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High voltage direct current （HVDC） transmission based on modular multilevel converter （MMC） is widely used in large-scale renewable energy delivery. However， the lagged inertia of MMC controllers may undermine the small-signal stability. Firstly， the mechanical inertia of synchronous generators is analyzed， and a second-order unified expression of inertia applicable to MMC controller is proposed. Secondly， based on the dynamic and inertial delay of MMC closed-loop controller， a small-signal stability criterion for MMC controller connected to weak power grid is presented. Finally， through simulation analysis of a double-side MMC grid-connected system， the correctness of the proposed stability criterion is validated.

The 2.5D carbon glass hybrid woven composite (CGHWC) is currently being utilized as a protective material for the external cables of solid rockets due to its extensive advantages in terms of structural load-bearing and integrated thermal insulation. This study reveals that 2.5D hybrid woven composites, prepared using T300 and T800, exhibit improved compression and tensile properties, respectively. T300 and T800 carbon fibers are preferred for the preparation of 2.5D CGHWC, with a volume fraction of carbon fibers along the weft yarn ranging from 20 to 60%. As the proportion of carbon fibers increases, the weft tensile and compressive strength of the composite material progressively improve, resulting in a maximum increase of 67% in tensile strength and 52% in compressive strength. The optimal volume fraction of carbon fibers was found to be 40%. The performance retention of low-cost hybrid composite materials was investigated, and it was found that even when the cost of carbon fibers decreased by 87.5%, the mechanical properties could still be maintained at above 85%. This article has expanded the mechanical performance database of hybrid composite materials, providing data support and theoretical foundation for the large-scale engineering application of composite materials.

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different harvest times and processing methods on the B vitamins and α-tocopherol contents of Leymus chinensis (Trin.).MethodsL. chinensis was harvested on 11 July (T1 group), 16 July (T2 group), 21 July (T3 group), 26 July (T4 group), and 31 July (T5 group) in 2022 and processed using natural drying and silage fermentation to evaluate fermentation quality, chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and vitamin content.ResultsThe fermentation quality of L. chinensis silage prepared at all five times of harvest was better. The silage fermentation group showed a significant increase (p

Sweet sorghum can be used to produce a substantial quantity of biofuel due to its high biological yield and high carbohydrate content. In this study, we investigated the dynamic changes in fermentation characteristics, carbohydrate components, and the bacterial community during the ensiling of wilted and unwilted sweet sorghum. The results revealed a rapid fermentation pattern and high-quality fermentation quality in wilted and unwilted sweet sorghum, wherein lactic acid, and acetic acid accumulated and stabilized during the initial 9 days of ensiling, with the pH values less than 4.2, until 60 days of ensiling. We found that the ensiling of sweet sorghum involved the degradation (5% ~ 10%) of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and hemicellulose and that the degradation of NDF fit a first-order exponential decay model. A shift in dominance from Lactococcus to Lactobacillus occurred before the first 9 days of ensiling, and the abundance of Lactobacillus (r = −0.68, p

Abstract Background During alfalfa harvesting and preservation, it is important to minimize losses and preserve dry matter and nutrients. Soil contamination of alfalfa forage is a common issue that occurs during the ensiling process. Soil contamination can adversely influence the quality of silage, potentially altering the fermentation process, microbial composition, and iron content. Results In this study, different levels of soil (0, 1.5% or 7.5% contamination on a wet basis; silt loam soil) and two types of additives (LP, Lactobacillus plantarum inoculant alone; MLP, combination addition of molasses and Lactobacillus plantarum) were added to alfalfa and subjected to anaerobic fermentation for 45 days to evaluate the iron content as well as the alpha diversity and relative abundance of bacterial and fungal communities. Soil-contaminated alfalfa contained lower levels of LA (14.2–41.8 g kg−1 DM) and higher levels of AN (50.0–156.4 g kg−1 DM) compared to uncontaminated alfalfa. Soil contamination of alfalfa forage increased the abundance of Clostridia, Actinobacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria in silage. The application of LP or MLP in soil-contaminated silage increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and inhibited the growth of Enterococcus faecium, Pediococcus pentosaceus, unclassified_f_Enterobacteriaceae, and Weissella cibaria. In addition, as the level of soil contamination increased, both the total and bioaccessible iron contents in alfalfa silage increased. The dominant bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum exhibited a positive relationship with LA and bioaccessible iron contents and a negative relationship with pH, AN and BA. The dominant fungi Neocosmospora rubicola showed a positive relationship with total iron, BA, AN and pH. Conclusions Soil contamination of alfalfa increased the abundance of Clostridia, Actinobacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria and it also increased the total and bioaccessible iron content in silage. The addition of LP and MLP improved the fermentation quality of soil-contaminated silage by increasing LA production and reducing the relative abundance of Enterococcus faecium, Pediococcus pentosaceus, unclassified_f_Enterobacteriaceae, and Weissella cibaria. Graphical Abstract

Postural disorder is a common disabling movement complication of Parkinson's disease (PD), in which camptocormia is the most common disabling postural disorder, which further aggravates the movement disorder of PD, and seriously reduces the activities of daily living and quality of life of patients. This paper reviews the pathogenesis and treatment progress of PD with camptocormia, providing theoretical basis for further investigation of the pathogenesis of camptocormia in PD, and assisting the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Grain drying equipment is an important equipment in Chinese agricultural production process, which can significantly improve the quality of grain processing after harvest and reduce the loss rate of mildew and germination during grain storage. At present, the mechanical drying rate of grain in China was only about 30%, and its overall penetration rate still had a great opportunity to improve. The market for grain dryers has great potential for development, and under the encouragement of national policies, the research on the technology, technology and applicability of dryers has been also constantly improved. In recent years, most research on grain drying has focused on process optimization, while there has been less research on grain drying equipment, which has made it difficult to apply excellent process technology and restricted the progress of grain drying equipment. This paper summarized the latest large and medium-sized grain drying equipment and the existing main problems, and put forward some suggestions, which could provide a reference for the research and development of grain drying technology and equipment.

Objective To investigates the protective effect of mitochondrial division inhibitor, Mdivi-1, on intestinal barrier function in septic rats. Methods A total of 160 SD rats were randomly and equally divided into sham operation group, sepsis group (established by cecal ligation and puncture), conventional treatment group, and Mdivi-1 treatment group. The rats from the conventional treatment group were given lactated Ringer's solution (35 mL/kg) at an infusion rate of 3 mL/h according to the guidelines for sepsis treatment, and those from the Mdivi-1 treatment group were added with intravenous administration of 1 mg/kg Mdivi-1 for resuscitation on the basis of conventional treatment. After 2 h of resuscitation, intestinal barrier function, intestinal expression of zonula occludes-1 (ZO-1), pathological changes in small intestine, serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (including TNF-α and IL-1β), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), survival time and 72-hour survival rate were observed. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) were employed to observe the effect of Mdivi-1 on the expression of ZO-1 under the simulation of LPS. Results The septic rats had significantly increased intestinal permeability, D-lactate level and serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β when compared with those of the sham operation group (P < 0.05), and showed intestinal villus rupture, glandular atrophy, and great amount of inflammatory cells in pathological observation. Conventional treatment resulted in slightly decreased serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β, intestinal permeability, and D-lactate level (P>0.05), and mildly improved intestinal villus disturbance when compared with the sepsis group. Mdivi-1 treatment combined with conventional treatment significantly decreased serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β, intestinal permeability, and D-lactate level in comparison with septic rats (P < 0.05), and pathological results showed clear intestinal villus structure and significantly improved inflammatory cell infiltration. The immunohistochemical results of intestinal tissue showed that ruptured tight junction was observed after sepsis, and Mdivi-1 treatment significantly improved the tight junction rupture. At the cellular level, the expression level of ZO-1 between IECs was significantly decreased after LPS stimulation (P < 0.05), and Mdivi-1 treatment increased LPS-induced decrease in ZO-1 expression (P < 0.05). Conclusion Conclusion Mdivi-1 has a protective effect on intestinal barrier function in septic rats, which may be through its regulating ZO-1 expression.

Photothermal therapy (PTT) of nanomaterials is an emerging novel therapeutic strategy for breast cancer. However, there exists an urgent need for appropriate strategies to enhance the antitumor efficacy of PTT and minimize damage to surrounding normal tissues. Piezo1 might be a promising novel photothermal therapeutic target for breast cancer. This study aims to explore the potential role of Piezo1 activation in the hyperthermia therapy of breast cancer cells and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Results showed that the specific agonist of Piezo1 ion channel (Yoda1) aggravated the cell death of breast cancer cells triggered by heat stress in vitro. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was significantly increased following heat stress, and Yoda1 exacerbated the rise in ROS release. GSK2795039, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), reversed the Yoda1-mediated aggravation of cellular injury and ROS generation after heat stress. The in vivo experiments demonstrate the well photothermal conversion efficiency of TiCN under the 1,064 nm laser irradiation, and Yoda1 increases the sensitivity of breast tumors to PTT in the presence of TiCN. Our study reveals that Piezo1 activation might serve as a photothermal sensitizer for PTT, which may develop as a promising therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.

Electrochemical mass spectrometry is an important technique for studying the mechanism of electrochemical reactions. Mass spectrometry has the advantages of high detection sensitivity, high detection throughput and high specificity, which enables simultaneous acquisition of qualitative and quantitative informations for multiple components, making it highly valuable in the monitoring of electrochemical reaction products and the identification of intermediates. In general, electrolyte is necessary for electrochemical reaction. However, these electrolyte salts are detrimental to mass spectrometry analysis as they not only cause condensation in the mass spectrometry inlet, leading to blockage, but also impede the signal of the target analyte or form adduct ions with target analyte, resulting in a complex mass spectrum and increased analytical challenges. It is of great significance to develop a mass spectrometry method to real-time obtain trace organic components in high concentration buffer salt solutions. Therefore, a novel atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) method was developed for online analysis of trace organic components in high concentration buffer salt solutions, and a small volume flow electrolytic cell, stable performance, and simple structure were fabricated for on-line electrochemical reaction, which employed Pt, Pt and Ag/AgCl as working electrode, counter electrode and reference electrode, respectively. After combination of the APCI-MS and flow electrolytic cell, an electrochemical mass spectrometry device and method for on-line analysis of the electrochemical process in high concentration buffer salt solutions were constructed. As a proof of concept application, the device and method were used to on-line and real-time study the electrochemical oxidation process of dopamine in phosphate buffer salt solutions. The experimental results showed that the APCI-MS method can efficiently remove the inorganic salts in solutions on-line by on-line thermal deposition, while the organic components can be ionized by APCI for mass spectrometry detection. The results of dopamine electrochemical oxidation analysis showed that dopamine was not oxidized under the oxidation potential at 0 V, and only the protonated dopamine m/z 154 [M+H]+ was obtained. When the oxidation potential was +0.3 V, in addition to the protonated dopamine, the protonated peak m/z 150 [M+H]+ of dopachrome was generated by losing 4e- from dopamine, and the protonated peak m/z 303 [M+H]+ of the adduct dopachrome and dopamine formed by the intermolecular hydrogen bonding were also obtained. When the oxidation potential increased to +0.6 V, the contents of oxidation products m/z 150 and m/z 303 were further increased. The results demonstrated that this method has great application potential in studying the electrochemical reaction.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of dexmedetomidine on pulmonary edema in rats with hemorrhagic shock after exposure to a plateau environment. Methods A total of 280 SD male rats (10 weeks old, 200~220 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups: the plateau control (sham) group, the hemorrhagic shock after exposure to the plateau environment (HS) group, the lactated Ringer's resuscitation (LR) group, and the dexmedetomidine+lactated Ringer's resuscitation (DEX+LR) group.Using a low-pressure hypoxic chamber to simulate 5 000 m altitude, the rats have stayed the chamber for 48 h to accept pretreatment, injecting oleic acid treatment via the tail vein.After 0.5 h of induction of oleic acid, the rats were slowly drawn blood via the femoral artery (40% to 50% of the blood volume) to establish a model of hemorrhagic shock after exposure to the plateau environment.The effect of dexmedetomidine on pulmonary vascular permeability was observed by changes in lung water content, pulmonary microvascular permeability and alveolar lavage fluid protein concentration after prophylactic administration of dexmedetomidine; The effect of dexmedetomidine on respiratory function was observed by measuring respiratory rate and tidal volume; Pathological changes of lung tissue was detected by HE staining; Blood gas analysis was used to detect the effect of dexmedetomidine on arterial blood gases and survival rate. Results Compared with the sham group, the lung water content, pulmonary microvascular permeability and alveolar lavage fluid protein concentration of the rats in the HS group increased (P < 0.05).The respiratory rate increased (P < 0.05), and the tidal volume and minute ventilation decreased (P < 0.05). Results of HE staining showed that the alveolar wall was thickened, and the lumen of alveoli was partially narrowed, with infiltration of inflammatory cells. Results of arterial blood gas suggested there was acidosis, and rats were in a hypoxic state (P < 0.05).Compared with the HS group, the rats in the LR group had aggravated pulmonary oedema.HE staining showed there was a fusion of alveolar sacs, lung tissue structure was destroyed and appeared obvious inflammatory cell infiltration.Respiratory rate and tidal volume increased, and arterial blood gas got deteriorated (P < 0.05).Dexmedetomidine significantly improved the lung function of rats with hemorrhagic shock pulmonary oedema after exposure to the plateau environment, and there was a decreased in pulmonary microvascular permeability, lung water content and alveolar lavage fluid protein concentration, compared with the lactated Ringer's solution resuscitation group (P < 0.05).The tidal volume, respiratory rate and minute ventilation of the rats tended to be higher than that of the plateau control group (P < 0.05).HE staining results showed that the alveolar structure tended to be intact, and the exudation in the alveolar lumen was reduced or even disappeared.Arterial blood gas analysis suggested that the level of acidosis was improved (P < 0.05), which eventually improved the survival rate. Conclusion Pulmonary edema is more likely to be induced during the resuscitation of rats with hemorrhagic shock after exposure to the plateau environment, and prophylactic administration of dexmedetomidine (10 μg/kg) is effective in preventing the development of pulmonary oedema.

Abstract Background and objective Loneliness is detrimental to mental health, with university students at higher risk of feeling lonely than other population groups. The mental health of college students is a hot topic at present. Despite numerous studies exploring interventions for loneliness among university students. However, little research has explored early psychological manifestations of university students with different levels of loneliness. Despite numerous studies exploring interventions for loneliness among university students, little research has explored early psychological manifestations of university students with different levels of loneliness. Initial sandplay is a good tool to reveal psychological activity. Therefore, our study aims to explore the characteristics of initial sandplay application among university students with different levels of loneliness. Methods We recruited 60 volunteers from a university to perform a sandplay experiment from January to April 2021. The UCLA Loneliness Scale measured the levels of loneliness. These 60 participants were divided into the experimental group (n = 30) and control group (n = 30) according to their levels of loneliness. The experimental group included participants with a scale score of more than 44. Other participants with a scale score of less than 44 belong to the control group. We recorded their sandplay artwork and statistically analyzed it by the Sandplay Process Record Form. Group comparisons were performed using the t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables, and the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. The logistic regression analysis by forward stepwise method was conducted to analyze the sandplay theme features for loneliness. Results Regarding the sandplay tools, the experimental group used fewer transportation tools (t=-3.608, p

The facial nerve, also known as the seventh cranial nerve, is critical in controlling the movement of the facial muscles. It is responsible for all facial expressions, such as smiling, frowning, and moving the eyebrows. However, damage to this nerve can occur for a variety of reasons, including maxillofacial surgery, trauma, tumors, and infections. Facial nerve injuries can cause severe functional impairment and can lead to different degrees of facial paralysis, significantly affecting the quality of life of patients. Over the past ten years, significant progress has been made in the field of facial nerve repair. Different approaches, including direct suture, autologous nerve grafts, and tissue engineering, have been utilized for the repair of facial nerve injury. This article mainly summarizes the clinical methods and basic research progress of facial nerve repair in the past ten years.

Substantial proteolysis occurs and free amino acids can be degraded to biogenic amines by decarboxylation during stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis) ensiling. High biogenic amine concentrations in silage are harmful to the health of ruminant animals. The purposes of this work were to (1) analyze the biogenic amines and amino acids concentrations, bacterial composition, and fermentation profile of spontaneously fermented stylo silage, (2) explore the effect of formic acid or sugar additive on these silage parameters, and (3) further reveal the correlations between silage amines and fermentation parameters, amino acids, and bacteria. Freshly chopped stylo was treated with distilled water (control), formic acid (4 mL/kg), and sugar (20 g/kg) and fermented for 28 days. The results indicated that putrescine (321 mg/kg dry matter), cadaverine (384 mg/kg dry matter), and tyramine (127 mg/kg dry matter) rapidly increased in concentration and become predominant in the control silage after 28 days of fermentation. Applying formic acid and sugar at ensiling, especially the acidifier, significantly decreased putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, and total biogenic amine concentrations compared with the control treatment (p < 0.0001). Clostridium pabulibutyricum, Weissella cibaria and W. paramesenteroides were the predominant bacteria in the control silage, and the application of both additives remarkably lowered their relative abundance in comparison with the control treatment (p < 0.001). Correlation analysis showed that putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine were positively related to pH, butyric acid, non-protein nitrogen, and ammonia nitrogen (p < 0.01). These amines also had significant correlations with C. pabulibutyricum, W. cibaria and W. paramesenteroides (p < 0.001). Putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine were the main biogenic amines and C. pabulibutyricum was the predominant undesirable bacterium in naturally fermented stylo silage. C. pabulibutyricum, W. cibaria and W. paramesenteroides were positively related to putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine formation. The application of formic acid or sugar significantly reduced the undesirable bacterial population and improved the fermentation and hygienic quality of the stylo silage. These findings lay the foundation for further elucidating the microbial mechanism underlying the main biogenic amine formation during fermentation of stylo silage.

Abstract Key message Sample size (number of plots) may significantly affect the accuracy of forest attribute estimations using airborne LiDAR data in large-scale subtropical areas. In general, the accuracy of all models improves with increasing sample size. However, the improvement in estimation accuracy varies across forest attributes and forest types. Overall, a larger sample size is required to estimate the stand volume (VOL), while a smaller sample size is required to estimate the mean diameter at breast height (DBH). Broad-leaved forests require a smaller sample size than Chinese fir forests. Context Sample size is an essential factor affecting the cost of LiDAR-assisted forest resource inventory. Therefore, investigating the minimum sample size required to achieve acceptable accuracy for airborne LiDAR-based forest attribute estimation can help improve cost efficiency and optimize technical schemes. Aims The aims were to assess the optimal sample size to estimate the VOL, basal area, mean height, and DBH in stands dominated by Cunninghamia lanceolate, Pinus massoniana, Eucalyptus spp., and other broad-leaved species in a large subtropical area using airborne LiDAR data. Methods Statistical analyses were performed on the differences in LiDAR metrics between different sample sizes and the total number of plots, as well as on the field-measured attributes. The relative root mean square error (rRMSE) and the determination coefficient (R 2) of multiplicative power models with different sample sizes were compared. The logistic regression between the coefficient of variation of the rRMSE and the sample size was established, and the minimum sample size was determined using a threshold of less than 10% for the coefficient of variation. Results As the sample sizes increased, we found a decrease in the mean rRMSE and an increase in the mean R 2, as well as a decrease in the standard deviation of the LiDAR metrics and field-measured attributes. Sample sizes for Chinese fir, pine, eucalyptus, and broad-leaved forests should be over 110, 80, 85, and 60, respectively, in a practical airborne LiDAR-based forest inventory. Conclusion The accuracy of all forest attribute estimations improved as the sample size increased across all forest types, which could be attributed to the decreasing variations of both LiDAR metrics and field-measured attributes.

Abstract As a superior modulation strategy, space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) provides redundant voltage vectors and adjustable action time, which can achieve multi‐objective control of modular multilevel converter (MMC). An SVPWM strategy suitable for MMC is proposed. The strategy is divided into three stages. In the first stage, the appropriate voltage vector, the action time and the basic sub‐module (SM) input number are quickly calculated to ensure the output quality by equating MMC as a 2‐level inverter. In the second stage, a finite set of the circulating current suppression is established on the basis of the basic SM input number. The optimal SM input number is selected through rolling optimisation. In the last stage, according to the SM voltage sorting and the optimal SM input number, the optimal switching state is determined to realise the SM voltage balance control. The proposed control strategy simplifies the design of the control system, reduces the computational burden and can be easily extended to MMC with any SM number. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed SVPWM strategy can reduce the circulating current and balance the SM capacitor voltage while ensuring the output quality.

In this work, a novel binary hybrid woven carbon nanotube (CNT) tape/copper wire carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite is prepared. The mode I interlaminar fracture toughness (G IC) is employed to critically evaluate the delamination performance. A comparison of the G IC value with that of the carbon fiber reinforced composite confirms that incorporating CNT tapes and copper wires into the composite increases the value by 263%. In the transverse and through-thickness direction, the conductivity of the laminate increases to 458 and 193 S/m, which is increased by 196 and 675%, respectively. The thermal conductivity along the thickness direction is increased to 2.27 W/m K, an increase of 134%. The volume fraction of CNT tapes and copper wire are as low as approximately 0.87 and 0.47 vol%, respectively. 3D woven composites have potential applications in high-performance structures and lightning striking protection such as aircraft, ships, and engines, which benefits by the innovative through-thickness implantation of composites using CNT tape and copper wire.

Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) has attracted extensive attention because of its fast growth, easy reproduction, tolerance to barren conditions, and high oil content of seeds. SWEET (Sugar Will Eventually be Exported Transporter) family genes contribute to regulating the distribution of carbohydrates in plants and have great potential in improving yield and stress tolerance. In this study, we performed a functional analysis of the homology of these genes from physic nut, JcSWEET12 and JcSWEET17a. Subcellular localization indicated that the JcSWEET12 protein is localized on the plasma membrane and the JcSWEET17a protein on the vacuolar membrane. The overexpression of JcSWEET12 (OE12) and JcSWEET17a (OE17a) in Arabidopsis leads to late and early flowering, respectively, compared to the wild-type plants. The transgenic OE12 seedlings, but not OE17a, exhibit increased salt tolerance. In addition, OE12 plants attain greater plant height and greater shoot dry weight than the wild-type plants at maturity. Together, our results indicate that JcSWEET12 and JcSWEET17a play different roles in the regulation of flowering time and salt stress response, providing a novel genetic resource for future improvement in physic nut and other plants.

Enhancing the aerobic stability of whole-plant corn silage is essential for producing high-quality silage. Our research assessed the effect of inoculation with Lactobacillus buchneri or Bacillus licheniformis and its modulation of the bacterial and fungal microbial community structure in an aerobic stage of whole-plant corn silage. Following treatment with a distilled sterile water control, Lactobacillus buchneri, and Bacillus licheniformis (2 × 105 cfu/g), whole-plant corn was ensiled for 60 days. Samples were taken on days 0, 3, and 7 of aerobic exposure, and the results showed that inoculation with Lactobacillus buchneri or Bacillus licheniformis improved the aerobic stability of silage when compared to the effect of the control (p < 0.05). Inoculation with Bacillus licheniformis attenuated the increase in pH value and the decrease in lactic acid in the aerobic stage (p < 0.05), reducing the filamentous fungal counts. On the other hand, inoculation with Lactobacillus buchneri or Bacillus licheniformis increased the diversity of the fungal communities (p < 0.05), complicating the correlation between bacteria or fungi, reducing the relative abundance of Acetobacter and Paenibacillus in bacterial communities, and inhibiting the tendency of Monascus to replace Issatchenkia in fungal communities, thus delaying the aerobic spoilage process. Due to the prevention of the development of aerobic spoilage microorganisms, the silage injected with Lactobacillus buchneri or Bacillus licheniformis exhibited improved aerobic stability.

This paper first integrates the green concept into jewelry design from three aspects of jewelry materials, modeling and production process, and demonstrates the jewelry 3D printing technology in line with the green concept in the context of information technology and analyzes its technical process. Then, based on the PCA method and the point cloud data of space lattice, the three-dimensional normal estimation of jewelry is carried out, the three-dimensional reconstruction and cavity repair of jewelry is carried out through the triangular mesh model, and the complete output of the jewelry model in STL format is carried out, and the STL fast slicing is carried out. Finally, the effects of 3D modeling, slicing efficiency, and jewelry design are analyzed through numerical simulation experiments. The results show that the standard deviation of the error in the x-direction σ =0.16um, expectation μ =−0.007um, the standard deviation of the error in the y-direction σ =0.08um, expectation μ =0.003um, and the standard deviation of the error in the z-direction σ =0.28um, expectation μ =−0.001um, with a variation range of (−0.028, 0.028), in the three-dimensional modeling of jewelry. Compared with the traditional slicing algorithm, this paper’s slicing efficiency of jewelry is improved by (0.26, 0.45), when the production quantity is more than 500 pieces, in terms of the cost of the traditional production method is more advantageous.

Cellulose enzymatic saccharification is a key link in converting lignocellulose to fuel ethanol via a sugar platform. In this paper, the maximum information coefficient (MIC) algorithm is proposed to detect linear correlations and nonlinear correlations between bioinformatics variables from the application of bioinformatics. Meanwhile, to address the problems of excessive grid division and low statistical efficacy of MIC algorithm, BackMIC, an optimization algorithm using quiz control number of segments, is proposed to terminate the network search using the chi-square test. Then, cellulase hydrolysis and adsorption experiments were designed and performed, and the experimental data were analyzed based on the BackMIC algorithm. The optimum activity temperature of different cellulases was around 50°C, while the hydrolysis rate of cellulases of different treated raw materials increased and then decreased with the increase of temperature, and basically, the maximum was achieved in the temperature range of 50~55°C. In the pH test, the optimum temperature of cellulase hydrolysis was concentrated at 4.4~4.5. In the cellulase adsorption experiments, the enzymatic activity of steam-popped wheatgrass was adsorbed in the following order: FPA> C1> CMCase> β-Case. The study of cellulase hydrolysis based on bioinformatics reveals the synergistic relationship between cellulase hydrolysis and adsorbed properties, which provides a theoretical basis for reducing the ineffective adsorption of cellulose and the development of enzymatic strengthening technology. The theoretical basis for reducing the ineffective adsorption of cellulose and the development of enzymatic enhancement technology can help reduce the cost of lignocellulose enzymatic digestion.

High-moisture corn silage presents a novel approach to reduce forage feeding expenses and enhance animal performance. Nevertheless, given corn’s proclivity for starch, suboptimal fermentation quality in high-moisture corn silage can lead to spoilage, posing risks to livestock well-being. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of different additives on the fermentation profile, chemical composition, nutrient digestibility of high-moisture corn (HMC) silage. All treatments improved the quality of high-moisture corn silage fermentation, as demonstrated by a decrease in pH and increase in lactic acid (LA) content. The high-moisture corn silage had a low content of trans fatty acids (TFA). Fermentation effectively decreased prolamin content while increasing 48-h in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), estimated total tract starch digestibility (eTTSD), total digestible nutrient (TDN), and relative grain quality (RGQ) of high-moisture corn silage. Nonetheless, no effect was observed on the 48-h IVDMD of high-moisture corn silage among the different treatments. Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated that neutral detergent fiber (aNDF), neutral detergent insoluble protein (NDIP), crude protein (CP), zein, and prolamin closely correlated with the digestibility of high-moisture corn. The study’s findings demonstrate that inoculating L. buchneri and potassium sorbate can improve the quality of high-moisture corn silage fermentation and digestibility in different hybrids. The results will provide insights for enhancing farm productivity and profitability in China.

Introduction Several factors associated with susceptibility to cigarette smoking have been identified, yet there is little evidence on the possible effects of waterpipe use. With this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate the relationship between waterpipe use and cigarette smoking susceptibility among adolescents and young adults who never smoked. Methods Eligible studies were searched in PubMed, Springer Link, ScienceDirect and Cochrane Library up to August 2022. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of cigarette smoking susceptibility with waterpipe use were estimated using a random-effects model. Publication bias was assessed by Egger’s regression asymmetry test and Begg’s rank correlation test with Begg’s funnel plot. Results A total of 59710 participants, including 3559 waterpipe users from six studies, were identified in this analysis. Results showed that the odds of susceptibility to cigarette smoking were nearly two times (OR=1.90; 95% CI: 1.59–2.26) greater for never smoker adolescents and young adults who used waterpipe tobacco, compared to those who were never users. In subgroup analyses, the pooled OR was 2.19 (95% CI: 1.52–3.14) and 1.70 (95% CI: 1.51–1.92) for current and ever use of waterpipe, while the pooled OR was 1.99 (95% CI: 1.35– 2.95) and 1.87 (95% CI: 1.45–2.39) in Arab and non-Arab nations, respectively. Conclusions Our findings suggest that waterpipe use was associated with greater odds of susceptibility to cigarette smoking among adolescents and young adults who never smoked. Tailored public health policies and regulations on waterpipe smoking may help to protect youth never smokers from initiation of cigarette smoking.

Objective To observe the early therapeutic effects of a mitochondrial fission inhibitor, mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi-1), on the traumatic shock rats at high altitude. Methods SD rats were rapidly transported (airlift) from the plain (Chongqing) to the plateau (Lhasa, 3 600 m altitude). After 72 h, the traumatic shock model of rats at high altitude was prepared by free bleeding from splenic artery disconnection until mean arterial pressure (MAP) fell to 40 mmHg. The animals were divided into 5 groups: sham-operation group, shock group, Lactate Ringer's (LR) solution control group, and LR combined with 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg Mdivi-1 groups. Then the experiments were designed as 2 parts. The rats in the first part were resuscitated with mere LR solution or combined with 0.1 or 0.5 mg/kg Mdivi-1 without hemostatic treatment. With the MAP maintained at 50-60 mmHg, the changes of MAP, bleeding volume, fluid infusion volume and survival rate were observed in each group. In the second part, bleeding control was performed by ligation of the spleen artery after 1 h of low-pressure resuscitation, and definitive resuscitation was continuously given. The changes of blood loss, infusion volume, organ functions, tissue oxygen partial pressure, lung and brain water content and animal survival were subsequently investigated. Results When LR solution was used for low-pressure resuscitation without hemostatic treatment, the MAP of rats was maintained at 50-60 mmHg for about 1 h, and then began to drop gradually rather than rise after increasing the amount of fluid input, with the bleeding volume soared obviously. Whereas Mdivi-1 combination treatment maintained MAP at 50-60 mmHg for about 3 h, and significantly reduced the bleeding volume and fluid infusion. Further studies showed that in the hemostatic resuscitation treatment, the rats of the LR control group still had a rather low level of tissue oxygen partial pressure, with elevated water contents in the lung and brain, and seriously impaired functions of vital organs such as the heart, liver and kidney. However, Mdivi-1 (0.1 or 0.5 mg/kg) treatment remarkably improved the damage, increased the tissue oxygen partial pressure, reduced the water contents in the lung and brain, alleviated the impairment of the heart, liver and kidney, and greatly prolonged the survival time of shock animals. Conclusion Mdivi-1 is suitable for the early treatment of traumatic shock at high altitude, which can improve organ functions and extend the golden time of treatment.

Objective To determine the effects of seawater immersion at 21 ℃ on survival, organ functions, tissue metabolism and homeostasis in rats with hemorrhagic shock. Methods A total of 128 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group (NC), 40% hemorrhagic shock group (HS), normal rats with 21 ℃ seawater immersion (2 h) group (SI), and 40% hemorrhagic shock rats combined with 21 ℃ seawater immersion (2 h) group (HS+SI). The survival rate in each group was observed for 72 h in 2 h after modeling, the changes of cardiac function [cardiac troponin T (cTnT)], liver function [alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels], renal function [blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) levels], tissue metabolism and internal environment were detected in each group. Results As compared with the NC group, the plasma osmolality (OSM), concentrations of Na+, K+, Cl- and water contents in the lung and brain were increased, while the Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the lung and brain was decreased in the HS and SI groups. With the elevation of the damage indexes in heart, liver and kidney functions, the mortality was increased as well in the HS and SI groups. Combination of 21 ℃ seawater immersion resulted in more severe damages induced by simple 40% hemorrhagic shock, shown as further increases in plasma OSM, Na+, K+ and Cl- concentrations, and water contents of the lung and brain, as well as further declined Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the lung (3.81±0.30 U/mg) and brain (7.17±0.51 U/mg) (P < 0.05). Serious deterioration was observed in the functions of the heart, liver and kidney, with levels of cTnT, ALT, AST, BUN and SCr elevated to 7.25±0.66 μg/L, 118.60±13.29 U/L, 455.95±46.76 U/L, 19.74±2.12 mmol/L and 56.73±4.08 μmol/L, respectively (P < 0.05). The survival rate was reduced to 18.75%, and the median survival time was shortened to 10.50 h in the rats of the HS+SI group. Conclusion Seawater immersion at 21℃ exacerbates disorders of the internal environment and tissue metabolism in 40% hemorrhagic shock rats, leading to aggravated multiple organ injury and thus increased mortality.

Objective To compare the effects of four common anesthetics on cardiac function test in pressure overload-induced heart failure mice. Methods Eight-week-old male C57/BL6 mice (n=120) with a body weight of 20~25 g were selected to establish a mouse model of heart failure by transthoracic aortic coarctation (TAC). Mice were randomly divided into two parts. In the first part, 60 mice were randowly divided into four groups (n=15) and anesthetized with four different anesthetics (isoflurane, sodium pentobarbital, ketamine and tribromoethanol), respectively, to compare the effects of 4 different anesthetics on cardiac function evaluation in mice with heart failure. There were 9 groups in the second part. Each group had 4 mice from the first to the third group, and there were 8 mice in the rest of 3 groups. Mice were anesthetized with different concentrations of isoflurane and tribromoethane to compare the effects of different concentration gradient. Results All four anesthetics may lead to the death of mice with heart failure during the anesthesia induction stage, and the proportion of anesthetized death in mice with heart failure caused by isoflurane was significantly lower than that of the other three groups (P < 0.05). The cardiac function of the mice with heart failure was reduced, and the time of awakening from the anaesthetic was longer than that of the normal mice. Among them, isoflurane had the least effect on the heart rate of mice with heart failure, the ventricular function parameters were higher than the other groups' (P < 0.05) and the time of awakening from anesthetic was shorter than that of other groups (P < 0.05). Results showed that the lower concentration of anesthetics have less effect on cardiac EF value. And 1% isoflurane or 0.15 mL/10 g tribromoethanol had no effect on the cardiac EF value. Conclusion All four anesthetics could affect the heart rate and cardiac function evaluation of mice with heart failure, and even lead to death. Inhaled isoflurane has significantly better anesthesia effect and safety than other injectable anesthetics in anesthetizing heart failure mice.

BackgroundThe kilowatt reactor using stirling technology (KRUSTY) is a heat-pipe-cooled reactor experimental system that uses a Stirling engine to convert thermal energy to electricity, it is the only one published experimental data for heat-pipe-cooled reactor systems. The KRUSTY experimental data under different working scenarios include the cold startup and load change processes, heat pipe failure, reactivity insertion, and heat sink loss.PurposeThis study aims to validate the self-developed system transient analysis code named TAPIRS-D for the heat-pipe-cooled reactor concept using KRUSTY experimental data.MethodsFirstly, an in-house system code for a heat-pipe-cooled reactor named TAPIRS-D was introduced, with the main theoretical module briefly explained, including the reactor power calculation module, heat transfer module for fuel assembly, and heat pipes. Then, the TAPIRS-D was applied for the first time to the simulation of the key processes of the KRUSTY prototypic reactor test under normal operation and accident conditions. Finally, comparison between the simulation data and experimental data was conducted for the validation of this analysis code.ResultsComparison results demonstrate that the maximum relative prediction error for the fuel temperature is less than 2%, and the reactor power average prediction error is less than 10%.ConclusionsThe prediction trend of the numerical simulation by TAPIRS-D fits well with the experimental data on key parameters such as core power and the temperature of fuel and heat pipes, which indicates that TAPIRS-D is well developed and is capable of conducting safety analysis for heat pipe cooled reactor concepts. The validation of this system analysis code provides a good reference for other newly developed system codes for heat pipe reactors.

Extant studies examining the process of population migration in China are mostly based on the two front and back nodes of first-time migration and the final settlement (or return). However, less attention has been paid to the subsequent flow of the population and the overall flow process of multi-stage migration, which has caused problems. There are significant gaps in the understanding of the multi-stage process of population migration and flow in China, which also affect the expansion and deepening of the spatial pattern and law of population migration. Considering the above, this article is supported by the 2017 China Mobile Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey data; it used descriptive statistics and community discovery methods comprehensively to analyze the first-time migration of the floating population and the current-time migration between cities of different regions and scales and levels, as well as spaces between different cities. Thus, a comparative study on the spatial differentiation characteristics revealed the inherent laws of similarities and differences. The results show that (1) regarding regional differences, the pattern of outflows remains relatively stable in the two phases of mobility, while the changes in the pattern of inflows are mainly reflected in the decrease in the proportion of inflows to the central region and the increase in the proportion of inflows to the western region in the current-time migration. The proportion of inflows to megacities decreases significantly, while the proportion of inflows to Type I megacities, medium-sized cities, and Type I small cities increases; furthermore, the proportion of inflows to municipalities directly under the central government and municipalities with separate plans increases, and the proportion of people moving to sub-provincial and provincial capitals decreases. (2) The net migration pattern between cities and municipalities is stable, with net in-migration distributed in "blocks" in developed cities in the eastern coastal provinces and in "dots" in central and western provincial capitals and some resource-based and port cities, while net out-migration is distributed in blocks. Net in-migration is distributed in blocks in most cities in the central and western regions and inland cities in the coastal provinces, whereas net out-migration is distributed in blocks in most cities in the central and western regions. (3) The two stages of migration are dominated by the intertwined patterns of migration in the vicinity and long-distance migration, and the pattern of migration networks between cities and regions is thus characterized by the phenomenon of "dense east and sparse west," with the Hu Line being the boundary. However, there is also a decrease in the size of migration to Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei at the current-time migration stage of mobility, with the Yangtze River Delta replacing the Pearl River Delta as the preferred inflow region. (4) The livelihood strategies and spatial inertia of the mobile population are the main reasons for their similar spatial patterns in the first-time and current-time migration stages of mobility. The transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure and the gradient transfer between regions are important forces that lead to changes in the destination choices of the floating population. The main contribution of this study is an innovative comparative analysis and a description of the spatial pattern of the first-time and current-time migration of the floating population. Furthermore, it provides a feasible observation perspective for the cognition of the spatial characteristics and evolution rules of the multi-stage flows of the floating population.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Bacillus subtilis or Lentilactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and bacterial and fungal communities of whole plant corn silage during aerobic exposure. Whole plant corn was harvested at the wax maturity stage, which chopped to a length of approximately 1 cm, and treated with the following: distilled sterile water control, 2.0 × 105 CFU/g of Lentilactobacillus buchneri (LB) or 2.0 × 105 CFU/g of Bacillus subtilis (BS) for 42 days silage. Then, the samples were exposed to air (23–28°C) after opening and sampled at 0, 18 and 60 h, to investigate fermentation quality, bacterial and fungal communities, and aerobic stability. Inoculation with LB or BS increased the pH value, acetic acid, and ammonia nitrogen content of silage (P < 0.05), but it was still far below the threshold of inferior silage, the yield of ethanol was reduced (P < 0.05), and satisfactory fermentation quality was achieved. With the extension of the aerobic exposure time, inoculation with LB or BS prolonged the aerobic stabilization time of silage, attenuated the trend of pH increase during aerobic exposure, and increased the residues of lactic acid and acetic acid. The bacterial and fungal alpha diversity indices gradually declined, and the relative abundance of Basidiomycota and Kazachstania gradually increased. The relative abundance of Weissella and unclassified_f_Enterobacteria was higher and the relative abundance of Kazachstania was lower after inoculation with BS compared to the CK group. According to the correlation analysis, Bacillus and Kazachstania are bacteria and fungi that are more closely related to aerobic spoilage and inoculation with LB or BS could inhibit spoilage. The FUNGuild predictive analysis indicated that the higher relative abundance of fungal parasite-undefined saprotroph in the LB or BS groups at AS2, may account for its good aerobic stability. In conclusion, silage inoculated with LB or BS had better fermentation quality and improved aerobic stability by effectively inhibiting the microorganisms that induce aerobic spoilage.

Research on synergies and trade-offs between ecosystem services (ES) contributes to a better understanding of the linkages between ecosystem functions. Relevant research mainly focuses on mountain areas, while research in arid areas is obviously insufficient. In this research, we use the northern sand-stabilization belt (NSB) as an example to explore how the synergies and trade-offs between different ES vary with the gradient of precipitation and fractional vegetation cover (FVC) over the period 2000-2020. Based on five simulated ecosystem services (habitat provision, sand-stabilization service, water conservation service, soil conservation service and carbon sequestration service), the Pearson correlation coefficient method was used to analyze the various characteristics of the trade-offs and synergies among the different ES pairs along the FVC and precipitation gradients. Results showed that: Synergies between most paired ES increased significantly with increasing precipitation and FVC. However, ES have different sensitivities to environmental change, FVC promotes bit more synergy of ES pairs than precipitation. The study also found that land use/land cover may be an important driving factor for trade-offs and synergies between paired ES. The findings demonstrate that increased precipitation and FVC promote synergy of ecosystem services in arid regions of China. In the future, it can be investigated whether anthropogenic increase in FVC in arid regions can significantly contribute to the synergy of ES. In the meantime, this study could improve our understanding of arid and semi-arid (or macro-regional) ecosystems and contribute to the development of ecosystem management and conservation measures in NSB.

Alfalfa is harvested two or three times a year in central and western Inner Mongolia, China. However, the variations in bacterial communities as affected by wilting and ensiling, and the ensiling characteristics of alfalfa among the different cuttings, are not fully understood. To enable a more complete evaluation, alfalfa was harvested three times a year. At each time of cutting, alfalfa was harvested at early bloom, wilted for 6 h, and then ensiled in polyethylene bags for 60 days. The bacterial communities and nutritional components of fresh alfalfa(F), wilted alfalfa(W) and ensiled alfalfa(S), and the fermentation quality and functional profile of bacterial communities of the three cuttings alfalfa silage, were then analyzed. Functional characteristics of silage bacterial communities were evaluated according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. The results showed that all nutritional components, fermentation quality, bacterial communities, carbohydrate, amino acid metabolism and key enzymes of bacterial communities were influenced by cutting time. The species richness of F increased from the first cutting to the third cutting; it was not changed by wilting, but was decreased by ensiling. At phylum level, Proteobacteria were more predominant than other bacteria, followed by Firmicutes (0.063–21.39%) in F and W in the first and second cuttings. Firmicutes (96.66–99.79%) were more predominant than other bacteria, followed by Proteobacteria (0.13–3.19%) in S in the first and second cuttings. Proteobacteria, however, predominated over all other bacteria in F, W, or S in the third cutting. The third-cutting silage showed the highest levels of dry matter, pH and butyric acid (p

The complexity and fragility of the Yellow River Basin ecosystem limits its economic growth and sustainable social development as a strategic planning area for development in western China. The Chinese government has established the Loess Plateau Ecological Screen (LPES) in the region to eliminate or mitigate the negative ecological impacts of human activities represented by the expansion of impervious surfaces (IS) through active ecological conservation and restoration. However, there are few studies that quantify the effects of impervious surfaces on ecosystem services (ES). To fill this gap, this study takes the LPES in China as an example and explores the response of ES to IS changes and its scale effect from 2000 to 2020. Based on remote sensing, meteorological, soil, hydrological, social, and economic data using GIS spatial analysis techniques. The results show that: From 2000 to 2020, the urbanization of the LPES developed rapidly, and the IS increased rapidly. The increase in IS affected the supply of ES, which decreased with the increase in IS growth rate, and this phenomenon had a scale effect. Overall, except for soil conservation service (SCS) - IS, carbon storage service (C) - IS at the administrative scale, the negative correlation increased with increasing scale, while the opposite was true at the grid scale. There were thresholds for the response of ES to IS, and the thresholds were also influenced by the scale of study. The smaller the scale was, the lower the threshold was. However, there were differences in the ranking of each ES reaching the threshold with increasing IS at the grid-scale and administrative division scale. The ecosystem services composite index (ESCI) was found to be the best indicator for exploring the relationship between IS and ES compared to other single ecosystem services indices, with the largest negative correlation with IS and the least influenced by scale effects. Given the obvious scale effect of IS on ES, this study suggests that the development of ecological management programs at the national level should be macroscopically regulated at the provincial level, with specific measures at smaller grid scales (5 Km × 5 Km) to constrain IS expansion..

ObjectivesWeight perceptions have been implicated in weight control related behaviors among children and adolescents, yet studies in mainland China are scarce. We examined the associations of self-perceived weight status and weight misperception with weight control related behaviors in Chinese middle and high school students.MethodsWe used cross-sectional data from the 2017 Zhejiang Youth Risk Behavior Survey which that included 17,359 Chinese students, with 8,616 boys and 8,743 girls. Perceived weight status, as well as height, weight and weight control related behaviors information was collected via a self-reported questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated by multinomial logistic regression were used to assess the relationships between weight perceptions and weight control related behaviors.ResultsAmong the 17,359 students aged 9 to 18 years, the mean (SD) age was 15.72 (1.64) years. Overall, 34.19% of children and adolescents perceived themselves as overweight and the prevalence of weight misperception was 45.44%, with 35.54% overestimation and 9.90% underestimation. Children and adolescents perceiving themselves as overweight were more likely to have weight control behaviors, with OR was 2.60 (95% CI: 2.39-2.83) for weight control attempt, 2.48 (2.28-2.70) for exercising, 2.85 (2.60-3.11) for dieting, 2.01 (1.51-2.68) for taking laxatives, 2.09 (1.67-2.02) for taking diet pills, and 2.39 (1.94-2.94) for fasting, respectively, compared to those with right weight status. Among children and adolescents with overestimating weight status, the OR was 2.40 (2.22-2.59), 2.50 (2.31-2.70), 2.85 (2.61-3.11), 1.81 (1.39-2.37), 2.20 (1.77-2.74), and 2.16 (1.77-2.63) for weight control attempt, exercising, dieting, taking laxatives, taking diet pills, and fasting, relative to those with accurate weight perception.ConclusionsSelf-perceived overweight and weight misperception are prevalent in Chinese children and adolescents, and positively associated with weight control related behaviors.

This study aims to investigate the effects of adding Lactobacillus buchneri (LB), Lactobacillus brevis (LBR) and Bacillus subtilis (BS) on the fermentation quality, nitrate degradation and bacterial community of sorghum-sudangrass silage. The results showed that the addition of LB significantly increased the pH and acetic acid content (p

At present, the patients with transfusion-dependent lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have limited treatment options when erythropoiesis-stimulating agent is ineffective or relapsed. With more understanding of the pathological and molecular genetics characteristics of MDS, the development of precise medical treatment of MDS has been promoted. Small-molecule inhibitors, such as transforming growth factor β inhibiter, telomerase inhibiter and hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, provide novel therapeutic strategies for patients. This article reviews the treatment of transfusion-dependent lower-risk MDS patients and discusses the latest clinical research and development of novel targeted agents.

Objective To determine the protective effect of early application of Mdivi-1, an inhibitor of mitochondrial division, on the kidneys of rats with uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock after maintaining hypotensive resuscitation. Methods A total of 128 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham operation group (Sham group), uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock group (Shock group), conventional fluid resuscitation group (Ct group), and conventional fluid resuscitation combined with Mdivi-1 treatment group (Mdivi-1 group). The changes of survival rate, survival time, renal function, renal blood flow and mitochondrial function in above groups were observed and compared. Results ① The survival time of the rats was longer in the Ct group than the Shock group. The Mdivi-1 group had significantly longer survival time (51.7 h) and 72-hour improvement (31.25%) when compared with the Ct group (14.4 h, 0%; P < 0.05). ② Though the renal blood flow of rats was improved in the Ct group than the Shock group (P < 0.05), while the improving effect was more obvious in the Mdivi-1 group as compared to the Ct group (128.43±25.55 vs 244.76±57.79 U/min, P < 0.01). ③Mdivi-1 group showed significantly lower levels of serum creatinine (Crea) and urea nitrogen (Urea) than the Shock group (P < 0.01) and the Ct group (P < 0.05); ④Mdivi-1 significantly improved the renal mitochondrial respiratory control rate (RCR), which was statistically higher than those of the Shock group and Ct group (P < 0.05); ⑤Compared with the Shock group and the Ct group, the Mdivi-1 group had significantly decreased contents of renal malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (P < 0.01), indicating its great alleviation to the injury of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock. Conclusion Prior to definitive hemostatic therapy for uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock, the administration of mdivi-1 in combination with routine fluid resuscitation can effectively increase the survival rate, improve renal perfusion and renal function as well as renal mitochondrial function, and consequently reduce oxidative stress injury in rats.

Objective To explore the death risk factors for the patients after heart valve surgery in order to guide the perioperative management. Methods A propensity score matching study was performed in the patients undergoing heart valve surgery in our department from September 2016 to August 2019. Fifty dead patients (3 cases without complete clinical data were excluded) were assigned into the death group, and another 150 patients selected from the 4 078 who were recovered after the surgery were assigned into the control group. The clinical data, including intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative heparin dosage, lowest body temperature during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), implantation of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), surgery procedures, type of artificial valve, and results of postoperative blood gas analysis were compared between 2 groups. The death risk factors for these patients were analyzed, and receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to evaluate these factors. Results After propensity score matching, 46 pairs of patients were finally included. The patients in the death group owned significantly larger intraoperative blood loss, larger number of implanted IABP, higher postoperative PaCO2 and lactate levels, while lower hematocrit value and PaO2 and SaO2 levels when compared with those of the control group (P < 0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that hyperlactatemia and higher PaCO2 were the risk factors for the mortality of valve surgery (P < 0.05), and their areas under ROC curves were 0.918 and 0.793, respectively, at the cut-off values of 7.55 mmol/L and 49.50 mmHg, respectively. Conclusion Hyperlactatemia and higher PaCO2 are risk factors for the mortality of heart valve surgery. Postoperative management should focus on enough oxygen supply and improve tissue perfusion to reduce the mortality risk.

A fatigue life prediction methodology is proposed based on weight-averaged maximum shear stress range plane.Firstly,based on modified Wang and Brown’s reversal counting method,a new approach to the determination of the critical plane is proposed under multiaxial variable amplitude loading. For the entire loading history,the orientation angle of the critical plane is determined through averaging the orientation angles of maximum shear stress range planes with largest normal tensile stress in all counted reversals. The weight function is defined as the ratio of maximum shear stress range for every counted reversal to the largest shear stress range for all counted reversals. The accuracy of the proposed critical plane approach is verified using experimental data of 7050-T651 aluminium alloy notched tubular specimens. Then,the proposed determination approach of critical plane is combined with multiaxial high-cycle fatigue criterion and Miner damage rule to establish the fatigue life prediction methodology under multiaxial variable amplitude loading. Finally,the proposed fatigue life prediction methodology is verified by the experimental data of 7050-T651 and 2024-T4 aluminum alloy notched tubular specimens,and the results show that the proposed methodology has good prediction results.

Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize the involvement of long noncoding RNA HOTAIR in gastric cancer development. Measurement of HOTAIR and miRNA‐206 expression by in situ hybridization (ISH) and analyzed for the correlation between HOTAIR and miRNA‐206 in gastric cancer tissues. To evaluate the effects of HOTAIR in gastric cancer, MTT assay, flow cytometry, transwell, and wound healing assays were applied. To explain the mechanism behind HOTAIR's involvement, the expression of proteins related to it was also measured by Western blotting. Finally, correlations among related factors were determined by a luciferase target experiment. HOTAIR expression significantly increased, and miRNA‐206 expression significantly decreased in cancer tissues (p

Objective This study was conducted to investigate the effects of molasses and Lactobacillus plantarum on the ensiling quality and in vitro rumen fermentation of sudangrass silage prepared with or without wilting. Methods The ensiling experiment, measured with 3 replicates, was carried out according to a 2×4 (wilted stages×additives) factorial treatment structure. Dry matter of the fresh (210 g/kg fresh matter) or wilted (305 g/kg fresh matter) sudangrass were ensiled (packed into 5.0-L plastic jars) without additive (control) or with molasses (M), Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), or molasses + Lactobacillus plantarum (M+LP). After 60 days of ensiling, the silages were analyzed for the chemical, fermentation, and in vitro characteristics. Results After 60 days of ensiling, the fermentation parameters were affected by wilted, the additives and the interactions of wilted with the additives (p

Objective To investigate the effect of saline solutions of different osmotic pressures on the lethal triad, liver and kidney functions, and survival in hemorrhagic shock rats combined with seawater immersion. Methods The rats were immersed in 15 ℃ seawater, and inflicted to establish the model of hemorrhagic shock (40 mmHg for 2 h). After being immersed for 2 h, they were placed into the temperature control box for rewarming and treated with Lactate Ringer's (LR) solutions of different osmotic pressures (containing 0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9% saline, respectively) for resuscitation. Then their blood samples were collected to measure the pH value and evaluate the coagulation, liver and kidney functions. Meanwhile, the body temperature and blood pressure were recorded, and the survival was observed within 72 h. Results The mean arterial pressure (MAP) was significantly decreased after seawater immersion combined with hemorrhagic shock. All the fluids of different osmotic pressures obviously increased the MAP. The pressure could be maintained at 60~70 mmHg with 0.6% saline solution. Seawater immersion combined with hemorrhagic shock induced the rats to develop lethal triad, with notable decreases in body temperature, pH value, and coagulation dysfunction. While, fluid resuscitation treatment alleviated lethal triad, elevated the body temperature and pH value to different degrees, and improve the coagulation function. The treatment of 0.6% saline solution significantly improved the pH value and fibrinogen level, reduced the prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and international normalized ration (INR), with significant differences when compared with simple LR solution (P < 0.05). The results of organ functions showed that 0.6% saline solution significantly reduced the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Crea), which were decreased by 32.5%, 29.9%, 22.5% and 19.6%, respectively when compared with simple LR solution (P < 0.05). What's more, 0.6% saline solution also improved the survival rate and prolonged the survival time, with a 72-hour survival rate of 7/16 and a survival time of 35.4±34.0 h, and the survival rate was only 3/16 and the time was merely 29.4±29.1 h after simple LR solution treatment. Conclusion Appropriate hypo-osmotic fluid resuscitation can attenuate acidosis and coagulation dysfunction, protect organ functions, prolong the survival time, and improve the survival rate after seawater immersion combined with hemorrhagic shock.

Objective This study was conducted to reveal potential metabolic differences of dairy cows fed corn stover (CS) and rice straw (RS) instead of alfalfa hay (AH) as main forage source. Methods Thirty multiparous mid-late lactation Holstein dairy cows were selected and randomly assigned to three diets, AH, CS, or RS (n = 10). After 13 weeks of the feeding trial, coccygeal arterial and superficial epigastric venous plasma samples were collected before morning feeding for gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry analyses. Results In the artery, 8 and 13 metabolites were detected as differential metabolites between AH and CS, and between AH and RS, respectively. The relative abundance of phenylpropanoate (log2fold change [FC]) = 1.30, 1.09), panthenol (log2FC = 2.36, 2.20), threitol (log2FC = 1.00, 1.07), and 3,7,12-trihydroxycoprostane (log2FC = 0.79, 0.78) were greater in both CS and RS than in AH, and tyrosine (log2FC = −0.32), phenylalanine (log2FC = −0.30), and pyruvic acid (log2FC = −0.30) were lower in RS than in AH. In the vein, 1 and 7 metabolites were detected as differential metabolites between AH and CS, and between AH and RS, respectively. By comparing AH and RS, we found that metabolic pathways of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism were enriched by integrative artery and vein analysis. Furthermore, AH and RS, arterial phenylpropanoate and 4-hydroxyproline were positively, and phenylalanine was negatively correlated with milk urea nitrogen. Finally, in AH and CS, arterial panthenol was negatively correlated with feed efficiency. Conclusion Arterial metabolic profiles changed more than those in the veins from animals on three forage diets, differing in amino acids. We found that phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism were restricted when cows were fed low-quality cereal straw diets.

IntroductionMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate genetic expression and are also vital for tumor initiation and development. MiR-29b-3p was found to be involved in regulating various biological processes of tumors, including tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis inhibition; however, the biofunction and molecule-level mechanisms of miR-29b-3p inpapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remain unclear.MethodsThe expression of miR-29b-3p in PTC samples was tested via qRT-PCR. Cellular proliferation was analyzed by CCK-8 and EdU assays, and cellular migratory and invasive abilities were assessed utilizing wound-healing and Transwell assays. In addition, protein expressions of COL1A1, COL5A1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail, and Vimentin were identified via Western blot (WB) assay. Bioinformatics, qRT-PCR, WB, and dual luciferase reporter assays were completed to identify whether miR-29b-3p targeted COL1A1 and COL5A1. In addition, our team explored the treatment effects of miR-29b-3p on a murine heterograft model.ResultsOur findings revealed that miR-29b-3p proved much more regulated downward in PTC tissue specimens than in adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Meanwhile, decreased expression of miR-29b-3p was strongly related to the TNM stage of PTC patients (p

This study aimed to evaluate the fermentation quality, bacterial community, and nitrate content of sorghum-sudangrass silage with two ensiling densities [550 kg fresh weight (FW)/m3 (low density, LD) and 650 kg FW/m3 (high density, HD)] stored at two temperatures [10°C (low temperature, LT) and 25°C (normal temperature, NT)] for 60 days. The fermentation parameters, microbial counts, bacterial community, nutritional composition, and nitrate and nitrite levels were assessed. The pH and ammonia nitrogen (N) in all silages were below 4.0 and 80 g/kg total N, respectively. Compared with LT treatments, NT treatments had lower pH and lactic acid (LA) bacteria and yeasts counts and contained higher LA and LA/acetic acid (LA/AA) (p < 0.05). The LT-LD contained more ammonia–N than LT-HD (p < 0.05) and had higher nitrate and lower nitrate degradation than other treatments (p < 0.05). Lactobacillus was the most dominant genus with all treatments (57.2–66.9%). The LA, LA/AA, and abundances of Pantoea, Pseudomonas, and Enterobacter in the silage negatively correlated with nitrate concentration and positively correlated with nitrate degradation (p < 0.05). Moreover, pH and ammonia–N were positively correlated with nitrate concentration and negatively correlated with nitrate degradation (p < 0.05). Overall, all silage had satisfactory fermentation quality, and the silage with HD and NT had better fermentation quality and higher nitrate degradation. The bacterial communities in all silages were dominated by Lactobacillus. The nitrate degradation during the fermentation process might be related to the fermentation quality and the activity of Pantoea, Pseudomonas, and Enterobacter in silage.

In recent years, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has been widely developed for cancer research as a promising non-invasive therapeutic strategy. Here, we synthesized zeolitic imidazole frameworks-8 (ZIF-8) and utilized its properties to encapsulate hydrophobic Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and hydrophilic tirapazamine (TPZ) for a synergistic sonodynamic chemotherapy, which was also accompanied by the modification of cytomembrane of gastric cancer (GC) cells. Thus, we enabled the biomimetic property to achieve targeted delivery. Ce6-mediated SDT, in combination with ultrasound irradiation, could target the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to aggravate further hypoxia and activate TPZ. Combining these effects could induce the pyroptosis of GC cells and play the anti-tumor function, which could provide a potential therapeutic method for cancer therapy.