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Background: Anxiety is a common disorder with high social burden worldwide. Dysfunction of serotonin‐1A receptor (5‐HT1A receptor) in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus has been predominantly implicated in the anxiety behavior. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the deficiency of postsynaptic 5‐HT1A receptor in regulating anxiety behavior remains unclear. Methods: Using pharmacological and genetic methods, we investigated the role of detate nNOS in 5‐HT1A receptor decline and anxiety behavior induced by chronic mild stress (CMS) in mice. Results: Here we showed that local elevation of glucocorticoids in the DG accounted for chronic stress‐induced anxiety behavior. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) mediated chronic stress‐induced downregulation of 5‐HT1A receptor in the DG through peroxynitrite anion (ONOO•) pathway but not cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway. By using pharmacological tool drugs and nNOS knockout mice, we found that nNOS in the DG played a key role in chronic stress‐induced anxiety behavior. Conclusions: These findings uncovered an important role of nNOS‐5‐HT1A receptor pathway in the DG of the hippocampus in chronic stress‐induced anxiety. Accordingly, we developed a "dentate nNOS‐5‐HT1A receptor closed‐loop" theory (stress‐glucocorticoids‐nNOS‐Nitric oxide‐ONOO•‐5‐HT1A receptor ‐nNOS) of stress‐related anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reliability of the motor has been the focus of research in related fields. The negative effects of PWM control technology further increases the complexity and difficulty of the motor reliability analysis. Currently there are no systematic analyses on the influences and failure mechanism caused by PWM pulses. Winding insulation and bearing are two vulnerable parts in motor. In the paper, firstly the failure mechanism caused by PWM pulses is expounded, and some typical results are introduced in winding insulation and bearing reliability, and the research status of the overall motor life prediction techniques is summarized. Finally the unresolved problems is dicussed, and the possible domains in future are also analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]