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Objective To study and analyze the risk assessment and graded nursing measures of incontinence-related dermatitis (IAD) in critically ill patients. Methods From February 2017 to February 2020, 80 critically ill patients with fecal and/or urinal incontinence who received treatment in hospital ICU were included in this study. The patients were divided into observation group and control group according to computer random number table method, with 40 cases in each group. The control group received routine skin care, and the observation group received IAD risk assessment and graded nursing intervention on the basis of the control group. The differences in the occurrence of IAD, rehabilitation, psychological status and complications between the two groups were analyzed. In addition, the difference between the two groups in the changes of self-esteem was analyzed. Results The total incidence of IAD in observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0. 05). The healing time of skin lesions in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group, and the recurrence rate after healing was lower than that in the control group (P < 0. 05). After intervention, the positive emotional score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, while the negative emotional score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P < 0. 05). The total incidence of complications in observation group was lower than control group (P < 0. 05). The Rosenberg self-esteem scale(RSES) scores of the observation group and the control group were increased after intervention, and scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0. 05). Conclusion Risk assessment and graded nursing of IAD in critically ill patients can reduce the risk of IAD to a certain extent, promote the early recovery of patients, and effectively reduce the incidence of complications. (目的 研究危重症患者发生失禁相关性皮炎(IAD)的风险评价与分级护理措施。方法 选取2017年2月—2020年2月在医院ICU接受诊治的80例大便或(和)小便失禁危重症患者纳入研究。按照随机数字表法分作观察组和对照组, 各40例。对照组开展常规皮肤护理, 观察组则于对照组的基础上采用IAD的风险评价与分级护理措施干预。分析两组IAD发生情况、康复情况、心理状况以及并发症发生情况的差异。此外, 分析两组自尊水平变化情况的差异。结果 观察组IAD总发生率低于对照组(P＜0. 05)。观察组皮损愈合时长短于对照组, 且治愈后复发率低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。观察组干预后正性情绪评分高于对照组, 而负性情绪评分低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。观察组并发症总发生率低于对照组(P＜0. 05)。观察组与对照组干预后Rosenberg自尊量表(RSES)评分高于干预前, 且观察组高于对照组(P＜0. 05)。结论 危重症患者IAD的风险评价与分级护理可在一定程度上降低IAD发生风险, 同时促进患者的早日康复, 并有效降低并发症发生风险。)

High-contrast gratings (HCGs) based spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs), as a new kind of SSPPs, have been proposed recently. Here, we study their particular mechanism and characteristics by comparing them with traditional metal-type SSPPs. The different fundamental dielectric resonator modes decided by the height–length ratio R of the dielectric element are found to be the key factor of the mechanism, leading to new characteristics and providing more working modes. In low R mode, HCG-based SSPPs can work under deep-subwavelength thickness and can be easily excited by free space wave and, thus, are considered to be applied to all-dielectric metamaterial absorbers (ADMMAs). Simulations and analysis confirm the microwave absorption effect of HCG-based SSPPs as a new mechanism of ADMMAs. Based on this, a carbon black based ADMMA is designed and the simulation and experimental results verify the important role of HCG-based SSPPs in broadband absorption. It is expected that this work can give rise to further and wider studies on the characteristics and applications of HCG-based SSPPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bridge structures are developed to be wider and lighter with increasing traffic flow, thus traditional box shape sections may no longer be optimal in the structural design of a wide flanged girder. Accordingly, box girders stiffened by transverse ribs are gaining favour from designers because they can -not only- to significantly lighten the dead load of the superstructure, but also effectively widen the bridge deck. Due to the influence of stiffening ribs, the mechanical properties of box girders with solid slabs are quite different from those with ribbed slabs. However, the existing literature merely reports the geometrical characteristics and dimensions of the ribbed box girder, while there are few reports on its mechanical properties under temperature action. In this study, the differences in transverse mechanical properties between box girders with solid slabs and ribbed slabs subjected to temperature action are investigated. The study showed that the arrangement of transverse ribs underneath the top slab results in additional thermal stresses in the ribbed slab under temperature loading. Because the transverse ribs changed the distributions of thermal stresses in the top slab of the transversely ribbed box girder, the temperature field and thermal stress state of the ribbed slab were significantly different from those in the solid slabs. Furthermore, a significant stress concentration appeared in the internal ribs inside the ribbed box girder, which should be considered in structural design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface water dynamics are sensitive to climate change and anthropogenic activity, and they exert important feedback to the above two processes. However, it is unclear how climate and human activity affect surface water variation, especially in semi-arid regions, such as Horqin Sandy Land (HQSL), a typical part of the fragile region for intensive interaction of climate and land use change in northern China. We investigated the changes of spatiotemporal distribution and the influence of climatic and anthropogenic factors on Surface Water Area (SWA) in HQSL. There are 5933 Landsat images used in this research, which were processed on the Google Earth Engine cloud platform to extract water bodies by vegetation index and water index method. The results revealed that the area and number of water bodies showed a significant decrease in HQSL from 1985 to 2020. Spatially, the SWA experienced different amplitudes of variation in the Animal Husbandry Dominated Region (AHDR) and in the Agriculture Dominated Region (ADR) during two periods; many water bodies even dried up and disappeared in HQSL. Hierarchical partitioning analysis showed that the SWA of both regions was primarily influenced by climatic factors during the pre-change period (1985–2000; the mutation occurred in 2000), and human activity has become more and more significantly important during the post-change period (2001–2020). Thus, it is predictable that SWA variation in the following decades will be influenced by the interaction of climate change and human activity, even more by the later in HQSL, and the social sectors have to improve their ability to adapt to climate change by modifying land use strategy and techniques toward the sustainable development of water resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In magnetic random access memory (MRAM), free layers are used to store data bits as "0" or "1" in binary system. The main bottleneck limiting the practical applications of current MRAM technology is its storage states' transition probability. Although several generations of MRAM have been reported, the problem still puzzles us. Here, we utilize an external field to switch Co slotted nanoring, which is convenient to reveal the key factor in the control of magnetic moments' flip. Based on such analysis, we present a robust write operation through setting the slot edge parallel to the external field. In comparison with the probabilistic storage states' transition in previous MRAM, our new technology definitely increases the switching probability to 100%. The continuous and orderly data-input process results in an energy barrier to protect the storage state. In addition, the robust write operation can also significantly reduce the influence of the device's dimension on the switching probability, which is vital in decreasing the complexity and difficulty of the manufacture process. Besides, the novel data-input method could afford linearly tunable write parameters to satisfy the different application scenarios of storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]