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15. Lipoprotein‐Associated Phospholipase A 2 Activity Is a Marker of Risk But Not a Useful Target for Treatment in Patients With Stable Coronary Heart Disease

Author

Wallentin, Lars, Held, Claes, Armstrong, Paul W., Cannon, Christopher P., Davies, Richard Y., Granger, Christopher B., Hagström, Emil, Harrington, Robert A., Hochman, Judith S., Koenig, Wolfgang, Krug‐Gourley, Sue, Mohler, Emile R., Siegbahn, Agneta, Tarka, Elizabeth, Steg, Philippe Gabriel, Stewart, Ralph A. H., Weiss, Robert, Östlund, Ollie, White, Harvey D., Budaj, Andrzej, Ardissino, Diego, Avezum, Alvaro, Aylward, Philip E., Bryce, Alfonso, Chen, Hong, Chen, Ming‐Fong, Corbalan, Ramon, Dalby, Anthony J., Danchin, Nicolas, De Winter, Robbert J., Denchev, Stefan, Diaz, Rafael, Elisaf, Moses, Flather, Marcus D., Goudev, Assen R., Grinfeld, Liliana, Husted, Steen, Kim, Hyo‐Soo, Linhart, Ales, Lonn, Eva, López‐Sendón, José, Manolis, Athanasios J., Nicolau, José C., Pais, Prem, Parkhomenko, Alexander, Pedersen, Terje R., Pella, Daniel, Ramos‐Corrales, Marco A., Ruda, Mikhail, Sereg, Mátyás, Siddique, Saulat, Sinnaeve, Peter, Sritara, Piyamitr, Swart, Henk P., Sy, Rody G., Teramoto, Tamio, Tse, Hung‐Fat, Weaver, W. Douglas, Viigimaa, Margus, Vinereanu, Dragos, Zhu, Junren, ACS - Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, and Cardiology

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors, Myocardial Infarction, Coronary Disease, Coronary Artery Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Coronary artery disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, stomatognathic system, Double-Blind Method, Risk Factors, Interquartile range, Darapladib, Internal medicine, Oximes, medicine, Coronary Heart Disease, Humans, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Original Research, Aged, Pharmacology, business.industry, Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, lipoprotein, Hazard ratio, respiratory system, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Treatment, STABILITY Investigators, inflammation, Benzaldehydes, Heart failure, 1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase, Cardiology, Female, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), atherosclerosis, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Biomarkers
Abstract

Background We evaluated lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A 2 (Lp‐ PLA 2 ) activity in patients with stable coronary heart disease before and during treatment with darapladib, a selective Lp‐ PLA 2 inhibitor, in relation to outcomes and the effects of darapladib in the STABILITY trial. Methods and Results Plasma Lp‐ PLA 2 activity was determined at baseline (n=14 500); at 1 month (n=13 709); serially (n=100) at 3, 6, and 18 months; and at the end of treatment. Adjusted Cox regression models evaluated associations between Lp‐ PLA 2 activity levels and outcomes. At baseline, the median Lp‐ PLA 2 level was 172.4 μmol/min per liter (interquartile range 143.1–204.2 μmol/min per liter). Comparing the highest and lowest Lp‐ PLA 2 quartile groups, the hazard ratios were 1.50 (95% CI 1.23–1.82) for the primary composite end point (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke), 1.95 (95% CI 1.29–2.93) for hospitalization for heart failure, 1.42 (1.07–1.89) for cardiovascular death, and 1.37 (1.03–1.81) for myocardial infarction after adjustment for baseline characteristics, standard laboratory variables, and other prognostic biomarkers. Treatment with darapladib led to a ≈65% persistent reduction in median Lp‐ PLA 2 activity. There were no associations between on‐treatment Lp‐ PLA 2 activity or changes of Lp‐ PLA 2 activity and outcomes, and there were no significant interactions between baseline and on‐treatment Lp‐ PLA 2 activity or changes in Lp‐ PLA 2 activity levels and the effects of darapladib on outcomes. Conclusions Although high Lp‐ PLA 2 activity was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events, pharmacological lowering of Lp‐ PLA 2 activity by ≈65% did not significantly reduce cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary heart disease, regardless of the baseline level or the magnitude of change of Lp‐ PLA 2 activity. Clinical Trial Registration URL : https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT 00799903.

Published
2016

16. Efficacy and Safety of Nifedipine GITS in Asians with Hypertension

Author

Gao Run-lin, Zhang Tingjie, Liu Guozhang, Zhang Weizhong, Sun Ningling, Zhu Junren, and Harald Landen

Subjects
Male, China, medicine.medical_specialty, Nifedipine, Diastole, Postmarketing surveillance, Blood Pressure, Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy, Asian People, Internal medicine, Product Surveillance, Postmarketing, Humans, Outpatient clinic, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Adverse effect, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Calcium Channel Blockers, Nifedipine gits, Tolerability, Hypertension, Female, business
Abstract

Objective: This post-marketing surveillance study assessed the efficacy, safety and tolerability of treatment with nifedipine GITS (gastrointestinal therapeutic system) in hypertensive patients with different risk profiles under normal daily practice conditions in China. Methods: A total of 7395 patients were included in 564 outpatient clinics. Patients received 30mg or 60mg of nifedipine GITS, which could be up- and down-titrated if necessary. Efficacy, safety and tolerability data were collected at up to three follow-up visits. Patient documentation was completed using standardised and barcoded case report forms. Descriptive and explorative analyses of the data were performed. Results: At endpoint, 93% of patients were receiving 30mg of nifedipine GITS and 7% were taking 60mg of nifedipine GITS. The mean observation period was 9 ± 7 weeks. At endpoint, the mean BP reduction was 27.7/14.8mm Hg; 43% of patients had a systolic BP

Published
2007

17. Prasugrel versus clopidogrel for acute coronary syndromes without revascularization

Author

L. Wang, T. Stys, William E. Boden, R. H. Urbano, D. M. Olinic, Karen S. Pieper, A. Kuijper, E. Soh, J. Nicolau, Jadwiga Nessler, William J. Rogers, Ernesto Rivera, R. Braam, H. Kadr, J. Csikasz, B. Boichev, Prafulla Kerkar, I. Kraiz, R. Babu, Ali Aydinlar, D. Safley, O. Nguyen-Khac, P. Chua, W. Buchanan, C. A. Morales, A. Abyankar, A. Srinivas, S. Genth-Zotz, J. Rocha Faria Neto, D. Drenning, L. Moretti, S. Varma, D. Roth, C. Matei, Jane E. Onken, H. Tumbev, P. Keeling, Xian Li, N. Ciglenecki, Shahyar M. Gharacholou, P. P. Goh, D. Sporn, M. Chang, Marcin Gruchała, R. Foreman, Bogdan Minescu, S. Nawaz, N. Alexeeva, Y. Shalev, C. Fastabend, L. van Zyl, J. F. Certic, J. Longo, J. Wang, K. Dave, Olivier Morel, F. Maatouk, Y. El Rakshy, J. Giacomini, P. Lazov, R. Marino, Dimitar Raev, M. Y. Chan, L. Z. Dextre, Y. Hao, P. Sepulveda, K. Ramshev, C. Bayron, Ameer Kabour, Alon Marmor, Luciano Moreira Baracioli, H. Marais, Rajendra H. Mehta, R. Breedveld, A. Ben Khalfallah, Kurtulus Ozdemir, I. Westendorp, J. A. Quion, Daniel J. George, D. F. Garcia, J.-P Bassand, G. Szalai, Huw Griffiths, O. Ushakov, M. Tzekova, E. Suprun, A. Mowafy, N. El Mansour, Gail V.W. Johnson, Tereshchenko Sn, W. T. Lai, Petr Widimsky, Hany Ragy, V. R. Castillo, M. Padour, Gilles Montalescot, Louie Tirador, Deepak L. Bhatt, M. Marrinan, S. Promisloff, A. Nambiar, Reginald G.E.J. Groutars, S. R. Lee, J. Cabrera, S. Zhang, András Jánosi, K. Wita, R. Sciborski, Annabelle Rodriguez, P. Sedlon, Jaroslaw D. Kasprzak, A. Faynyk, A. Romero Acuña, M. C. Ramirez, Rakesh Gupta, R. Saligrama, Jacek Gniot, Y. Ke, John H. Alexander, X. Liu, E. Baranov, R. Grzywna, Mukul Sharma, A. Linka, Jarosław Wójcik, Haroon Rashid, M. S. Sanchez, M. Gadkari, B. Rao, James S. Zebrack, Paul W. Armstrong, Francois Schiele, Gracita O. Topacio, Peter J. Casterella, A. Belhassane, P. Golino, F. Plat, P. Roberts-Thomson, K. S. Kim, Stephen D. Wiviott, Mathew T. Roe, Y. D. Chen, I. A. Khan, S. Thanvi, S. Isserman, G. Falck, R. M. Coching, S. C. Stamate, M. Ogorek, K. Danisa, Poul Anders Hansen, M. Medvegy, Amos Katz, R. K. Seerangachar, B. Farah, V. Kale, B. Kusnick, Maurice Pye, M. Mosseri, M. Vatutin, D. Weinstein, Norma Keller, A. Mihov, Ewa Mirek-Bryniarska, N. Adjei, S. Sethi, A. Irimpen, M. Broeders, T. Huynh, K. Niezgoda, P. Samardzic, D. Ziperman, Stuart J. Pocock, T. Arad, J. Lewczuk, M. Amuchastegui, R. Moscoso, B. Dimov, W. A. Ahmad, E. Dalli, P. Laothavorn, S. Shaikh, Helmut U. Klein, J. Menon, H. Colombo, L. Fattore, G. Zarrella, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, N. Viboolkitvarakul, Judith D. Goldberg, Neetika Garg, Y. Hasin, F. Rossi Dos Santos, S. J. Vigo, L. Horbach, O. Prokhorov, H. Moellmann, T. R. Vera, C. E. Botta, Domitilla Russo, M. Rossovskaya, David C. Henderson, Rebecca B. Costello, V. Shcherbak, C. J.P.J. Werter, W. Kus, I. Dobre, P. Marechal, T. Nair, H. Nielsen, J. Waites, J. B. Moraes Junior, T. Römer, J. Senior, P. Ionescu, S. Kalashetti, R. N. Ortega, Gail E. Hafley, G. A. Dan, Apur R. Kamdar, Ruth Ann Greenfield, David F. Kong, J. Bergallo, O. Barnum, Antonis S. Manolis, Sumeet Subherwal, S. Schaefer, A. Figueredo, Habib Gamra, S. Bandyopadhyay, V. Miloradovic, Imran Arif, Peter R. Carroll, M. Demirtas, S. Guidera, G. Rogelio, Naseem Jaffrani, N. Mulvihill, Marvin J. Slepian, Darren K. McGuire, Rohit Kalra, Luís A. Providência, F. Van de Werf, Andras Vertes, J. Xu, C. F. Gamio, R. G. Xuereb, R. F. Ramos, E. Kis, N. Bustros, M. De Luca, S. Zhurba, T. Connelly, S. Singhi, F. Gredler, Serdar Kucukoglu, Francesco Fedele, C. Chavez, Christoph Kadel, Antônio Carlos Sobral Sousa, S. Srimahachota, Igor Kaidashev, J. H. Garcia, I. Teodorescu, Birute Petrauskiene, O. Kracoff, Liwa T. Younis, Alain Bouchard, P. Osmancik, Y. Sun, C. Hammett, S. Sabri, William Wallace, Mehmet Yazici, L. Ermoshkina, Harish Chandna, G. Ramos-Lopez, M. Bronisz, Sergio Luiz Zimmermann, Giuseppe Ambrosio, V. Hergeldjieva, César A. Jardim, A. Rifai, H. Lui, A. Lee, J. Scholz Issa, A. Blenkhorn, P. Micale, V. Barbarich, C. Maccallum, Peter J. Grant, G. Topacio, N. Budassi, J. Yan, Keith A.A. Fox, Y. Xia, Jan H. Cornel, A. Rafael, Paul Hermany, S. Potthoff, Mohsin A.F. Khan, Pierre Coste, Neal Ready, N. T. Duda, M. Reyes, A. Chandran, I. G. Gordeev, Anne W. Beaven, B. J.B. Hamer, C. Treasure, Pravin Manga, M. R. Babarskiene, T. Devedzhiev, Alberto Menozzi, L. Lenarz, N. Llerena, Thomas F. Lüscher, Giovânio Vieira da Silva, Y. Malynovsky, L. Ramanathan, M. Belicova, M. O. Ibarra, D. Chew, R. Castillo, M. Kesselbrenner, A. H. Li, E. Baldjiev, M. El-Harari, S. H. Hur, S. Chiaramida, C. E. Chiang, Viliam Fridrich, L. R. Cartasegna, A. Yagensky, Steven E. Hearne, Gregory Pavlides, Witold Rużyłło, Y. Chandrashekhar, S. Welka, H. Petijean, Jose L. Leiva-Pons, Shaul Atar, Andrzej Lubiński, S. Zhao, János Tomcsányi, Narinder Singh, D. Banker, T. Boyek, H. Ebinc, N. Calambur, A. Mouhaffel, M. Creteanu, H. Huang, J. O. Jeong, E. Goudreau, D. Alexopoulos, E. Duronto, S. Car, O. Bashkirtsev, J. Mandak, V. Papademetriou, David O. Williams, Oscar Pereira Dutra, R. Baman, T. J. Hong, J. O. Ibañez, D. L. Gomez, R. K. Jain, R. Jozwa, L. Di Lorenzo, Matthew Wilson, Christian W. Hamm, A. Buakhamsri, Nikitas Moschos, Ashok Kumar, A. Kadiiski, C. Y. Lee, M. Opazo, J. Tang, E. Ferrari, P. Colon-Hernandez, Jean-Pierre Déry, B. Goloborodko, L. Gimple, Diego Ardissino, M. Bergovec, S. Thew, Dariusz Dudek, K. Tang, P. A.G. Zwart, A. Deshpande, S. Sathe, Yves Cottin, V. Pai, O. Koval, J. Lesnik, Pavan S. Reddy, A. Espinoza, Rungroj Krittayaphong, Carisi Anne Polanczyk, E. Kukuy, L. Tejada, J. Nobel, Renato D. Lopes, J. Bagatin, A. Manolova, E. Boudriot, A. Godoy, N. Perepech, Christopher D. Olympios, A. E. Guimarães, James Harris, Aref Rahman, D. Foley, H. J. Kruik, J. Bruguera I Cortada, I. Fotiadis, A. Bharani, Petar Otasevic, Eileen Brown, N. Gratsiansky, J. E. Poulard, Vladimir Gašparović, Habib Haouala, A. de Belder, J. Schmedtje, Lilia Nigro Maia, J. Cobos, Werner Benzer, E. Korban, A. U. Quraishi, X. Hong, A. Bazzi, P. Kotha, L. Gubolino, H. Ingersoll, Debra Marshall, Udo Sechtem, Sandipan Dutta, G. Frago, Anthony Mathur, Shaun G. Goodman, William Bachinsky, A. Hamer, Jaime Gomez, Patrizio Lancellotti, Vance Wilson, L. White, P.P. Mohanan, Aleksandar Knezevic, Sorin J. Brener, Susanna R. Stevens, H. Luquez, S. K. Lee, P. E. Leaes, P. Benjarge, T. Tu, Z. Coufal, N. Koliopoulos, Mahmut Şahin, X. Huang, S. Boldueva, J. De Souza, N. Chidambaram, S. Zolyomi, K. G. Shyu, H. Montecinos, A. Piombo, Wladmir Faustino Saporito, R. L. Kulkarni, I. Szakal, G. Arminio, M. Elbaz, Samir Pancholy, Jang Ho Bae, Giuseppe Musumeci, S. B. Zouari, A. Chois, D. Wojciechowski, A. Bakbak, E. Bozkurt, Kenneth J. Winters, R. Raugaliene, D. Sarkar, J. M. Alegret, Hubertus Heuer, E. Bobescu, E. Roncallo, R. Carlsson, R. Craig McLendon, L K Newby, K. Zrazhevskiy, João Pedro Ferreira, A. Haidar, D. Tellez, Robert Olszewski, Shmuel Gottlieb, H. Jure, A. Garcia Escudero, S. Sengupta, V. Ochean, W. Kostuk, G. Range, F. Leroy, G. Parale, R. Fernandez, M. Fulwani, M. Padovan, Y. Dovgalevskiy, Kreton Mavromatis, H. Hart, Y. G. Ko, F. Seixo, V. Bisne, J. McGarvey, Kimberly L. Blackwell, John H. Strickler, Sanjay Kumar, A. Bordonava, L. Egorova, C. Patocchi, A. Karczmarczyk, Chiara Melloni, Piyamitr Sritara, M. Anastasiou-Nana, Roman Szełemej, K. Penchev, D. Morales, M. Tokmakova, Krzysztof Zmudka, Rakesh Yadav, E. Bressollette, D. Nul, A. L. Astesiano, M. Urban, Abdulhay Albirini, C. T. Chin, F. Moulin, I. M. Coman, R. Watkin, J. Abanilla, J. Brønnum-Schou, J. Anusauskiene, P. Andrade Lotufo, Joseph G. Rogers, M. Bessen, P. C. Sartori, Paulo Roberto Ferreira Rossi, K. Atassi, H. V. Anderson, B. Klugherz, Bateshwar Prasad Singh, Mirza S. Baig, Z. Yusof, J. H. Geertman, A. Labroo, P. Nash, Freek W.A. Verheugt, Nancy J. Brown, M. A. Alcocer, A. Neskovic, L. Francek, Judith S. Hochman, A. Hoffmann, R. Dran, A. Podczeck-Schweighofer, Jeffry Katz, Josh Roberts, Roger E. McLendon, Ronald Rodriguez, T. Downes, A. Roth, L. E. Mayorga, Armagan Altun, José-Luis López-Sendón, M. Krotin, N. van der Merwe, O. Gigliotti, C. Park, G. Brigden, M. Kumbla, D. C G Basart, D. Erdogan, R. van Kranen, J. Beloscar, Johny Joseph, Pierluigi Tricoci, J. Marino, N. Mahon, S. Dani, I. Kovalskyy, Ioannis Nanas, V. Volkov, M. I. Edmilao, J. Kruells-Muench, F. Alamgir, R. Rinaldi, W. E. Mogrovejo, J. Mirat, C. Staniloae, S. Borromeo, H. Kozman, H. Zhang, Y. Zhou, S. Shurmur, A. Manari, M. A. Barrera, A. Vasylenko, D. Keedy, Paul A. Gurbel, Ali Oto, Charles R. Lambert, V. G. Ribeiro, A. Quintero, H. Joshi, L. Tang, J. Allan, C. S. Díaz, F. Carvalho Neuenschwander, Mircea Cintezǎ, M. Kokles, G. Piovaccari, Z. Kovacs, W. Li, C. Beauloye, E. J. Ramos, D. Bertolim Precoma, J. Burstein, G. Covelli, E. C. Zambrano, Assen Goudev, A. Tang, F. Henriquez, S. Tangsuntornwiwat, C. Kirma, GR Aycock, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, M. Ardnt, Jose C. Nicolau, O. Barbarash, E. K. Shin, P. Potapenko, T. Supryadkina, Asok Venkataraman, W. Mogrovejo, M. Acikel, R. Bohorquez, M. Syvänne, M. Chan, H. Mardikar, H. Berlin, O. Quintana, K. Heintz, J. M. Bastos, Guillermo Llamas Esperon, G. Aroney, J. Chen, Nancy H. Collins, C. Ahsan, G. Heins, F. Baer, V. Kondle, Nicholas Danchin, G. Shetty, Sergio Berti, Philip E. Aylward, James Cotton, G. S. Vallejo, Massimo Volpe, Z. Vasiljevic-Pokrajcic, C. Bugueño, Seung Woon Rha, S. Ilic, G. E. Stanciulescu, Z. Li, D. Nassiacos, R. Sciberras, S. Kuanprasert, Denilson Campos de Albuquerque, M. Pavlovic, Craig S. Barr, Mohammed R. Essop, John G. Canto, David T. Roberts, M. Ozdemir, Jacquelyn Miller, T. K. Ong, Sian E. Harding, V. Bose, J. Yoon, R. Syan, M. A. Paz, O. Maskon, Dennis V. Cokkinos, L. Kraus, Z. Masud, K. Amosova, M. Boyarkin, L. Mos, Dmitry Zamoryakhin, Arif Anis Khan, Jeffrey A. Breall, A. Gallino, Ivo Petrov, F. A. Alves da Cost, Saul Vizel, Hugo Vargas Filho, P. Kaewsuwanna, G. Antonelli, Chuen Den Tseng, I. Vakaliuk, J. Miklin, A. El Hawary, Ashok Jacob, D. Gumm, Kurt Huber, G. Pajes, N. Jathappa, Stanislaw Bartus, P. V. Lavhe, C. Romero, J. Balkin, T. Gould, R. Durgaprasad, Felipe Martinez, Henning Ebelt, A. Puri, D. K. Agarwal, E. E. Buyukoner, R. Mora Junior, P. Poliacik, A. Dande, X. Zhao, J. Floro, A. Bagriy, Yuliya Lokhnygina, M. Atieh, V. Batushkin, Valentin Markov, O. Karpenko, Peter Clemmensen, P. Castro, L. Paloscia, F. Florenzano, J. L. Accini, Tony Schibler, J. Arneja, W. Wu, B. Andruszkiewicz, Michael A. Morse, P. Vojtisek, D. Sadler, S. Frischwasser, M. Cayli, W N Leimbach, E. Flores, B. Wang, A Sosa Liprandi, Y. Michalaros, H. C. Finimundi, Raul D. Santos, N. Vijay, E. Magnus Ohman, Y. Karpenko, J. Sirotiakova, Z. Shogenov, D A Zateyshchikov, Eric P. Viergever, R. Bach, Gary S. Niess, D. C. Acosta, G. Piegari, J. B. Gupta, J. Shanes, E. Ronner, J. Arter, Claudio Cavallini, M. A. Hominal, V. Bugan, S. D. Varini, K. Nyman, B. G. Castillo, Sinan Aydoğdu, N. Novikova, D. Wang, P. Simpson, Y. Huang, Taral Patel, Gabriel Tatu-Chitoiu, D. Silva Junior, H. Theron, C. Alvarez, Anikó Ilona Nagy, T. Chua, P. Georgiev, D. Rittoo, G. De Luca, R. Blonder, Alberto Caccavo, D. Koganti, E. Manenti, N. Ghaisas, G. Letcher, D. Platogiannis, Arshed A. Quyyumi, J. Dy, Z. Ples, W. Kunz Sebba Barroso de Souza, Hamid Taheri, S. Kammoun, A. Salvioni, B. Stockins, K. Sutalo, J. C. Post, Merih Kutlu, Vijay K. Chopra, C. Mathis, Stephen M. Schwartz, Manish Jain, D. Coisne, A. Goudev, A. Dalby, João Morais, P. van Kalmthout, Andrzej Budaj, I. Dotani, L. Mircoli, R. Vicari, J. P. Herrman, M. Moran, G. Lupkovics, Alexander Parkhomenko, J. Heath, Andrew Moriarty, C. Pop, J. Y. Hwang, S. Kassam, R. Martingano, I. Nikolskaya, Z. Zheng, Johann S. de Bono, M. Izzo, R. Labonte, E. H. Forte, W. Moleerergpoom, Piera Angelica Merlini, D. Lee, W. Macias, G. Syan, S. Zhou, S. W. Kim, T. Duris, E. Shaoulian, Andreas U. Wali, Marco Antonio Mota Gomes, Pritibha Singh, M. Ovize, M. Del Core, W. Bowden, B. Xu, Ravi Bhagwat, C. Wongvipaporn, J. Vojacek, Steven Lindsay, F. McGrew, J. Gorny, J. D. Pappas, R. Vuyyuru, J. Chahin, Ashraf Reda, T. Lau, E. Conn, J. Meisner, S. Meymandi, A. D. Hrabar, M. Slanina, D. Jarasuniene, C. Lang, A. Vo, Christian Hamm, H. Gogia, Z. Yuan, T. Mathew, A. Van Dorpe, J. Kettner, M. Barbiero, Harvey D. White, L. Rudenko, V. Jain, M. Carter, David Erlinge, G. Ma, V. Sierkova, D. K. Kim, Steven O. Smith, R. K. Premchand, P. Jetty, J. Y. Hou, V. Simanenkov, T. Kaelsch, David P. Foley, A. Francis, Piotr Ponikowski, Ramón Corbalán, D. Connolly, J. Tuma, R. Zambahari, Miodrag Ostojic, R. Lamich, A. Rabelo Alves, V. Tseluyko, G. Moises Azize, L. Khaisheva, G. Pencheva, C. Ingram, J. Cooke, A. Prado, M. De Tollenaere, M. Kim, Alan Rees, Melanie B. Turner, Mark B. Abelson, H. L. Luciardi, L. Illyes, R. Sarma, L. Manriquez, J. A. Marin Neto, D. Iordachescu-Petica, G. Hoedemaker, Victor S. Gurevich, F. Ridocci, J. Grman, F. Waxman, Jorge F. Saucedo, E. Boughzala, B. S. Jagadesa, Heba Abdullah, A. Weiss, N. Bichan, L. Tami, Y. Bouzid, N. I. Gomez, Zafar Sy, Béla Merkely, J. P. Albisu, L. Rodriguez-Ospina, John C. Chambers, L. L. Lobo Marquez, R. Guan, Steven Georgeson, M. K. Sarna, L. Nogueira Liberato de Sousa, Mika Laine, P. Pimentel Filho, Teresa Kawka-Urbanek, G P Arutyunov, S. Elhadad, A. Dambrauskaite, R. Leon de la Fuente, Audes D. M. Feitosa, P. Baetslé, Abraham Al Ahmad, José Francisco Kerr Saraiva, Roland P.T. Troquay, J. Berlingieri, Margaret Arstall, J. L. Coronado, K. Yang, S. V. Shalaev, Bernard J. Gersh, A. El-Etreby, Elżbieta Zinka, F. De Valais, John E.A. Blair, P. Fajardo, M. Rodriguez, R. Boujnah, H. Hammerman, Y. S. Chong, Stigi Joseph, M. H. Jeong, J. Ge, Q. He, Robert S Iwaoka, Bimal R. Shah, J. Sawhney, T. Sakulsaengprapha, G. Werner, Jill Anderson, M. Hondl, Meinrad Gawaz, Gilmar Reis, M. Dalkowski, Tomáš Janota, M. Damiao Gomes Seabra, A. Dharmadhikari, Aleš Linhart, John Elliott, Kodangudi B. Ramanathan, Doron Zahger, Dilek Ural, L. Regos, F. R. Bolohan, Marcello Galvani, B. Zakhary, N. Qureshi, D. Deac, Maria Emília Figueiredo Teixeira, T. Venter, Santosh Gupta, W. Wright, P. Telekes, A. Furber, V. Nykonov, Zhu Junren, M. Cinteza, I. Lang, S. Junejo, D. Martins, Mauro Esteves Hernandes, G. Ishmurzin, Anthony J. Dalby, R. Scioli, P. Babu, R. Habaluyas, V. Mendoza, G. B. Scaro, Matthew T. Roe, M. Senaratne, D. J. van der Heijden, T. Pillay, Yoav Turgeman, J. Moreira, C. Cuccia, C. Astarita, S. De Servi, Robert G. Wilcox, M. C. Constantinescu, Kardiyoloji, Roe Matthew, T., Armstrong Paul, W., Fox Keith, A. A., White Harvey, D., Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Goodman Shaun, G., Cornel Jan, H., Bhatt Deepak, L., Clemmensen, Peter, Martinez, Felipe, Ardissino, Diego, Nicolau Jose, C., Boden William, E., Gurbel Paul, A., Ruzyllo, Witold, Dalby Anthony, J., McGuire Darren, K., Leiva Pons Jose, L., Parkhomenko, Alexander, Gottlieb, Shmuel, Topacio Gracita, O., Hamm, Christian, Pavlides, Gregory, Goudev Assen, R., Oto, Ali, Tseng Chuen, Den, Merkely, Bela, Gasparovic, Vladimir, Corbalan, Ramon, Cinteza, Mircea, McLendon R., Craig, Winters Kenneth, J., Brown Eileen, B., Lokhnygina, Yuliya, Aylward Philip, E., Huber, Kurt, Hochman Judith, S., Ohman E., Magnu, and Golino, Paolo

Subjects
Male, Prasugrel, Myocardial Infarction, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Piperazines, Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists, Myocardial infarction, education.field_of_study, Cardiovascular diseases [NCEBP 14], Acute Coronary Syndrome, Aged, Angina, Unstable, Aspirin, Cardiovascular Diseases, Double-Blind Method, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Middle Aged, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors, Prasugrel Hydrochloride, Stroke, Thiophenes, Ticlopidine, Medicine (all), Hazard ratio, Clopidogrel, Acute Coronary Syndromes, General Medicine, Angina, Combination, Cardiology, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Acute coronary syndrome, Population, Unstable, Drug Therapy, General & Internal Medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, cardiovascular diseases, education, Acute coronary syndromes, Revascularisation, Unstable angina, business.industry, medicine.disease, REVASCULARIZAÇÃO MIOCÁRDICA, business
Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext BACKGROUND: The effect of intensified platelet inhibition for patients with unstable angina or myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation who do not undergo revascularization has not been delineated. METHODS: In this double-blind, randomized trial, in a primary analysis involving 7243 patients under the age of 75 years receiving aspirin, we evaluated up to 30 months of treatment with prasugrel (10 mg daily) versus clopidogrel (75 mg daily). In a secondary analysis involving 2083 patients 75 years of age or older, we evaluated 5 mg of prasugrel versus 75 mg of clopidogrel. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 17 months, the primary end point of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or stroke among patients under the age of 75 years occurred in 13.9% of the prasugrel group and 16.0% of the clopidogrel group (hazard ratio in the prasugrel group, 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79 to 1.05; P=0.21). Similar results were observed in the overall population. The prespecified analysis of multiple recurrent ischemic events (all components of the primary end point) suggested a lower risk for prasugrel among patients under the age of 75 years (hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.00; P=0.04). Rates of severe and intracranial bleeding were similar in the two groups in all age groups. There was no significant between-group difference in the frequency of nonhemorrhagic serious adverse events, except for a higher frequency of heart failure in the clopidogrel group. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with unstable angina or myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation, prasugrel did not significantly reduce the frequency of the primary end point, as compared with clopidogrel, and similar risks of bleeding were observed. (Funded by Eli Lilly and Daiichi Sankyo; TRILOGY ACS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00699998.).

Published
2012

18. Application of Prickly Ash Seed Cust Oil on the Preparation of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester by Lipase Catalysis

Author

Yin Zhongyi, Zhu JunRen, Li Qiang, and Zheng Xu-xu

Subjects
biology, Chemistry, Catalysis, Solvent, chemistry.chemical_compound, Volume (thermodynamics), Biofuel, biology.protein, Organic chemistry, Methanol, Lipase, Water content, Fatty acid methyl ester, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

In this research, results of an experimental study of prickly ash seed cust oil on the preparation of fatty acid methyl ester by lipase catalysis were presented. Factors such as n-hexane, the FAME rate, water concentration, volume of lipase, et al were studied. The experiment results showed that n-hexane is most suitable solvent in the non-aqueous lipase catalytic system and the FAME rate reach the optimum when n-hexane concentration is 15%(w/w), water play an important role in the system and 10% is optimal concentration, When amount of lipase was 25%(w/w), n-hexane concentration was 15%(w/w), water content was 10% (w/w), methanol: oil was 3:1, the conversion rate was as high as 82.5% with pre refined oil and the conversation rate reach 93.5% after refine the oil at optimum experimental condition.

Published
2011

24. Robust embedded control for N-L robot manipulators with dynamic uncertainties

Author

W. Wei, Zhu Junren, Jiang Jing Ping, Zhu Jing, Zhou Pixuan, and Jin Yaochu

Subjects
Adaptive control, Automatic control, Computer science, Control theory, Trajectory, Control engineering, Robust control, Optimal control, Linear-quadratic-Gaussian control, Sliding mode control
Abstract

The use of a robust control strategy for continuous path control of robot manipulators to track a desired trajectory is presented. In the system, large parameter uncertainties, such as joint friction and unknown payload, are considered. Specifically, the complex nonlinear dynamic equations are linearized, and an optimal controller for solving the robust control problem is developed by minimizing a generalized cost index. Typical simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the robust control schemes. >

Published
2003

25. e0352 Efficacy and safety of aliskiren in chinese patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension

Author

Sun Ningling and Zhu Junren

Subjects
Ramipril, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Treatment duration, Urology, Sitting diastolic blood pressure, Aliskiren, Placebo, Essential hypertension, medicine.disease, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Mean blood pressure, Aliskiren 300 MG, chemistry, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

To assess the antihypertensive efficacy and safety of aliskiren compared with ramipril in Chinese patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension. Methods This is a double-blind randomised, multicenter, parallel group, active-controlled study. Following washout and single-blind placebo run-in period, 1147 patients with essential hypertension (mean sitting diastolic blood pressure [msDBP] ≥95 and 110 mm Hg) were randomised to receive either aliskiren 300 mg (n=288), 150 mg (n=284), 75mg (n=289) or ramipril 5 mg (n=286) for 8 weeks. Efficacy and safety were assessed at Week 2, 4 and 8 in treatment duration. Results 994 (86.7%) completed the study. At week 8, aliskiren therapy produced greater mean blood pressure reductions compared with ramipril therapy. All aliskiren dose groups were statistically non-inferior (p Conclusion Aliskiren was well tolerated, and superior or non-inferior to ramipril in lowering BP in Chinese patients with essential hypertension.

Published
2010

34. Shanghai trial of nifedipine in the elderly

Author

Gong, Lansheng, primary, Zhang, Weizhong, additional, Zhu, Yijun, additional, Zhu, Junren, additional, kong, Dewen, additional, Pag??, V??ronique, additional, Ghadirian, Parviz, additional, LeLorier, Jacques, additional, and Hamet, Pavel, additional

Published
1996
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35. Lipoprotein‐Associated Phospholipase A2 Activity Is a Marker of Risk But Not a Useful Target for Treatment in Patients With Stable Coronary Heart Disease

Author

Wallentin, Lars, Held, Claes, Armstrong, Paul W., Cannon, Christopher P., Davies, Richard Y., Granger, Christopher B., Hagström, Emil, Harrington, Robert A., Hochman, Judith S., Koenig, Wolfgang, Krug‐Gourley, Sue, Mohler, Emile R., Siegbahn, Agneta, Tarka, Elizabeth, Steg, Philippe Gabriel, Stewart, Ralph A. H., Weiss, Robert, Östlund, Ollie, White, Harvey D., Budaj, Andrzej, Ardissino, Diego, Avezum, Alvaro, Aylward, Philip E., Bryce, Alfonso, Chen, Hong, Chen, Ming‐Fong, Corbalan, Ramon, Dalby, Anthony J., Danchin, Nicolas, De Winter, Robbert J., Denchev, Stefan, Diaz, Rafael, Elisaf, Moses, Flather, Marcus D., Goudev, Assen R., Grinfeld, Liliana, Husted, Steen, Kim, Hyo‐Soo, Linhart, Ales, Lonn, Eva, López‐Sendón, José, Manolis, Athanasios J., Nicolau, José C., Pais, Prem, Parkhomenko, Alexander, Pedersen, Terje R., Pella, Daniel, Ramos‐Corrales, Marco A., Ruda, Mikhail, Sereg, Mátyás, Siddique, Saulat, Sinnaeve, Peter, Sritara, Piyamitr, Swart, Henk P., Sy, Rody G., Teramoto, Tamio, Tse, Hung‐Fat, Weaver, W. Douglas, Viigimaa, Margus, Vinereanu, Dragos, and Zhu, Junren

Subjects
atherosclerosis, coronary disease, inflammation, lipoprotein, myocardial infarction, Biomarkers, Coronary Artery Disease, Pharmacology, Treatment, Risk Factors
Abstract

Background: We evaluated lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA 2) activity in patients with stable coronary heart disease before and during treatment with darapladib, a selective Lp‐PLA 2 inhibitor, in relation to outcomes and the effects of darapladib in the STABILITY trial. Methods and Results: Plasma Lp‐PLA 2 activity was determined at baseline (n=14 500); at 1 month (n=13 709); serially (n=100) at 3, 6, and 18 months; and at the end of treatment. Adjusted Cox regression models evaluated associations between Lp‐PLA 2 activity levels and outcomes. At baseline, the median Lp‐PLA 2 level was 172.4 μmol/min per liter (interquartile range 143.1–204.2 μmol/min per liter). Comparing the highest and lowest Lp‐PLA 2 quartile groups, the hazard ratios were 1.50 (95% CI 1.23–1.82) for the primary composite end point (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke), 1.95 (95% CI 1.29–2.93) for hospitalization for heart failure, 1.42 (1.07–1.89) for cardiovascular death, and 1.37 (1.03–1.81) for myocardial infarction after adjustment for baseline characteristics, standard laboratory variables, and other prognostic biomarkers. Treatment with darapladib led to a ≈65% persistent reduction in median Lp‐PLA 2 activity. There were no associations between on‐treatment Lp‐PLA 2 activity or changes of Lp‐PLA 2 activity and outcomes, and there were no significant interactions between baseline and on‐treatment Lp‐PLA 2 activity or changes in Lp‐PLA 2 activity levels and the effects of darapladib on outcomes. Conclusions: Although high Lp‐PLA 2 activity was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events, pharmacological lowering of Lp‐PLA 2 activity by ≈65% did not significantly reduce cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary heart disease, regardless of the baseline level or the magnitude of change of Lp‐PLA 2 activity. Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00799903.

Published
2016
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36. Residual macrovascular risk in 2013: what have we learned?

Author

Fruchart, Jean-Charles, Davignon, Jean, Hermans, Michel P, Al-Rubeaan, Khalid, Amarenco, Pierre, Assmann, Gerd, Barter, Philip, Betteridge, John, Bruckert, Eric, Cuevas, Ada, Farnier, Michel, Ferrannini, Ele, Fioretto, Paola, Genest, Jacques, Ginsberg, Henry N, Gotto, Antonio M, Hu, Dayi, Kadowaki, Takashi, Kodama, Tatsuhiko, Krempf, Michel, Matsuzawa, Yuji, Núñez-Cortés, Jesús Millán, Monfil, Carlos Calvo, Ogawa, Hisao, Plutzky, Jorge, Rader, Daniel J, Sadikot, Shaukat, Santos, Raul D, Shlyakhto, Evgeny, Sritara, Piyamitr, Sy, Rody, Tall, Alan, Tan, Chee Eng, Tokgözoğlu, Lale, Toth, Peter P, Valensi, Paul, Wanner, Christoph, Zambon, Alberto, Zhu, Junren, and Zimmet, Paul

Subjects
Residual cardiovascular risk, Atherogenic dyslipidaemia, Type 2 diabetes, Therapeutic options
Abstract

Cardiovascular disease poses a major challenge for the 21st century, exacerbated by the pandemics of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. While best standards of care, including high-dose statins, can ameliorate the risk of vascular complications, patients remain at high risk of cardiovascular events. The Residual Risk Reduction Initiative (R3i) has previously highlighted atherogenic dyslipidaemia, defined as the imbalance between proatherogenic triglyceride-rich apolipoprotein B-containing-lipoproteins and antiatherogenic apolipoprotein A-I-lipoproteins (as in high-density lipoprotein, HDL), as an important modifiable contributor to lipid-related residual cardiovascular risk, especially in insulin-resistant conditions. As part of its mission to improve awareness and clinical management of atherogenic dyslipidaemia, the R3i has identified three key priorities for action: i) to improve recognition of atherogenic dyslipidaemia in patients at high cardiometabolic risk with or without diabetes; ii) to improve implementation and adherence to guideline-based therapies; and iii) to improve therapeutic strategies for managing atherogenic dyslipidaemia. The R3i believes that monitoring of non-HDL cholesterol provides a simple, practical tool for treatment decisions regarding the management of lipid-related residual cardiovascular risk. Addition of a fibrate, niacin (North and South America), omega-3 fatty acids or ezetimibe are all options for combination with a statin to further reduce non-HDL cholesterol, although lacking in hard evidence for cardiovascular outcome benefits. Several emerging treatments may offer promise. These include the next generation peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorα agonists, cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors and monoclonal antibody therapy targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9. However, long-term outcomes and safety data are clearly needed. In conclusion, the R3i believes that ongoing trials with these novel treatments may help to define the optimal management of atherogenic dyslipidaemia to reduce the clinical and socioeconomic burden of residual cardiovascular risk.

Published
2014
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37. Synthesis of magnetically recyclable porous CoFe2O4/Rh composites with large BET surface area for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutant.

Author

Jiang, Zhenzhen, Feng, Li, and Zhu, Junren

Subjects
*ORGANIC water pollutants, *SURFACE area, *PHOTOCATALYSTS, *MALACHITE green, *POLLUTANTS, *RHODIUM compounds
Abstract

The organic pollutants in water have been a great environment challenges to human beings, and photocatalytic degradation is an effective method to solve this problem. In this paper, the Rh-loaded cobalt ferrite CoFe 2 O 4 (CFO) nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by in situ photodeposition of Rh nanoparticles onto the porous CFO particles as the photocatalysts. After incorporating Rh nanoparticles, the CFO/Rh composite has a higher specific surface area and is more efficient in charge separation than the bare CFO. The photocatalytic efficiency of decomposing Malachite Green (MG) is improved from 70% over the bare CFO to 97% over the optimized CFO/Rh in 60 min. The CFO/Rh sample also demonstrates its durability for the degradation of MG in 5 photocatalytic reaction cycles. Additionally, hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and superoxide radicals (•O 2 −) are proved to be the crucial reactive species during the photocatalytic degradation of MG with CFO/Rh, evidenced by the active species capture experiments. This work provides a useful approach to enhance the photocatalytic activity of semiconductors for degrading organic dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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40. Darapladib for preventing ischemic events in stable coronary heart disease.

Author

White HD, Held C, Stewart R, Tarka E, Brown R, Davies RY, Budaj A, Harrington RA, Steg PG, Ardissino D, Armstrong PW, Avezum A, Aylward PE, Bryce A, Chen H, Chen MF, Corbalan R, Dalby AJ, Danchin N, De Winter RJ, Denchev S, Diaz R, Elisaf M, Flather MD, Goudev AR, Granger CB, Grinfeld L, Hochman JS, Husted S, Kim HS, Koenig W, Linhart A, Lonn E, López-Sendón J, Manolis AJ, Mohler ER 3rd, Nicolau JC, Pais P, Parkhomenko A, Pedersen TR, Pella D, Ramos-Corrales MA, Ruda M, Sereg M, Siddique S, Sinnaeve P, Smith P, Sritara P, Swart HP, Sy RG, Teramoto T, Tse HF, Watson D, Weaver WD, Weiss R, Viigimaa M, Vinereanu D, Zhu J, Cannon CP, and Wallentin L

Subjects
Aged, Benzaldehydes adverse effects, Coronary Artery Disease complications, Coronary Artery Disease drug therapy, Coronary Disease mortality, Double-Blind Method, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction prevention & control, Oximes adverse effects, Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors adverse effects, Stroke prevention & control, Treatment Failure, Benzaldehydes administration & dosage, Coronary Disease drug therapy, Oximes administration & dosage, Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors administration & dosage
Abstract

Background: Elevated lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity promotes the development of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, and elevated plasma levels of this enzyme are associated with an increased risk of coronary events. Darapladib is a selective oral inhibitor of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2., Methods: In a double-blind trial, we randomly assigned 15,828 patients with stable coronary heart disease to receive either once-daily darapladib (at a dose of 160 mg) or placebo. The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Secondary end points included the components of the primary end point as well as major coronary events (death from coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, or urgent coronary revascularization for myocardial ischemia) and total coronary events (death from coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, hospitalization for unstable angina, or any coronary revascularization)., Results: During a median follow-up period of 3.7 years, the primary end point occurred in 769 of 7924 patients (9.7%) in the darapladib group and 819 of 7904 patients (10.4%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio in the darapladib group, 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85 to 1.03; P=0.20). There were also no significant between-group differences in the rates of the individual components of the primary end point or in all-cause mortality. Darapladib, as compared with placebo, reduced the rate of major coronary events (9.3% vs. 10.3%; hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.00; P=0.045) and total coronary events (14.6% vs. 16.1%; hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84 to 0.98; P=0.02)., Conclusions: In patients with stable coronary heart disease, darapladib did not significantly reduce the risk of the primary composite end point of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. (Funded by GlaxoSmithKline; STABILITY ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00799903.).

Published
2014
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41. Reduction of the morning blood pressure surge treated with olmesartan in Chinese patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension--a multicenter, open-label, single treatment group clinical study.

Author

Jiao Y, Ke Y, Sun N, Wang J, Deng W, and Zhu J

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Asian People, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory, China epidemiology, Female, Humans, Hypertension diagnosis, Hypertension ethnology, Hypertension physiopathology, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers therapeutic use, Blood Pressure drug effects, Circadian Rhythm, Hypertension drug therapy, Imidazoles therapeutic use, Tetrazoles therapeutic use
Abstract

Objective: To investigate the morning blood pressure surge (MBPS) in Chinese patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension treated with long-term administration of olmesartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist according to ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM)., Materials and Methods: In a multi-center, prospective study, we investigated the long-term efficacy of olmesartan by ABPM in 18-75 years-old Chinese patients with mild to moderate hypertension (clinic diastolic blood pressure [DBP] 90-109 mm Hg and systolic blood pressure [SBP] < 180 mmHg). After a 1 week placebo runin, 87 patients were treated with olmesartan 20 mg once daily in the morning for 24 weeks. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was conducted at baseline and at the end of 24 weeks. At baseline, patients with an MBPS > or = 23 mmHg were classified as the MBPS group (n = 41), and all other patients were classified as the non-MBPS group (n = 46)., Results: The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP/DBP) over 24 hours were reduced from 141.78 +/- 12.8/91.17 +/- 7.34 to 128.35 +/- 15.86/83.58 +/- 9.53 mmHg (p < 0.01). The mean blood pressure in the final 6 hours of the dosing interval dropped from 135.75 +/- 5.84/87.29 +/- 4.80 mmHg to 122.98 +/- 6.46/80.49 +/- 4.31 mmHg (p < 0.01). The MBPS for SBP/ DBP were reduced from 35.68 +/- 8.85/29.77 +/- 17.19 mmHg to 28.62 +/- 15.08/19.08 +/- 11.01 mmHg in the MBPS group (p < 0.05). The reductions in MBPS after treament with olmesartan were significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.01)., Conclusions: Olmesartan effectively reduces blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension, and olmesartan especially reduces the MBPS in MBPS-prone patients.

Published
2012

42. Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in Asian patients with acute coronary syndromes: design and rationale of a multi-dose, pharmacodynamic, phase 3 clinical trial.

Author

Ge J, Zhu J, Hong BK, Boonbaichaiyapruck S, Goh YS, Hou CJ, and Pinton P

Subjects
Acute Coronary Syndrome ethnology, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Asian People, Clopidogrel, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Piperazines adverse effects, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors pharmacokinetics, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors therapeutic use, Prasugrel Hydrochloride, Research Design, Thiophenes adverse effects, Ticlopidine administration & dosage, Ticlopidine adverse effects, Ticlopidine pharmacokinetics, Young Adult, Acute Coronary Syndrome drug therapy, Piperazines administration & dosage, Piperazines pharmacokinetics, Thiophenes administration & dosage, Thiophenes pharmacokinetics, Ticlopidine analogs & derivatives
Abstract

Background: Prasugrel is a third generation thienopyridine that is more potent, rapid in onset, and consistent in inhibition of platelets than clopidogrel. However, early prasugrel dose-ranging studies and the subsequent phase 3 TRITON-TIMI 38 trial were conducted primarily in Caucasian populations., Objectives: The current clinical study is designed to confirm superior inhibition of platelet aggregation with prasugrel versus clopidogrel in the treatment of Asian subjects with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)., Research Design and Methods: This is a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, multi-dose, four-arm parallel, multinational clinical trial. East and Southeast Asian patients (N = 715) with moderate- to high-risk ACS undergoing PCI will be randomized to one of three prasugrel dosing regimens (60 mg LD/10 mg MD; 30 mg LD/7.5 mg MD; 30 mg LD/5 mg MD) or clopidogrel (300 mg LD/75 mg MD) for 90 days., Main Outcome Measures: The primary endpoint is inhibition of platelet aggregation measured by the point-of-care Accumetrics VerifyNow P2Y12 device, and the primary analysis will be performed in a hierarchical manner for descending doses of prasugrel. Additional key endpoints include major adverse cardiovascular events, non-coronary artery bypass-graft (CABG) surgery-related TIMI bleeding, and genetic analyses of cytochrome P450 polymorphisms., Conclusions: This study is a phase 3, multi-dose, pharmacodynamic comparison of prasugrel versus clopidogrel in Asian patients with ACS undergoing PCI. It is the first study designed to investigate prasugrel therapy specifically in Asian ACS subjects, and will inform which doses of prasugrel are effective and safe for patients of Asian ethnicity.

Published
2010
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43. A survey on the efficacy and tolerability of micronized fenofibrate in patients with dyslipidemia.

Author

Zhu J and Ye P

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cholesterol, HDL blood, Cholesterol, LDL blood, Female, Fenofibrate adverse effects, Humans, Hyperlipidemias blood, Male, Middle Aged, Fenofibrate therapeutic use, Hyperlipidemias drug therapy, Hypolipidemic Agents therapeutic use
Abstract

Objective: To demonstrate the clinical efficacy of micronized fenofibrate on mildly-moderately elevated LDL-C levels and reduced HDL-C levels., Methods: During 1998 - 1999, 2358 patients with type IIa, IIb and IV hyperlipidemia were monitored in 16 cities in China. They were treated daily with micronized fenofibrate (micronized lipanthyl) 200 mg for 8 weeks. Lipid levels before and after the treatment were measured and analyzed., Results: Micronized fenofibrate significantly increased HDL-C levels by 12.7%, the effect being inversely correlated to the baseline level of HDL-C. Out of the total patient population, a baseline level of HDL-C < 1.0 mmol/L was found in 837 patients: amongst this group, 510 patients (60.9%) were observed to have an increase in the level of HDL-C to > 1.0 mmol/L with a mean of 1.3 mmol/L, after 8-week micronized fenofibrate therapy. Furthermore, the mean LDL-C level decreased by 15.9% following an 8-week treatment of micronized fenofibrate, an effect positively correlated to the baseline level of LDL. In general, all patients tolerated the drug comfortably., Conclusions: Short-term treatment of micronized fenofibrate in patients with dyslipidemia significantly increases HDL-C level and reduces mildly-moderately elevated LDL-C level. As expected, it also reduces triglyceride levels.

Published
2003

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