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Embedded devices have become visible everywhere,and they are used in a range of security-critical and privacy-sensitive applications.However,recent studies show that many embedded devices have backdoor,of which hard-coded backdoor(password backdoor) is the most common.In the triggering process of password backdoor,strcmp-like functions are necessary and important absolutely.However,the current identification of strcmp-like functions mainly relies on function signature and control flow feature matching.The former can't recognize user-defined strcmp-like functions,and the identify effect is greatly affected by the compile environment.The latter has high false positive rate and false negative rate.To solve the above problems,this paper proposes a novel strcmp-like recognition technology CMPSeek.This method builds a model for strcmp-like function identification based on the analysis of control flow and data flow characteristics,which is used to identify strcmp-like functions in binary programs,and is suitable for stripped binary programs.Furthermore,ARM,MIPS,PPC and x86/64 instruction sets are supported by converting binary codes to the intermediate language representation VEX IR codes.Experimental results show that CMPSeek has better results in accuracy rate and recall rate than FLIRT and SaTC in the absence of source code,function name and other information.

The objective of this study is to explore the effects of foliar sprayed carbon dots (CDs) on the growth and development of sweetpotato seedlings under low phosphorus (P) stress, discovery the key genes that regulate the response of sweetpotato roots to low P stress, analyze the synergistic changes between root metabolites and key genes, and explore the mechanism of CDs alleviating low P stress in sweetpotato. In this study, Shangshu 19 and Xushu 32 were selected as the experimental materials. Three treatments, namely, foliar sprayed with ultra-purewater (CK1 treatment), Salvia miltiorrhiza CDs (CDs treatment) at low P levels (0.01 mmol L--1 KH2PO4), foliar sprayed with ultra-pure water at normal P levels (1 mmol L--1 KH2PO4) (CK2 treatment), were set up to conduct metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of sweetpotato roots in different treatments, and analysis the changes in biomass and P content in leaves, stems and roots. Results showed that foliar sprayed Salvia miltiorrhiza CDs significantly increased the biomass of leaves, stems, and roots of sweetpotato seedlings under low P stress, increased the P content of roots, and enhanced the low P tolerance of sweetpotato seedlings. Transcriptome analysis revealed that phosphate uptake and transport genes (PHO1, PHT1-4), root configuration regulation genes (ZAT6, ZFP5, PLT5), and inositol phosphate biosynthesis genes (VIP2) play key roles in alleviating low P stress in sweetpotato seedlings. The metabolomic analysis indicated that the relative expression level of inositol phosphate in sweetpotato roots treated with CDs was significantly lower than that in CK1 treatment. These results suggested that foliar spraying CDs can improve the ability of sweetpotato to absorb P by inducing the high affinity P uptake and transport system of sweetpotato and optimizing root configuration, while maintaining P homeostasis by adjusting the P metabolism process in the plant. However, there were differences in the response of different sweetpotato varieties to low P stress mediated by CDs. Compared with CK1 treatment, it was also observed that the expression levels of phosphate esters such as phosphoethanolamine and D-Myo-inositol 4-phosphate in the roots of Shangshu 19 were significantly reduced in CDs treatment, and the expression of citric acid and oxalic acid secreted by the roots of Xushu 32 significantly increased, which can activate insoluble P in the soil and promote P absorption by plants. This may be related to differences in low P tolerance among different sweetpotato varieties. In conclusion, these results can provide scientific support and theoretical basis for establishing efficient regulation theories and new pathways for P nutrition in sweetpotato, and also provide candidate molecular resources for subsequent research on nano CDs to alleviate low P stress in sweetpotato. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the appropriate amount of phosphorus (P) fertilizer and improve economic yield and P use efficiency of edible sweetpotato, we took Xushu 32 as an example and compared the effects of different P application rates on yield, quality, P accumulation and P use efficiency of edible sweetpotato based on a two-year field experiment (soil available P content was 31.70 mg·kg -1 ) from 2018 to 2019. There were five P application levels (P 2 O 5 ), including 0 (P 0 ), 25 (P 25 ), 50 (P 50 ), 75 (P 75 ) and 100 kg·hm -2 (P 100 ). The results showed that, 1) compared with P 0 , P application significantly increased the yield of fresh sweetpotao and commodity potato, with the effects being the stongest under P 75 treatment, followed by P 50 treatment. However, there was no significant difference between the two treatments. 2) P application significantly increased the contents of starch and reducing sugar in storage root. The contents of soluble sugar and protein increased significantly under P 50 treatment. 3) Du-ring the growth period of 90 to 120 d, P fertilizer supply significantly increased P accumulation and dry matter accumulation of sweetpotato. 4) The apparent P use efficiency (APUE) decreased with increasing P application rates, while P agronomic efficiency (PAE) increased first and then decreased with the increases of P application rates, which was significantly higher under P 50 than other treatments. Taking into account the yield, quality, economic yield and P utilization rate of edible sweetpotato, the optimal dosage of P 2 O 5 is 50 kg·hm -2 under the experimental conditions.