaron Thean, Yida Li, and Jieming Pan
- Subjects
Materials science ,stretchable ,Capacitance ,lcsh:Technology ,Article ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,law ,General Materials Science ,polydimethylsiloxane ,lcsh:Microscopy ,lcsh:QC120-168.85 ,Polydimethylsiloxane ,lcsh:QH201-278.5 ,business.industry ,lcsh:T ,Chip ,Line (electrical engineering) ,Galinstan ,Capacitor ,chemistry ,lcsh:TA1-2040 ,Hybrid system ,Proximity effect (audio) ,Optoelectronics ,liquid-metal ,capacitor ,lcsh:Descriptive and experimental mechanics ,lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,business ,lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,lcsh:TK1-9971 - Abstract
We report on the dual mechanical and proximity sensing effect of soft-matter interdigitated (IDE) capacitor sensors, together with its modelling using finite element (FE) simulation to elucidate the sensing mechanism. The IDE capacitor is based on liquid-phase GaInSn alloy (Galinstan) embedded in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfludics channel. The use of liquid-metal as a material for soft sensors allows theoretically infinite deformation without breaking electrical connections. The capacitance sensing is a result of E-field line disturbances from electrode deformation (mechanical effect), as well as floating electrodes in the form of human skin (proximity effect). Using the proximity effect, we show that spatial detection as large as 28 cm can be achieved. As a demonstration of a hybrid electronic system, we show that by integrating the IDE capacitors with a capacitance sensing chip, respiration rate due to a human&rsquo, s chest motion can be captured, showing potential in its implementation for wearable health-monitoring.
- Published
- 2019
27. Binodal, wireless epidermal electronic systems with in-sensor analytics for neonatal intensive care
- Author
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Dominic Grande, Yujun Deng, Arin Ryu, Myeong Namkoong, Bong Hoon Kim, Hokyung Jang, Debra E. Weese-Mayer, Christopher Ogle, Jaeseok Jeong, Amy S. Paller, Molly Schau, Naresh R. Shanbhag, Zhaoqian Xie, Casey M. Rand, Yonggang Huang, John A. Rogers, Yechan Lee, Dennis Ryu, Jean Won Kwak, Chi Hwan Lee, Shuai Xu, Kevin You, Yihui Zhang, Pourya Assem, Jeonghyun Kim, Jong Yoon Lee, Ha Uk Chung, Bowen Ji, Anthony Banks, Kun Hyuck Lee, Yongjoon Yu, Xue Feng, Jun Bin Park, Aaron Hamvas, Jongwon Kim, Kyung In Jang, Ji Yoon Jeong, Qingze Huo, Roozbeh Ghaffari, Seungmin Lee, Jungyup Lee, Yeshou Xu, Do Hoon Kim, Zhuangjian Liu, and E. Ibler
- Subjects
Diagnostic Imaging ,Computer science ,Critical Illness ,Vital signs ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Intensive care ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Medical imaging ,Wireless ,Humans ,Wireless power transfer ,Monitoring, Physiologic ,Skin ,Signal processing ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Vital Signs ,Continuous monitoring ,Infant, Newborn ,Equipment Design ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Biomedicine ,Analytics ,Embedded system ,Intensive Care, Neonatal ,Electronics ,Epidermis ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Wireless Technology - Abstract
Existing vital signmonitoring systems in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) requiremultiple wires connected to rigid sensors with strongly adherent interfaces to the skin.We introduce a pair of ultrathin, soft, skin-like electronic devices whose coordinated, wireless operation reproduces the functionality of these traditional technologies but bypasses their intrinsic limitations.The enabling advances in engineering science include designs that support wireless, battery-free operation; real-time, in-sensor data analytics; time-synchronized, continuous data streaming; soft mechanics and gentle adhesive interfaces to the skin; and compatibility with visual inspection and with medical imaging techniques used in the NICU. Preliminary studies on neonates admitted to operating NICUs demonstrate performance comparable to the most advanced clinical-standard monitoring systems. INTRODUCTION In neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), continuous monitoring of vital signs is essential, particularly in cases of severe prematurity. Currentmonitoring platforms requiremultiple hard-wired, rigid interfaces to a neonate’s fragile, underdeveloped skin and, in some cases, invasive lines inserted into their delicate arteries. These platforms and theirwired interfaces pose risks for iatrogenic skin injury, create physical barriers for skin-to-skin parental/neonate bonding, and frustrate even basic clinical tasks. Technologies that bypass these limitations and provide additional, advanced physiological monitoring capabilities would directly address an unmet clinical need for a highly vulnerable population. Wireless, skin-like systems for vital signs monitoring in neonatal intensive care. (A) Images and finite-element modeling results for ECG and PPG devices bent around glass cylinders. (B) A neonate with an ECG device on the chest. (C and D) A mother holding her infant with a PPG device on the foot and an ECG device on the chest (C) and on the back (D). RATIONALE It is now possible to fabricate wireless, battery-free vital signs monitoring systems based on ultrathin, “skin-like” measurement modules. These devices can gently and noninvasively interface onto the skin of neonateswith gestational ages down to the edge of viability. Four essential advances in engineering science serve as the foundations for this technology: (i) schemes for wireless power transfer, low-noise sensing, and high-speed data communications via a single radio-frequency linkwith negligible absorption in biological tissues; (ii) efficient algorithms for real-time data analytics, signal processing, and dynamic baseline modulation implemented on the sensor platforms themselves; (iii) strategies for time-synchronized streaming of wireless data from two separate devices; and (iv) designs that enable visual inspection of the skin interface while also allowing magnetic resonance imaging and x-ray imaging of the neonate. The resulting systems can be much smaller in size, lighter in weight, and less traumatic to the skin than any existing alternative. RESULTS We report the realization of this class ofNICU monitoring technology, embodied as a pair of devices that, when used in a timesynchronized fashion, can reconstruct full vital signs information with clinical-grade precision. One device mounts on the chest to capture electrocardiograms (ECGs); the other rests on the base of the foot to simultaneously record photoplethysmograms (PPGs). This binodal system captures and continuously transmits ECG, PPG, and (fromeach device) skin temperature data, yieldingmeasurements of heart rate, heart rate variability, respiration rate, blood oxygenation, and pulse arrival time as a surrogate of systolic blood pressure. Successful tests on neonates with gestational ages ranging from 28 weeks to full term demonstrate the full range of functions in two level III NICUs. The thin, lightweight, low-modulus characteristics of these wireless devices allow for interfaces to the skinmediated by forces that are nearly an order ofmagnitude smaller than those associated with adhesives used for conventional hardware in the NICU. This reduction greatly lowers the potential for iatrogenic injuries. CONCLUSION The advances outlined here serve as the basis for a skin-like technology that not only reproduces capabilities currently provided by invasive, wired systems as the standard of care, but also offers multipoint sensing of temperature and continuous tracking of blood pressure, all with substantially safer device-skin interfaces and compatibility with medical imaging. By eliminating wired connections, these platforms also facilitate therapeutic skin-to-skin contact between neonates and parents, which is known to stabilize vital signs, reduce morbidity, and promote parental bonding. Beyond use in advanced hospital settings, these systems also offer costeffective capabilities with potential relevance to global health.
- Published
- 2019
28. Computational Mechanics for Flexible and Wearable Electronics
- Author
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Zhuangjian Liu
- Subjects
Stress (mechanics) ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Microfluidics ,Photovoltaic system ,Computational mechanics ,Mechanical engineering ,Electronics ,Conformable matrix ,business ,Wearable technology ,Electronic circuit - Abstract
The flexible and wearable electronics system is an emerging technology for next-generation electronics. This type of electronics system can geometrically accommodate large mechanical deformations without imparting significant strains and stress in the materials from which it is constructed. Potential applications of this technology include flexible sensors, communicative packaging, transmitters and new photovoltaic and microfluidic devices, as well as areas of medicine and athletics for which flexible and conformable electronics are required. Computational Mechanics studies reveal many of the key underlying aspects of these systems and can establish important design criteria concerning device failure. For example, results are used to indicate the maximum strain or stress in a system, or the critical strain for buckling, etc. Furthermore, studies are made to optimize mechanics and materials for circuits that exhibit maximum stretchability.
- Published
- 2019
29. Self-Healing Four-Dimensional Printing with an Ultraviolet Curable Double-Network Shape Memory Polymer System
- Author
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Jun Liu, Wang Zhang, Yuan-Fang Zhang, Biao Zhang, Zhi-Qian Zhang, Zhuangjian Liu, Qi Ge, and Hardik Hingorani
- Subjects
Acrylate ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Thermosetting polymer ,3D printing ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Methacrylate ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Shape-memory polymer ,chemistry ,Viscosity (programming) ,Self-healing ,Polycaprolactone ,General Materials Science ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Four-dimensional (4D) printing that enables 3D printed structures to change configurations over time has gained great attention because of its exciting potential in various applications. Among all the 4D printing materials, shape memory polymers (SMPs) possess higher stiffness and faster response rate and therefore are considered as one of most promising materials for 4D printing. However, most of the SMP-based 4D printing materials are (meth)acrylate thermosets which have permanently cross-linked covalent networks and cannot be repaired if any damage occurs. To address the unrepairable nature of SMP-based 4D printing materials, this paper reports a double-network self-healing SMP (SH-SMP) system for high-resolution self-healing 4D printing. In the SH-SMP system, the semicrystalline linear polymer polycaprolactone (PCL) is incorporated into a methacrylate-based SMP system which has good compatibility with the digital light processing-based 3D printing technology and can be used to fabricate complex 4D printing structures with high resolution (up to 30 μm). The PCL linear polymer imparts the self-healing ability to the 4D printing structures, and the mechanical properties of a damaged structure can be recovered to more than 90% after adding more than 20 wt % of PCL into the SH-SMP system. We investigated the effects of PCL concentration on the thermomechanical behavior, viscosity, and the self-healing capability of the SH-SMP system and performed the computational fluid dynamics simulations to study the effect of SH-SMP solution's viscosity on the 3D printing process. Finally, we demonstrated the self-healing 4D printing application examples to show the merits of the SH-SMP system.
- Published
- 2019
30. Augmented Reality Interfaces Using Virtual Customization of Microstructured Electronic Skin Sensor Sensitivity Performances
- Author
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Khek Yu Ho, Haicheng Yao, Tao Sun, John Solomon Chiam, Melissa Tan, Benjamin C. K. Tee, and Zhuangjian Liu
- Subjects
Biomaterials ,Materials science ,Human–computer interaction ,Electrochemistry ,Electronic skin ,Augmented reality ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Virtual reality ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Tele medicine ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Personalization - Published
- 2021
31. An Universal and Easy-to-Use Model for the Pressure of Arbitrary-Shape 3D Multifunctional Integumentary Cardiac Membranes
- Author
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Lizhi Xu, Yewang Su, and Zhuangjian Liu
- Subjects
Engineering ,Work (thermodynamics) ,Finite Element Analysis ,Biomedical Engineering ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Mechanical engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Universal model ,Biomaterials ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,Optical imaging ,Pressure ,Humans ,Electronics ,Membranes ,business.industry ,Optical Imaging ,Models, Cardiovascular ,Heart ,Control engineering ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Flexible electronics ,Finite element method ,0104 chemical sciences ,Membrane ,Integumentary System ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Recently developed concepts for 3D, organ-mounted electronics for cardiac applications require a universal and easy-to-use mechanical model to calculate the average pressure associated with operation of the device, which is crucial for evaluation of design efficacy and optimization. This work proposes a simple, accurate, easy-to-use, and universal model to quantify the average pressure for arbitrary-shape organs.
- Published
- 2016
32. Graphene Reinforced Carbon Nanotube Networks for Wearable Strain Sensors
- Author
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Tingting Yang, Huanyu Cheng, Ying Fang, Zhuangjian Liu, Zengguang Cheng, Lingyu Zhao, Hongwei Zhu, Zhong Zhang, Anyuan Cao, Jidong Shi, Enzheng Shi, Long Yang, Zhaohe Dai, and Xinming Li
- Subjects
Nanotube ,Materials science ,Mechanical load ,Graphene ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,Chemical vapor deposition ,Carbon nanotube ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Flexible electronics ,0104 chemical sciences ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,Biomaterials ,law ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Electrochemistry ,Deformation (engineering) ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Transparent, stretchable films of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted significant attention for applications in flexible electronics, while the lack of structural strength in CNT networks leads to deformation and failure under high mechanical load. In this work, enhancement of the strength and load transfer capabilities of CNT networks by chemical vapor deposition of graphene in the nanotube voids is proposed. The graphene hybridization significantly strengthens the CNT networks, especially at nanotube joints, and enhances their resistance to buckling and bundling under large cyclic strain up to 20%. The hybridized films show linear and reproducible responses to tensile strains, which have been applied in strain sensors to detect human motions with fast response, high sensitivity, and durability.
- Published
- 2016
33. Plasticizing silk protein for on-skin stretchable electrodes
- Author
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Xiaodong Chen, Dianpeng Qi, Suxuan Gong, Naoji Matsuhisa, Yuan Cheng, Ying Jiang, Wan Ru Leow, Ke Qin Zhang, Yajing Cui, Changjin Wan, Geng Chen, Pingqiang Cai, Zhiyuan Liu, Zhuangjian Liu, School of Materials Science & Engineering, and Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices
- Subjects
Materials science ,Biocompatibility ,Stretchable electronics ,Silk ,Nanotechnology ,Biocompatible Materials ,02 engineering and technology ,Substrate (electronics) ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biomaterials ,Elastic Modulus ,Electrical performance ,Humans ,General Materials Science ,Electronics ,Elastic modulus ,Electrodes ,Skin ,integumentary system ,Materials [Engineering] ,Mechanical Engineering ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,SILK ,Mechanics of Materials ,Molecular Dynamics Simulations ,Electrode ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Soft and stretchable electronic devices are important in wearable and implantable applications because of the high skin conformability. Due to the natural biocompatibility and biodegradability, silk protein is one of the ideal platforms for wearable electronic devices. However, the realization of skin-conformable electronic devices based on silk has been limited by the mechanical mismatch with skin, and the difficulty in integrating stretchable electronics. Here, silk protein is used as the substrate for soft and stretchable on-skin electronics. The original high Young's modulus (5-12 GPa) and low stretchability ( 400%, respectively. This plasticization is realized by the addition of CaCl2 and ambient hydration, whose mechanism is further investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. Moreover, highly stretchable (>100%) electrodes are obtained by the thin-film metallization and the formation of wrinkled structures after ambient hydration. Finally, the plasticized silk electrodes, with the high electrical performance and skin conformability, achieve on-skin electrophysiological recording comparable to that by commercial gel electrodes. The proposed skin-conformable electronics based on biomaterials will pave the way for the harmonized integration of electronics into human. NRF (Natl Research Foundation, S’pore) ASTAR (Agency for Sci., Tech. and Research, S’pore) MOE (Min. of Education, S’pore) Accepted version
- Published
- 2018
34. Biodegradable Elastomers and Silicon Nanomembranes/Nanoribbons for Stretchable, Transient Electronics, and Biosensors
- Author
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Huanyu Cheng, Chi Hwan Lee, Seung-Kyun Kang, Suk Won Hwang, Jae-Woong Jeong, John A. Rogers, Jian Yang, Jae Hwan Kim, Jiho Shin, Zhuangjian Liu, Yonggang Huang, and Guillermo A. Ameer
- Subjects
Silicon ,Materials science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Bioengineering ,Nanotechnology ,Biosensing Techniques ,Elastomer ,law.invention ,law ,Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS ,General Materials Science ,Electronics ,Diode ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Transistor ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Nanostructures ,Semiconductor ,Elastomers ,Semiconductors ,chemistry ,Field-effect transistor ,business ,Biosensor - Abstract
Transient electronics represents an emerging class of technology that exploits materials and/or device constructs that are capable of physically disappearing or disintegrating in a controlled manner at programmed rates or times. Inorganic semiconductor nanomaterials such as silicon nanomembranes/nanoribbons provide attractive choices for active elements in transistors, diodes and other essential components of overall systems that dissolve completely by hydrolysis in biofluids or groundwater. We describe here materials, mechanics, and design layouts to achieve this type of technology in stretchable configurations with biodegradable elastomers for substrate/encapsulation layers. Experimental and theoretical results illuminate the mechanical properties under large strain deformation. Circuit characterization of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor inverters and individual transistors under various levels of applied loads validates the design strategies. Examples of biosensors demonstrate possibilities for stretchable, transient devices in biomedical applications.
- Published
- 2015
35. Epidermal Electronics with Advanced Capabilities in Near-Field Communication
- Author
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Anthony Banks, Xue Feng, Philipp Gutruf, Ungyu Paik, Pinghung Wei, Roozbeh Ghaffari, Sheng Xu, Zhaoqian Xie, Jung Woo Lee, Fei Liu, John A. Rogers, Xian Huang, Zhuangjian Liu, Yonggang Huang, Kan Li, Mitul Dalal, Huanyu Cheng, Sanjay Gupta, Kyung In Jang, and Jeonghyun Kim
- Subjects
Optics and Photonics ,Materials science ,Photochemistry ,Biomedical Engineering ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Monitoring, Ambulatory ,ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS ,Deformation (meteorology) ,Near field communication ,Biomaterials ,Computer Communication Networks ,Pressure ,Humans ,Telemetry ,Wireless ,General Materials Science ,Dimethylpolysiloxanes ,Electronics ,Skin ,Low modulus ,integumentary system ,Polyethylene Terephthalates ,business.industry ,Communication ,Electrical engineering ,Water ,General Chemistry ,Solubility ,business ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Epidermal electronics with advanced capabilities in near field communications (NFC) are presented. The systems include stretchable coils and thinned NFC chips on thin, low modulus stretchable adhesives, to allow seamless, conformal contact with the skin and simultaneous capabilities for wireless interfaces to any standard, NFC-enabled smartphone, even under extreme deformation and after/during normal daily activities.
- Published
- 2014
36. Near-hysteresis-free soft tactile electronic skins for wearables and reliable machine learning.
- Author
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Haicheng Yao, Weidong Yang, Wen Cheng, Yu Jun Tan, Hian Hian See, Si Li, Anwar Ali, Hashina Parveen, Lim, Brian Z. H., Zhuangjian Liu, and Tee, Benjamin C. K.
- Subjects
TACTILE sensors ,MACHINE learning ,SURFACE texture ,DEEP learning ,SKIN - Abstract
Electronic skins are essential for real-time health monitoring and tactile perception in robots. Although the use of soft elastomers and microstructures have improved the sensitivity and pressure-sensing range of tactile sensors, the intrinsic viscoelasticity of soft polymeric materials remains a long-standing challenge resulting in cyclic hysteresis. This causes sensor data variations between contact events that negatively impact the accuracy and reliability. Here, we introduce the Tactile Resistive Annularly Cracked E-Skin (TRACE) sensor to address the inherent trade-off between sensitivity and hysteresis in tactile sensors when using soft materials. We discovered that piezoresistive sensors made using an array of three-dimensional (3D) metallic annular cracks on polymeric microstructures possess high sensitivities (> 10
7 Ω ⋅ kPa-1 ), low hysteresis (2.99 ± 1.37%) over a wide pressure range (0-20 kPa), and fast response (400 Hz). We demonstrate that TRACE sensors can accurately detect and measure the pulse wave velocity (PWV) when skin mounted. Moreover, we show that these tactile sensors when arrayed enabled fast reliable one-touch surface texture classification with neuromorphic encoding and deep learning algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Self-assembled three dimensional network designs for soft electronics
- Author
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Ki Jun Yu, Han Hee Jung, Bum Jun Kim, Ce Yang, Yiyuan Yang, Jong Yoon Lee, Han Na Jung, Yongjoon Yu, Young Min Song, Zhuangjian Liu, Jung Woo Lee, Jungyup Lee, Juwon Song, Sheng Xu, Kan Li, Jae Hwan Kim, Kyung In Jang, John A. Rogers, Jae-Woong Jeong, Ha Uk Chung, Yonggang Huang, Jean Won Kwak, Yihui Zhang, Ao Wang, Jeonghyun Kim, Bong Hoon Kim, Hokyung Jang, Liu, Zhuangjian [0000-0002-3412-2116], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
Computer science ,Science ,Stretchable electronics ,Complex system ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,0903 Biomedical Engineering ,Electronic engineering ,Wireless ,Electronics ,Electronic circuit ,Interconnection ,Bioelectronics ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Artificial muscle ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Low modulus, compliant systems of sensors, circuits and radios designed to intimately interface with the soft tissues of the human body are of growing interest, due to their emerging applications in continuous, clinical-quality health monitors and advanced, bioelectronic therapeutics. Although recent research establishes various materials and mechanics concepts for such technologies, all existing approaches involve simple, two-dimensional (2D) layouts in the constituent micro-components and interconnects. Here we introduce concepts in three-dimensional (3D) architectures that bypass important engineering constraints and performance limitations set by traditional, 2D designs. Specifically, open-mesh, 3D interconnect networks of helical microcoils formed by deterministic compressive buckling establish the basis for systems that can offer exceptional low modulus, elastic mechanics, in compact geometries, with active components and sophisticated levels of functionality. Coupled mechanical and electrical design approaches enable layout optimization, assembly processes and encapsulation schemes to yield 3D configurations that satisfy requirements in demanding, complex systems, such as wireless, skin-compatible electronic sensors., Many low modulus systems, such as sensors, circuits and radios, are in 2D formats that interface with soft human tissue in order to form health monitors or bioelectronic therapeutics. Here the authors produce 3D architectures, which bypass engineering constraints and performance limitations experienced by their 2D counterparts.
- Published
- 2017
38. Mechanics of stretchable electronics on balloon catheter under extreme deformation
- Author
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Shuodao Wang, Yewang Su, Yonggang Huang, Dae-Hyeong Kim, Roozbeh Ghaffari, Zhuangjian Liu, Keh Chih Hwang, and John A. Rogers
- Subjects
Materials science ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Physics::Medical Physics ,Stretchable electronics ,Balloon ,Balloon catheter ,Materials Science(all) ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,Modelling and Simulation ,medicine ,Analytic model ,General Materials Science ,Applied Mathematics ,Mechanical Engineering ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Mechanics ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Ablation ,Finite deformation ,Finite element method ,Catheter ,Mechanics of Materials ,Modeling and Simulation ,Analytic solution - Abstract
Stretchable electronics has been applied to balloon catheters for high-efficacy ablation, with tactile sensing integrated on the surface, to establish full and conformal contact with the endocardial surface for elimination of the heart sink caused by blood flow around their surfaces. The balloon of the catheter folds into uniform ‘clover’ patterns driven by the pressure mismatch inside (∼vacuum) and outside of the balloon (pressure ∼1 atm). The balloon catheter, on which microelectrodes and interconnects are printed, undergoes extreme mechanical deformation during its inflation and deflation. An analytic solution is obtained for balloon catheter inflation and deflation, which gives analytically the distribution of curvatures and the maximum strain in the microelectrodes and interconnects. The analytic solution is validated by the finite element analysis. It also accounts for the effect of inflated radius, and is very useful to the optimal design of balloon catheter.
- Published
- 2014
39. Moisture Sensitive Smart Yarns and Textiles from Self‐Balanced Silk Fiber Muscles
- Author
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Majid Minary-Jolandan, Yuanyuan Dou, Yewang Su, Rui Qiao, Yaowang Li, Zhou Yu, Zhuangjian Liu, Jingjing Li, Run Wang, Yuan Cheng, Ray H. Baughman, Mônica Jung de Andrade, Tianjiao Jia, Yang Wang, Shaoli Fang, Zunfeng Liu, and Dong Qian
- Subjects
Biomaterials ,Materials science ,Silk fiber ,Moisture ,Electrochemistry ,Composite material ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials - Published
- 2019
40. Highly conductive 3D metal-rubber composites for stretchable electronic applications
- Author
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Yu Jun Tan, Benjamin C. K. Tee, Yue Zhao, Xianting Zeng, W.D. Yang, Si Li, and Zhuangjian Liu
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Interconnection ,Nanocomposite ,Materials science ,lcsh:Biotechnology ,General Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Conductivity ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Metal rubber ,lcsh:QC1-999 ,Nanomaterials ,Natural rubber ,visual_art ,lcsh:TP248.13-248.65 ,0103 physical sciences ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,General Materials Science ,Electronics ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology ,Electrical conductor ,lcsh:Physics - Abstract
Stretchable conductors are critical building blocks for enabling new forms of wearable and curvilinear electronics. In this paper, we introduce a new method using the interfacial design to enable stretchable conductors with ultra-high conductivity and robustness to strain using three-dimensional helical copper micro-interconnects embedded in an elastic rubber substrate (eHelix-Cu). We studied the interfacial mechanics of the metal-elastomer to achieve highly reversible conductivities with strains. The stretchable eHelix-Cu interconnect has an ultra-high conductivity (∼105 S cm−1) that remains almost invariant when stretched to 170%, which is significantly higher than in other approaches using nanomaterials. The stretchable conductors can withstand strains of 100% for thousands of cycles, demonstrating remarkable durability for exciting potential wearable electronic applications.
- Published
- 2019
41. Electronic sensor and actuator webs for large-area complex geometry cardiac mapping and therapy
- Author
-
Yung-Yu Hsu, Chi Lu, Zhuangjian Liu, Yonggang Huang, Roozbeh Ghaffari, Robert D'Angelo, Nanshu Lu, Bassel de Graff, Jeremy N. Ruskin, Lauren Klinker, Chaofeng Lü, Moussa Mansour, Yewang Su, Abid Ameen, Hohyun Keum, Stephen P. Lee, Yun-Soung Kim, Fiorenzo G. Omenetto, Yihui Zhang, Shuodao Wang, Marvin J. Slepian, Yuhang Li, John A. Rogers, Dae-Hyeong Kim, and Lizhi Xu
- Subjects
Catheters ,Materials science ,Stretchable electronics ,Silk ,Mechanical engineering ,Biocompatible Materials ,Complex geometry ,Materials Testing ,Animals ,Nanotechnology ,Multidisciplinary ,Cardiac mapping ,Tissue ablation ,Temperature ,Heart ,Equipment Design ,Prostheses and Implants ,Flexible electronics ,Electronics, Medical ,Semiconductors ,Physical Sciences ,Rabbits ,Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac ,Actuator ,Pericardium ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Curved surfaces, complex geometries, and time-dynamic deformations of the heart create challenges in establishing intimate, nonconstraining interfaces between cardiac structures and medical devices or surgical tools, particularly over large areas. We constructed large area designs for diagnostic and therapeutic stretchable sensor and actuator webs that conformally wrap the epicardium, establishing robust contact without sutures, mechanical fixtures, tapes, or surgical adhesives. These multifunctional web devices exploit open, mesh layouts and mount on thin, bio-resorbable sheets of silk to facilitate handling in a way that yields, after dissolution, exceptionally low mechanical moduli and thicknesses. In vivo studies in rabbit and pig animal models demonstrate the effectiveness of these device webs for measuring and spatially mapping temperature, electrophysiological signals, strain, and physical contact in sheet and balloon-based systems that also have the potential to deliver energy to perform localized tissue ablation.
- Published
- 2012
42. Mechanics of stretchable electronics with high fill factors
- Author
-
Jian Wu, John A. Rogers, Yewang Su, Seok Kim, Zhuangjian Liu, and Yonggang Huang
- Subjects
Stretchability and bendability ,Engineering ,Scale (ratio) ,Stretchable electronics ,Bend radius ,02 engineering and technology ,Transfer printing ,01 natural sciences ,Upper and lower bounds ,Materials Science(all) ,Biomimetics ,Modelling and Simulation ,0103 physical sciences ,Self collapse ,General Materials Science ,Critical condition ,010302 applied physics ,business.industry ,Applied Mathematics ,Mechanical Engineering ,Mechanics ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Flexible electronics ,Mechanics of Materials ,Modeling and Simulation ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Mechanics models are developed for an imbricate scale design for stretchable and flexible electronics to achieve both mechanical stretchability and high fill factors (e.g., full, 100% areal coverage). The critical conditions for self collapse of scales and scale contact give analytically the maximum and minimum widths of scales, which are important to the scale design. The maximum strain in scales is obtained analytically, and has a simple upper bound of 3 t scale /(4 ρ ) in terms of the scale thickness t scale and bending radius ρ .
- Published
- 2012
43. Imbricate Scales as a Design Construct for Microsystem Technologies
- Author
-
Tanmay K. Bhandakkar, Yong-Wei Zhang, Agustín Mihi, John A. Rogers, Yewang Su, Seok Kim, Paul V. Braun, Harley T. Johnson, Zhuangjian Liu, Yonggang Huang, Jung-Ki Park, Joseph B. Geddes, Seungwoo Lee, and Jian Wu
- Subjects
Flexibility (engineering) ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Nanotechnology ,General Chemistry ,Flexible electronics ,Computational science ,Biomaterials ,Transfer printing ,Microsystem ,Computational mechanics ,General Materials Science ,Biomimetics ,Photonics ,business ,Realization (systems) ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Spatially overlapping plates in tiled configurations represent designs that are observed widely in nature (e.g., fish and snake scales) and man-made systems (e.g., shingled roofs) alike. This imbricate architecture offers fault-tolerant, multifunctional capabilities, in layouts that can provide mechanical flexibility even with full, 100% areal coverages of rigid plates. Here, the realization of such designs in microsystems technologies is presented, using a manufacturing approach that exploits strategies for deterministic materials assembly based on advanced forms of transfer printing. The architectures include heterogeneous combinations of silicon, photonic, and plasmonic scales, in imbricate layouts, anchored at their centers or edges to underlying substrates, ranging from elastomer sheets to silicon wafers. Analytical and computational mechanics modeling reveal distributions of stress and strain induced by deformation, and provide some useful design rules and scaling laws.
- Published
- 2011
44. Waterproof AlInGaP optoelectronics on stretchable substrates with applications in biomedicine and robotics
- Author
-
Jimin Yao, Ming Li, Zhuangjian Liu, An Phong Le, Dae Gon Kim, Jianliang Xiao, Rak-Hwan Kim, Sang Il Park, Zhan Kang, Ralph G. Nuzzo, Bruce Panilaitis, Dae-Hyeong Kim, Fiorenzo G. Omenetto, Bong Hoon Kim, Roozbeh Ghaffari, David L. Kaplan, John A. Rogers, Viktor Malyarchuk, and Yonggang Huang
- Subjects
Materials science ,Photodetector ,Nanotechnology ,Medical instrumentation ,Humans ,General Materials Science ,Wafer ,Electronics ,Lighting ,Biomedicine ,Diode ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Optical Devices ,Robotics ,Equipment Design ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electronics, Medical ,Semiconductor ,Mechanics of Materials ,Optoelectronics ,Stress, Mechanical ,Artificial intelligence ,business - Abstract
Inorganic light-emitting diodes and photodetectors represent important, established technologies for solid-state lighting, digital imaging and many other applications. Eliminating mechanical and geometrical design constraints imposed by the supporting semiconductor wafers can enable alternative uses in areas such as biomedicine and robotics. Here we describe systems that consist of arrays of interconnected, ultrathin inorganic light-emitting diodes and photodetectors configured in mechanically optimized layouts on unusual substrates. Light-emitting sutures, implantable sheets and illuminated plasmonic crystals that are compatible with complete immersion in biofluids illustrate the suitability of these technologies for use in biomedicine. Waterproof optical-proximity-sensor tapes capable of conformal integration on curved surfaces of gloves and thin, refractive-index monitors wrapped on tubing for intravenous delivery systems demonstrate possibilities in robotics and clinical medicine. These and related systems may create important, unconventional opportunities for optoelectronic devices.
- Published
- 2010
45. Microstructured elastomeric surfaces with reversible adhesion and examples of their use in deterministic assembly by transfer printing
- Author
-
Paul Glass, Jian Wu, John A. Rogers, Placid M. Ferreira, Seok Kim, Zhuangjian Liu, Andrew Carlson, Metin Sitti, Numair Ahmed, Anton Kovalsky, Steven L. Elgan, Sung Hun Jin, Weiqiu Chen, and Yonggang Huang
- Subjects
Silicon ,Materials science ,Surface Properties ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Nanotechnology ,Dielectric ,Carbon nanotube ,Elastomer ,law.invention ,Transfer printing ,law ,Materials Testing ,Animals ,Dimethylpolysiloxanes ,Microelectromechanical systems ,Multidisciplinary ,Nanotubes, Carbon ,Transistor ,Elasticity ,Flexible electronics ,Nylons ,chemistry ,Physical Sciences ,Printing ,Stress, Mechanical - Abstract
Reversible control of adhesion is an important feature of many desired, existing, and potential systems, including climbing robots, medical tapes, and stamps for transfer printing. We present experimental and theoretical studies of pressure modulated adhesion between flat, stiff objects and elastomeric surfaces with sharp features of surface relief in optimized geometries. Here, the strength of nonspecific adhesion can be switched by more than three orders of magnitude, from strong to weak, in a reversible fashion. Implementing these concepts in advanced stamps for transfer printing enables versatile modes for deterministic assembly of solid materials in micro/nanostructured forms. Demonstrations in printed two- and three-dimensional collections of silicon platelets and membranes illustrate some capabilities. An unusual type of transistor that incorporates a printed gate electrode, an air gap dielectric, and an aligned array of single walled carbon nanotubes provides a device example.
- Published
- 2010
46. CoFe2 O4 Nanocrystals Mediated Crystallization Strategy for Magnetic Functioned ZSM-5 Catalysts
- Author
-
Biao Kong, Yong Liu, Wei Li, Zhenkun Sun, Xiaodong Chen, Zhiyuan Liu, Dongyuan Zhao, Jiaqi Wei, Shuo-Wang Yang, Dianpeng Qi, Jiancan Yu, Bin Li, Erol Yildirim, Zhaoteng Xue, Zhuangjian Liu, and School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Subjects
Materials science ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,law.invention ,Biomaterials ,Crystallinity ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,law ,Electrochemistry ,Crystallization ,Zeolite ,Materials [Engineering] ,Silica gel ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,0104 chemical sciences ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Nanocrystal ,Crystallite ,ZSM-5 ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Zeolites have many applications in the petrochemical and fine chemical industry and their functionalization does expand the spectrum of potentials. However, the integration of functional nanocrystals into zeolite frameworks with controlled size, dispersion, and crystallization behavior still remains a significant challenge. Here, a new synthesis of magnetic functioned ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts via a CoFe2O4 nanocrystal mediated crystallization strategy is reported. It is found that high crystallinity of CoFe2O4 nanocrystals results in a well-dispersed encapsulation of them into a single-crystal of ZSM-5 due to non-further-grown nanocrystals during the fast ZSM-5 growth. On the contrary, low crystallinity of CoFe2O4 nanocrystals leads to the polycrystalline zeolite growth due to the secondary growth of nanocrystals accompanied by the zeolite crystallization and large lattice mismatch between them. The successful encapsulation of small CoFe2O4 nanocrystals (≈4 nm) into single crystals lies on the preattachment of them into solid silica gel. During the growth of ZSM-5 crystals, no secondary growth of nanocrystals happens and its motion is restricted. The encapsulation of magnetic CoFe2O4 nanocrystals not only endows magnetic function into zeolites for the first time, but also does not impact catalytic performance of ZSM-5 in acetalization of cyclohexanone with methanol, which is highly promising in catalytic industries. NRF (Natl Research Foundation, S’pore) MOE (Min. of Education, S’pore) Accepted version
- Published
- 2018
47. Ultrathin Silicon Circuits With Strain-Isolation Layers and Mesh Layouts for High-Performance Electronics on Fabric, Vinyl, Leather, and Paper
- Author
-
Yun-Soung Kim, Zhuangjian Liu, Jian Wu, Dae-Hyeong Kim, John A. Rogers, Yonggang Huang, Keh-Chih Hwang, Hoon Kim, and Jizhou Song
- Subjects
Materials science ,Silicon ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Stretchable electronics ,Molecular electronics ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Flexible electronics ,Semiconductor ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,General Materials Science ,Electronics ,Composite material ,business ,Nanomechanics ,Electronic circuit - Published
- 2009
48. Printed Assemblies of Inorganic Light-Emitting Diodes for Deformable and Semitransparent Displays
- Author
-
Sang Il Park, Kent D. Choquette, Jian Wu, Keh-Chih Hwang, Matthew Meitl, Yujie Xiong, Placid M. Ferreira, Zhuangjian Liu, Jongseung Yoon, Dae-Hyeong Kim, Yonggang Huang, Rak-Hwan Kim, Chang-Jae Yu, John A. Rogers, Xiuling Li, and Paulius Elvikis
- Subjects
Interconnection ,Multidisciplinary ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Integrated circuit ,law.invention ,Semiconductor ,Planar ,law ,Optoelectronics ,Wafer ,business ,Microscale chemistry ,Diode ,Light-emitting diode - Abstract
Bend Me, Stretch Me In the push toward flexible electronics, much research has focused on using organic conducting materials, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs), because they are more readily processed using scalable techniques. Park et al. (p. 977 ) have developed a series of techniques for depositing and assembling inorganic LEDs onto glass, plastic, or rubber. Conventional processing techniques are used to connect the LEDs in order to create flexible, stretchable displays, which, because the active diode material only covers a small part of the substrate, are mostly transparent.
- Published
- 2009
49. Numerical Simulation of Stretchable and Foldable Silicon Integrated Circuits
- Author
-
Yonggang Huang, John A. Rogers, Yong-Wei Zhang, Zhuangjian Liu, Dae-Hyeong Kim, and Jizhou Song
- Subjects
Materials science ,Computer simulation ,Stretchable electronics ,General Engineering ,Integrated circuit ,Flexible electronics ,law.invention ,CMOS ,law ,Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS ,Electronic engineering ,Wafer ,Electronics ,Electronic circuit - Abstract
This paper presents numerical simulation strategies for stretchable silicon integrated circuits that use stiff thin film on elastomeric substrates. Detailed numerical simulation studies reveal the key underlying aspects of these systems. The results indicate, as an example, optimized mechanics and materials for circuits that exhibit maximum principal strains less than 0.2% even for applied strains of up to ~90%. Simple circuits, including CMOS inverters provide an example that validates these designs. The results suggest practical routes to high performance electronics with linear elastic responses to large strain deformations, suitable for diverse applications that are not readily addressed with conventional wafer-based technologies.
- Published
- 2009
50. Characterization of transition shifts in perpendicular magnetic recording using 3D FEM
- Author
-
Zhuangjian Liu and K.S. Chai
- Subjects
Physics ,High-temperature superconductivity ,Offset (computer science) ,Demagnetizing field ,High density ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Finite element method ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Computational physics ,law.invention ,Nuclear magnetic resonance ,Timing error ,law ,Perpendicular ,Data recording - Abstract
Transition shift can create serious timing problems for high density recording environments. However, it is possible to use techniques such as write precompensation to offset the timing error introduced if the magnitude and the behaviour of the transition shift are properly understood. This paper introduces a 3D finite element method (FEM) to analyse the transition shift in perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) quantitatively, allowing the combinational effects of the transition shifts from non-linear transition shift (NLTS), HTS, and neighbourhood-induced transition shift (NITS) to be examined. The consideration of all contributing factors to the final written transition position is important in determining the precompensation scheme of magnetic data recording, and 3D FEM can facilitate such quantitative analysis.
- Published
- 2008
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