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Corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) neurons are densely distributed in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), which plays a crucial role in integrating and processing emotional and cognitive inputs from other brain regions. Therefore, it is important to know the neural afferent patterns of mPFCCRH neurons, which are still unclear. Here, we utilized a rabies virus‐based monosynaptic retrograde tracing system to map the presynaptic afferents of the mPFCCRH neurons throughout the entire brain. The results show that the mPFCCRH neurons receive inputs from three main groups of brain regions: (1) the cortex, primarily the orbital cortex, somatomotor areas, and anterior cingulate cortex; (2) the thalamus, primarily the anteromedial nucleus, mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, and central medial thalamic nucleus; and (3) other brain regions, primarily the basolateral amygdala, hippocampus, and dorsal raphe nucleus. Taken together, our results are valuable for further investigations into the roles of the mPFCCRH neurons in normal and neurological disease states. These investigations can shed light on various aspects such as cognitive processing, emotional modulation, motivation, sociability, and pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposed a shape descriptor, self-difference shape descriptor (SDSD) to describe the shape of a 3 D model. The primary motivation of this approach was to construct the shape descriptor by using the shape variation of 3D model itself. First it selected a set of parallel planes with equal interval to cut the model. For each plane, the set of intersection points was called a slice. The diflerence of two neighboring slices would reflect local shape variation of the model. Then it defined SDSD as a vector, whose component depicted the diflerence. This method meets rotating and translation invariance. Furthermore, it is independent on the distribution of point cloud and robust to triangular reduction. Experimental results demonstrate the ability of the proposed descriptor to retrieve 3D models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An effective, economic and green synthesis of carboxylic group substituted alkynes by Sonogashira coupling of halogenated aromatic acids with phenylacetylene has been developed. The coupling reaction proceeds well using Pd(OAc)2/TPPTS-CuI as catalyst with K2CO3 as base in water. It is worth noting that this procedure avoids the protection/deprotection steps of carboxylic group and obtains the title compounds in good to excellent yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the clinical efficacy of ultrasonic irrigation combined with epoxy resin-based sealer in single visit root canal treatment of chronic pulpitis., Study Design: Randomised controlled trial. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Stomatology, Hefei BOE Hospital, Hefei, China, from March 2019 to December 2021., Methodology: Ninety patients with chronic pulpitis, comprising 104 affected teeth, were enrolled. Using a random number table, they were divided into Group A (n = 30, 35 teeth), Group B (n = 30, 35 teeth), and the control group (n = 30, 34 teeth). All underwent single visit root canal treatment. Group A received ultrasonic irrigation followed by sealing with epoxy resin-based paste; Group B had conventional syringe irrigation followed by the same sealing; the control group had syringe irrigation and closure with zinc oxide-eugenol paste. Pain during treatment, posttreatment clinical outcomes, and differences in inflammatory markers (IL-4, IL-6, hs-CRP), and quality of life (QOL) scores pre- and posttreatment over two months were observed., Results: After the treatment, improvement rates for Groups A, B, and the control group were 91.4%, 65.7%, and 61.7%, respectively. Pain occurrence rates were 6.7%, 30.0%, and 36.7%, respectively. Group A outperformed both Group B and the control group in improvement and pain incidence with statistical significance (p<0.016). Posttreatment, Group A had lower IL-4, IL-6, hs-CRP levels than Groups B and the control group (p<0.05), and had higher scores for sleep, mood, and appetite (p<0.05)., Conclusion: Ultrasonic irrigation combined with epoxy resin-based paste yields better results for chronic pulpitis treatment, reducing postoperative pain, mitigating inflammation levels, and enhancing quality of life., Key Words: Chronic pulpitis, Ultrasonic irrigation, Epoxy resin paste, Root canal treatment, Therapeutic effect.

Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety of megestrol acetate silicone vaginal ring., Methods: A total of 165 healthy child-bearing age women were recruited to examine the efficacy, safety and satisfaction rate of megestrol acetate silicone vaginal ring., Results: The cumulative pregnancy rate of megestrol acetate silicone vaginal ring was 3.93%. And its discontinuation rate was 2.54%, the incidence of adverse events 11.52% and the incidence of adverse effects 1.81% while the symptoms were all slight. The bleeding pattern was similar to that of normal menstruation. Compared with baseline, the elevated level of triglycerides and the reduced level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly different while no significant difference existed in high-density lipoprotein (HDL), cholesterol and hemoglobin, etc. The satisfaction rate of megestrol acetate silicone vaginal ring was 94.6% and increased with time., Conclusion: Megestrol acetate silicone vaginal ring is an effective and safe option of contraceptives.

Objective: To observe the effects of Tongfu Decoction (TFD) on the gastric emptying of normal rats, thus exploring whether it could promote gastric emptying rapidly., Methods: Thirty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the domperidone group, and the TFD group, 10 in each group. They were respectively administered with normal saline, the domperidone suspension, and TFD by gastrogavage. Thirty min later the gastric emptying of mice was detected by single photon emission computed tomography technology (SPECT) labeled with 99m Tc-DTPA, and the gastric half-emptying time and the gastric emptying rate were calculated., Results: The gastric half-emptying time was (19.0 +/-1.7) min in the normal control group, (12.9 +/- 3.4) min in the domperidone group, and (12.7 +/- 4.1) min in the TFD group. Compared with the normal control group, the gastric half-emptying time was significantly shortened in the domperidone group and the TFD group (P <0.05). The gastric emptying rate at 15 min was 41.1% +/- 5. 8% in the normal control group, 52.9% +/- 10.9% in the domperidone group, and 56.0% +/- 10.3% in the TFD group, while at 30 min it was 65.6% +/- 2.8%, 72.9% +/- 2.6%, and 72.4% +/- 4.9%, respectively. Compared with the normal control group, the gastric emptying rate at 15 min and 30 min both significantly increased in the domperidone group and the TFD group (P <0.05). There was no statistical difference in the gastric half-emptying time or the gastric emptying rate between the two groups (P >0.05)., Conclusion: TFD showed similar effects as domperidone in rapidly promoting gastric emptying, and could shorten the gastric half-emptying time in normal rats.

Objective: To understand the trends and influential factors on infant mortality in Henan province from 2000 to 2010., Methods: Descriptive method, Cox-Stuart trend test and multiple linear regression were used to study the infant mortality trends and related influential factors in the regions with monitoring programs of Henan province, from 2000 to 2010., Results: The total urban and rural infant mortality rates dropped significantly, from 30.91 per thousand, 10.05 per thousand, 33.99 per thousand in 2000 to 7.12 per thousand, 5.51 per thousand, 8.03 per thousand in 2010, respectively. The average annual rates of decrease were 13.65 percent, 5.83 percent and 13.44 percent. The downward trends were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The infant mortality rates dropped more significantly in rural areas (25.96%) than in the urban areas (4.54%). Difference between urban and rural areas reduced from 23.49% to 2.52%. Rates on factors as setting up maternal record cards, carrying on postpartum visits, hospital delivery, or under help by new midwives and low birth weight rate etc. were remarkably influencing the rate on infant mortality (F = 229.738, P = 0.004). In order, the impact of strengths on those factors showed as: hospitalized delivery rate, low birth weight rate, the rate of 'clean' delivery, setting up record cards on postpartum visits., Conclusion: Total provincial, urban and rural infant mortality rates all showed downward trends. The infant mortality rates dropped more significantly in rural areas than in urban areas. Difference between urban and rural areas was gradually getting small. Rates on setting up maternal record cards, carrying on postpartum visit, hospital delivery and under help by new midwives rate were important factors that significantly impacting the infant mortality rate. Work on setting up record cards and hospital delivery should be further strengthened.

In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C(25)H(20)N(2)O(3), the dihedral angles formed by adjacent benzene rings are 66.75 (8), 48.37 (8) and 71.43 (9)°. In the crystal structure, centrosymmetrically related mol-ecules are linked into dimers by inter-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C(21)H(18)O(9), the two aromatic rings are aligned at an angle of 49.7 (1)°.

Objective: To study incidence and death among previous paid blood-donated AIDS sufferers., Methods: A retrospective cohort study was adopted to study incidence and death of 373 previous paid blood-donated HIV sufferers and its effect factors., Results: Previous paid blood-donated HIV infection was serious and the infection rate in blood-donated crowd was 35.87% (373/1040); the mean incubation period of AIDS was 8.87 years (95% CI: 8.76 - 8.99, Kaplan-Meier method); the cumulative incidence of AIDS (10 years) was 92.23% (344/373), and the incidence of total sufferers was 11.64/100 person-year; the cumulative probability of survival of one-year, three-year, five-year AIDS sufferers was separately 94.48% (325/344), 85.76% (295/344) and 83.14% (286/344), median survival time was over 5 years; the anti-virotic treatment days (960.29 +/- 486.38), infection age (33.39 +/- 9.08) disease age (41.98 +/- 8.88) had significant effects on AIDS sufferers' survival time/survival rate (chi(2) = 61.355, P = 0.000; chi(2) = 6.555, P = 0.010; chi(2) = 3.969, P = 0.046)., Conclusion: The survival time of previous paid blood-donated HIV cases was longer, and their survival rate was higher, remarkably higher than the UNAIDS' research findings.

The chiral separation of some chiral compounds with similar structure on the cellulose tris (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase prepared by us was obtained. Ternary mobile phases influencing chiral recognition were investigated. A mode of interaction between the structural character of samples and chiral stationary phase is discussed. The results indicated that the retention and chiral separation of the analytes had a bigger change with minute addition of alcohols or acetonitrile as modifier in n-hexane/2-propanol (80/20, volume ratio) binary mobile phase.

L-proline chiral stationary phases with various bonding amounts for ligand exchange chromatography were prepared by treating silica gel with 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and bonding L-proline. The bonding amounts of L-proline chiral stationary phase were controlled effectively and characterized by IR and elemental analysis. Some DL-amino acids were separated and the influences of the bonding amounts on the efficiency of resolution of DL-amino acids by ligand exchange chromatography were briefly discussed and explained by the mechanism of the separation.