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Both silicone gel and quercetin are effective in scar treatment but have different action mechanisms. Quercetin is mainly applied in the gel form and can lead to poor adhesion of silicone gel sheet; therefore, they cannot be combined in clinical use. In this study, a silicone gel sheet that releases quercetin in a sustained manner for 48 hours was successfully developed. Four round scars (Ø: 1 cm) were made in the ears of New Zealand albino rabbits (n = 10). After scar healing, the rabbits were divided into four groups: blank control group with no treatment, silicone gel sheet group with dressing change every 2 days, quercetin group with dressing change three times daily, and combination treatment group with dressing change every 2 days. Scar assessment was performed 3 months later. Transepidermal water loss showed no difference between the combination treatment group and the silicone gel sheet group, but was lower than that in the quercetin group and the blank control group. Immunohistochemistry of CD 31 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen showed the following results: combination treatment group < silicone gel sheet group = quercetin group < blank control group. Polymerase chain reaction results showed that the expression of type-I and type-III collagen in the combination treatment group and the quercetin group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups. Thus, quercetin-modified silicone gel sheet combines the advantages of the two treatments and is more effective at inhibiting cell proliferation in scar tissue than either of the two treatments alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate early hemodynamics of severely burned patients via PiCCO and to discuss clinical significance of hemodynamic monitoring for burn shock resuscitation, 55 extensive burn patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. The fluid resuscitation was guided according to Chinese General Formula and adjusted with urinary output of 0.5-1.0 ml/h/kg as a resuscitation goal. All patients were diagnosed within a relatively stable condition during burn shock stage, and they received PiCCO monitoring within 6 hours after burn. The preload parameter intrathoracic blood volume index was low at first, then returned to normal. The flow parameter cardiac index and myocardial contractility parameter dPmax were gradually changed from low level in the early stage to high level in the fluid reabsorption stage. The afterload parameter systemic vascular resistance index had completely opposite tendency. The lung-related parameters extravascular lung water index and pulmonary vascular permeability index were roughly in the normal range. The change of cardiac index had a linear regression relationship with dPmax and systemic vascular resistance index but had no significant relationship with intrathoracic blood volume index. Under effective fluid resuscitation, the early hemodynamics after burn is still in dynamically changing status, characterized as transition from low cardiac output (CO)-high vascular resistance in early shock stage to high CO-low vascular resistance in fluid reabsorption stage. CO mainly depends on the myocardial contractility and vascular resistance, but not on the blood volume. Excessive fluid resuscitation cannot get normal CO. The normal value of hemodynamics cannot be used as end point of burn shock resuscitation. Dynamic observation of hemodynamics is of great importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Severe burns can lead to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) due to inflammation-immunity dysregulation. This study aimed to identify key immune-related molecules and potential drugs for immune regulation in severe burn treatment., Method: Microarray datasets GSE77791 and GSE37069 were analyzed to identify immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs), enriched pathways and prognosis-related genes. The DGIdb database was used to identify potentially clinically relevant small molecular drugs for hub DEGs. Hub DEGs were validated by total RNA from clinical blood samples through qPCR. The efficacy of drug candidates was tested in a severe burn mouse model. Pathologic staining was used to observe organ damage. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum IL-1b, IL-6, TNF-a and MCP-1 contents. Activation of the NF-κB inflammatory pathway was detected by western blotting. Transcriptome sequencing was used to observe inflammatory-immune responses in the lung., Results: A total of 113 immune-related DEGs were identified, and the presence of immune overactivation was confirmed in severe burns. S100A8 was not only significantly upregulated and identified to be prognosis-related among the hub DEGs but also exhibited an increasing trend in clinical blood samples. Methotrexate, which targets S100A8, as predicted by the DGIdb, significantly reduces transcription level of S100A8 and inflammatory cytokine content in blood, organ damage (lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys) and mortality in severely burned mice when combined with fluid resuscitation. The inflammatory-immune response was suppressed in the lungs., Conclusion: S100A8 with high transcription level in blood is a potential biomarker for poor severe burn prognosis. It suggested that methotrexate has a potential application in severe burn immunotherapy. Besides, it should be emphasized that fluid resuscitation is necessary for the function of methotrexate., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Xiang, Pan, Zhang, Chen, Fang, Wang, Li, Chen, Chen, Li, Zheng and Zhu.)

Background: The treatment of critical burn patients involves fluid resuscitation, homeostasis, prevention of infection, support and maintenance of organ functions, nutritional support, and wound repair. Correct management of these problems is a fierce challenge facing burn clinicians. This report presents a critical burn patient with obstinate hyperglycemia and septic shock from pan-drug-resistant strains., Case Report: A 41-year-old female with a 96% total body surface area (TBSA) burn developed a series of severe complications during the course of treatment, including rare obstinate hyperglycemia and septic shock from pan-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii. Several aspects of the applied treatment are emphasized: an immediate effort to close the wound, the appropriate use of antibiotics, and the extraordinarily large amounts of insulin for intensive therapy to control blood sugar., Conclusions: The critical burn patient developed a series of severe complications during the course of treatment. Correct management of these complications is crucial to success in the treatment of such patients.

Objective: To summarize the clinical experience in repair of deep burn and traumatic wounds with combined transplantation of different types of pedicled skin flaps in lower extremities., Methods: Two hundred and thirty-six patients with 271 deep wounds in lower extremities after burn or trauma were repaired with muscular skin flaps, local fascial flaps and island flaps with vascular pedicle (more than 20 types) in our department from Jan. 1998 to Sept. 2008., Results: Complete necrosis of skin flaps occurred in 1 case, congestion and necrosis over the edge of skin flaps occurred in 3 cases, which were healed after grafting, and other skin flaps survived well with soft texture. Skin flaps were too bulky in 26 cases, among them 17 cases were thinned, and the appearance of other skin flaps were satisfactory. In 68 patients with functional region injury were recovered to certain extent without contracture., Conclusions: Skin flaps with pedicles, multiple transplantations if necessary, can repair deep wounds satisfactorily in lower extremities after deep burn or trauma injury.

Objective: To investigate the epithelial growth factor (EGF) expression of EGF gene-transfected keratinocytes and its effect on cell proliferation after grafting., Methods: Newborn Balb/c mouse keratinocytes and gene transfected keratinocytes were seeded on the surface of acellular dermal matrix and cocultured in different ratios as follows: 1:1, 1:3, or 1:5 1 week after culture. The composite skin was grafted onto the full-thickness wound in Balb/c mouse. Specimen was harvested at interval after grafting and underwent the immunohistochemistry staining for EGF and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)., Results: Immunohistochemical staining showed EGF was expressed in the newly generated epidermis 1-2 week after grafting of the composite skin comprising Balb/c mouse keratinocytes and gene-transfected keratinocytes (at the ratio of 1:5). One week after surgery, Anti-PCNA positive basal cells were more than that in composite skin containing Balb/c mouse keratinocytes alone (P<0.01)., Conclusion: The gene-transfected keratinocytes expresses EGF and promotes the proliferation of keratinocytes in the early stage after transplantation.

Objective: To investigate the changes in myocardial dynamics in early phases of burn shock of dogs and the effects of rapid fluid infusion in delayed resuscitation., Methods: Twelve mongrel dogs were randomly divided into control (n=6) and burn (n=6) groups. The dogs in burn group were subjected to 35% total body surface area (TBSA) III degree burn and were resuscitated with lactate Ringer's solution 6 hours postburn. The volumes and rates of fluid infusion were controlled basically on the urinary output of 1.0 mlxkg(-1)xh(-1) and cardiac output (CO) of 70%-80% of pre-burn values. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), maximum rate of intraventricular pressure rise/down (+/-dp/dt max) and cardiac index (CI) were determined at 0.5, 1,2, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 24 hours postburn., Results: The MAP, LVSP, +/-dp/dt max and CI were significantly lowered from their baseline and those of control group at 0.5 hour postburn, and they kept declining until 6 hours postburn. They showed a tendency of elevation and reached or approached the levels of that in control group within 2 hours of resuscitation, and the differences were not significant between the two groups 4 hours after burn (all P>0.05). The amount of infusion fluid within the first 4 hours of resuscitation was (3.63+/-0.99) ml/kg per 1% TBSA., Conclusion: The myocardial dynamics is depressed in the early stage of burn, the effective way to improve it is to infuse a large amount of fluid rapidly when resuscitation is delayed.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and long-term effect of recombinant human epithelial growth factor (rhEGF) on deep partial-thickness burn wounds., Methods: Thirty-seven burn patients were enrolled in this study and were observed by randomized, double-blinded and placebo-controlled protocol. An area of deep partial-thickness burn wounds from each patient was divided into control (C) and treatment (T) portions. The wound in C was treated with normal saline while that in T with rhEGF. The patients were followed-up for 1 and 4 years after wound healing. The healed wounds were evaluated by modified Vancouver scar scale in terms of scar index (SI)., Results: 1 year after wound healing, it was found that the SI in T group (7.19 +/- 1.67) was obviously lower than that in C group (8.92 +/- 1.78, P < 0.01). The SI in T group (6.12 +/- 1.54) was still evidently lower than that in C group (8.09 +/- 1.81, P < 0.01) four years after wound healing. There were no signs of development of tumor or cancer in all the tested burn wound areas., Conclusion: External application of rhEGF might be beneficial to the healing quality of deep partial-thickness burn wound with less scar formation and better long-term effects, and it is safe.

Objective: To study whether nimodipine, a dihydropyridine-type calcium channel blocker, can inhibit the production of interleukin-1beta(IL-1beta), interleukin-6(IL-6) by Kupffer cells(KC) and down-regulate its level of plasma after severe burn injury., Methods: KC of normal rats were isolated with portal vein catheter, intrahepatic digestion and density gradient centrifugation. Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in individual KC after stimulated with postburn serum was assessed fluorometrically with microspectrofluorimeter. Level of IL-1beta and IL-6 in the supernatant of KC cultured with postburn serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). SD rats underwent 30% total body surface area(TBSA) full thickness burn 6 hours later, KCs was isolated and their mRNA were extracted. Level of IL-1beta mRNA and IL-6 mRNA were detected by ribonuclease protection assay(RPA). Levels of plasma IL-1beta and IL-6 were also detected. Role of nimodipine on above-mentioned effects were observed., Results: Compared with that of control group, levels of [Ca2+]i of KCs and IL-1beta and IL-6 supernatant in burn group increased significantly(all P<0.01). At present of 1 micromol/L nimodipine, however, the [Ca2+]i, IL-1beta, IL-6 values decreased significantly(all P<0.01). The level of plasma cytokines and KC mRNA in burn group also increased significantly. After intravenously injection with nimodipine (40 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1)), the numerical values decreased significantly(all P<0.01)., Conclusion: Kupffer cells of rats are activated to secret IL-1beta and IL-6 after severe burn injury and this process is realized through calcium ion signal transduction channel. Nimodipine can inhibit IL-1beta and IL-6 production of KC by preventing its mRNA transcription, down-regulating its level of plasma.