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Aim: To characterize the clinical, radiological, endoscopic and pathological features of intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) and primary small intestinal lymphoma (PSIL)., Methods: This was a retrospective study from February 2005 to October 2012 of patients with a diagnosis of ITB (n = 41) or PSIL (n = 37). All patients with ITB or PSIL underwent computed tomography (CT) and pathological examination. Thirty-five patients with ITB and 32 patients with PSIL underwent endoscopy. These patients were followed for a further 18 mo to ascertain that the diagnosis had not changed. Clinical, endoscopic, CT and pathological features were compared between ITB and PSIL patients., Results: Night sweating, fever, pulmonary TB and ascites were discovered significantly more often in ITB than in PSIL patients (P < 0.05), however, abdominal mass, hematochezia and intestinal perforation were found significantly more frequently in PSIL than in ITB patients (P < 0.05). Ring-like and rodent-like ulcers occurred significantly more often in ITB than in PSIL patients (P < 0.05), however, enterorrhagia and raised lesions were significantly more frequent in PSIL than in ITB patients (P < 0.05). The rate of granuloma was significantly higher in ITB than in PSIL patients (87.8% vs 13.5%, χ(2) = 43.050, P < 0.05), and the incidence of confluent granulomas with caseous necrosis was significantly higher in ITB than in PSIL patients (47.2% vs 0.0%, χ(2) = 4.034, P < 0.05). Multi-segmental lesions, mural stratification, mural gas sign, and intestinal stricture were more frequent in ITB than in PSIL patients (P < 0.05), however, a single-layer thickening of bowel wall, single segmental lesions, and intussusception were more common in PSIL than in ITB patients (P < 0.05). Necrotic lymph nodes, comb sign and inflammatory mass were more frequent in ITB than in PSIL patients (P < 0.05). The bowel wall enhancement in ITB patients was greater than that in PSIL patients (P < 0.05), while the thickening and lymph node enlargement in PSIL patients were higher than those in ITB patients (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Combined evaluation of clinical, radiological, endoscopic and pathological features is the key to differentiation between ITB and PSIL.

Objective: To explore the diagnostic features of collecting duct carcinoma (CDC)., Methods: A total of 7 CDC patients were retrospectively examined by multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT). The relevant diagnostic parameters were assessed., Results: All lesions were located in renal medulla. Among them, infiltrations extended to renal calyx (n = 3) and cortex (n = 5). There were indistinct boundaries (capsule sign) on enhanced phase (n = 6) and pre-capsule (n = 1). On non-enhanced CT, CDC attenuation was greater than normal renal cortex or medulla (43.8 ± 5.3 vs 37.6 ± 5.1 or 32.6 ± 4.1, P < 0.05). The degree of enhancement was less than normal renal cortex and medulla during all enhanced phases (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Excellent consistency existed between CT appearances of CDC and pathological characteristics., Conclusion: Dynamic contrast enhanced-CT can show distinct imaging features of CDC correlated with pathological characteristics so as to allow a better differential diagnosis.