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Due to the large-scale development of rooftop photovoltaics and the continuous improvement of the national carbon trading market, the carbon credits generated by rooftop photovoltaics power generation can obtain additional income through carbon allocation offset or participation in carbon trading market. Firstly, the path and methods of participating in the carbon trading market for rooftop photovoltaic projects are studied, focusing on how large-scale rooftop photovoltaic projects participate in the carbon trading market and the degree of impact on the project's economy. Secondly, the life-cycle economic model of rooftop photovoltaic with carbon trading income is established based on the power generation model. Thirdly, in order to quantitatively analyze the income of carbon trading, an improved grey prediction GM(1, 1) model based on the differential threshold filtering method is proposed to predict the future carbon price. Finally, an example of large-scale rooftop photovoltaic is analyzed. The results show that large-scale rooftop photovoltaic considering participation in the carbon trading market has a relatively significant economic improvement.

Lithocholic acid (LCA) is a classical secondary bile acid formed by the metabolism of gut microbiota. The TGR5 receptor (also known as G protein-coupled receptor 1, GPBAR1) is an important bile acid membrane receptor that mediates a variety of metabolic processes in vivo. In recent years, most studies have focused on the role of bile acid receptors in the intestine and liver. However, there are few reports on its effect on skeletal muscle regeneration, and the specific mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the mechanism of the TGR5 receptor in the regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration. The results demonstrate that muscle injection with LCA significantly reduces the necrosis rate of injured muscle and improves muscle injury. Moreover, treatment of C2C12 cells with LCA significantly increases AKT/mTOR/FoxO3 phosphorylation through the TGR5 receptor, enhances MyoG transcription and reduces FBXO32 transcription. These findings indicate that LCA can activate the TGR5/AKT signaling pathway, inhibit protein degradation and promote protein synthesis to enhance the myogenic process and promote skeletal muscle regeneration.

The ventilation of fully mechanized roadway in coal mine is easy to cause the rapid diffusion of dust, which makes it more difficult to control dust pollution. In order to improve the working environment of fully mechanized coal mining face, the progress of wet dust control technology such as spray and wet dust collector in fully mechanized coal mining face treatment is summarized, and the development direction of research on dust control technology of fully mechanized coal mining face is expounded. The results show that the current spray dust suppression mainly studies the influence of different working parameters and external media on the atomization characteristics and dust suppression efficiency under the condition of no air flow disturbance; wet dust collector mainly studies the influence of power device and dust removal structure on the performance of air absorption, dust collection and dehydration. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the test and research on the actual impact zone range of nozzles under the influence of air flow return in the fully mechanized roadway, and research and develop the nozzle that is less affected by return air wind resistant nozzles and effectively cover dust sources, develop airborne all-in-one wet dust collectors without nozzles and filters, complete frequency conversion control and linkage operation of wet dust collectors and roadheader, and realize intelligent integrated operation of spray wet dust collectors in fully mechanized mining faces.

Abstract Feed intake control is vital to ensuring optimal nutrition and achieving full potential for growth and development in poultry. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of L-leucine, L-glutamate, L-tryptophan and L-arginine on feed intake and the mRNA expression levels of hypothalamic Neuropeptide involved in feed intake regulation in broiler chicks. Leucine, glutamate, tryptophan or arginine was intra-cerebroventricularly (ICV) administrated to 4d-old broiler chicks respectively and the feed intake were recorded at various time points. Quantitative PCR was performed to determine the hypothalamic mRNA expression levels of Neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti related protein (AgRP), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) and corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF). Our results showed that ICV administration of L-leucine (0.15 or 1.5 μmol) significantly (P P

Abstract Background During malaria infection, multiple pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ, TNF and nitric oxide (NO) play a crucial role in the protection against the parasites. Modulation of host immunity is an important strategy to improve the outcome of malaria infection. Allicin is the major biologically active component of garlic and shows anti-microbial activity. Allicin is also active against protozoan parasites including Plasmodium, which is thought to be mediated by inhibiting cysteine proteases. In this study, the immunomodulatory activities of allicin were assessed during acute malaria infection using a rodent malaria model Plasmodium yoelii 17XL. Methods To determine whether allicin modulates host immune responses against malaria infection, mice were treated with allicin after infection with P. yoelii 17XL. Mortality was checked daily and parasitaemia was determined every other day. Pro-inflammatory mediators and IL-4 were quantified by ELISA, while NO level was determined by the Griess method. The populations of dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, CD4+ T and regulatory T cells (Treg) were assessed by FACS. Results Allicin reduced parasitaemia and prolonged survival of the host in a dose-dependent manner. This effect is at least partially due to improved host immune responses. Results showed that allicin treatment enhanced the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IFN-γ, TNF, IL-12p70 and NO. The absolute numbers of CD4+ T cells, DCs and macrophages were significantly higher in allicin-treated mice. In addition, allicin promoted the maturation of CD11c+ DCs, whereas it did not cause major changes in IL-4 and the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Conclusions Allicin could partially protect host against P. yoelii 17XL through enhancement of the host innate and adaptive immune responses.

Abstract Background Clinical immunity to malaria in human populations is developed after repeated exposure to malaria. Regulation and balance of host immune responses may lead to optimal immunity against malaria parasite infection. Polysaccharides (ABPS) derived from the Chinese herb ox knee Achyranthes bidentata possess immuno-modulatory functions. The aim of this study is to use the rodent malaria model Plasmodium yoelii 17XL (P. y17XL) to examine whether pretreatment with ABPS will modulate host immunity against malaria infection and improve the outcome of the disease. Methods To determine whether ABPS could modulate immunity against malaria, mice were pretreated with ABPS prior to blood-stage infection by P. y17XL. Host survival and parasitaemia were monitored daily. The effect of pretreatment on host immune responses was studied through the quantitation of cytokines, dendritic cell populations, and natural regulatory T cells (Treg). Results Pretreatment with ABPS prior to infection significantly extended the survival time of mice after P. y17XL infection. At three and five days post-infection, ABPS pretreated mice developed stronger Th1 immune responses against malaria infection with the number of F4/80+CD36+ macrophages and levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α and nitric oxide being significantly higher than in the control group. More importantly, ABPS-treated mice developed more myeloid (CD11c+CD11b+) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (CD11c+CD45R+/B220+) than control mice. ABPS pretreatment also resulted in modulated expression of MHC-II, CD86, and especially Toll-like receptor 9 by CD11c+ dendritic cells. In comparison, pretreatment with ABPS did not alter the number of natural Treg or the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Conclusion Pretreatment with the immuno-modulatory ABPS selectively enhanced Th1 immune responses to control the proliferation of malaria parasites, and prolonged the survival of mice during subsequent malaria infection.

Abstract Background Transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs) have been considered an important strategy for disrupting the malaria transmission cycle, especially for Plasmodium vivax malaria, which undergoes gametocytogenesis earlier during infection. Pvs25 and Pvs28 are transmission-blocking vaccine candidates for P. vivax malaria. Assessment of genetic diversity of the vaccine candidates will provide necessary information for predicting the performance of vaccines, which will guide us during the development of malaria vaccines. Results We sequenced the coding regions of pvs25 and pvs28 from 30 P. vivax isolates from Yunnan Province, identifying five amino acid haplotypes of Pvs25 and seven amino acid haplotypes of Pvs28. Among a total of four mutant residues, the predominant haplotype of Pvs25 only had the I130T substitution. For Pvs28, a total of eight amino acid substitutions were identified. The predominant haplotype of Pvs28 had two substitution at positions 52 (M52L) and 140 (T140S) with 5-6 GSGGE/D tandem repeats at the end of fourth EGF-like domain. Most amino acid substitutions were common with previous reports from South Asian isolates. Although the nucleotide diversity of pvs28 (π = 0.0034 ± 0.0012) was significantly higher than pvs25 (π = 0.0013 ± 0.0009), it was still conserved when compared with the blood stage vaccine candidates. Conclusions Genetic analysis revealed limited genetic diversity of pvs25 and pvs28, suggesting antigenic diversity may not be a particular problem for Sal I based TBVs in most P. vivax-endemic areas of China.

For a large number of Higher Education institutions in the UK, the recruitment of international students remains vital for economic, political, cultural and educational benefits. Increasing competition within the international student market has encouraged many Higher Education institutions to pay closer attention to the quality of their educational offer, as well as the expectations and experiences of international students themselves. With an aim to present a more insightful picture of this position, this article examines the 'service quality' of UK Higher Education through the lens of one group of international students at a single Russell Group institution while also engaging the academic perspective in direct comparison. To achieve this, a mixed-methods research study was carried out at a location in the South East of England, with quantitative survey data collected from a convenience sample of 139 Chinese students and 27 academics, with 11 qualitative follow-up interviews. Results show both consistency and inconsistency between participant perceptions and where those consistencies and inconsistencies may exist. The findings suggest caution when assuming, as is currently prevalent in the context of highly marketised UK Higher Education, that 'service quality' of Higher Education can be comprehensively understood and efficiently improved from the student perspective alone.