Search

Photothermal therapy (PTT) has garnered significant attention in recent years, but the standalone application of PTT still faces limitations that hinder its ability to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes. Nitric oxide (NO), being one of the most extensively studied gaseous molecules, presents itself as a promising complementary candidate for PTT. In response, various nanosystems have been developed to enable the simultaneous utilization of PTT and NO‐mediated gas therapy (GT), with the integration of photothermal agents (PTAs) and thermally‐sensitive NO donors being the prevailing approach. This combination seeks to leverage the synergistic effects of PTT and GT while mitigating the potential risks associated with gas toxicity through the use of a single laser irradiation. Furthermore, additional internal or external stimuli have been employed to trigger NO release when combined with different types of PTAs, thereby further enhancing therapeutic efficacy. This comprehensive review aims to summarize recent advancements in NO gas‐assisted cancer photothermal treatment. It commences by providing an overview of various types of NO donors and precursors, including those sensitive to photothermal, light, ultrasound, reactive oxygen species, and glutathione. These NO donors and precursors are discussed in the context of dual‐modal PTT/GT. Subsequently, the incorporation of other treatment modalities such as chemotherapy (CHT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), alkyl radical therapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy (IT) in the creation of triple‐modal therapeutic nanoplatforms is presented. The review further explores tetra‐modal therapies, such as PTT/GT/CHT/PDT, PTT/GT/CHT/chemodynamic therapy (CDT), PTT/GT/PDT/IT, PTT/GT/starvation therapy (ST)/IT, PTT/GT/Ca2+ overload/IT, PTT/GT/ferroptosis (FT)/IT, and PTT/GT/CDT/IT. Finally, potential challenges and future perspectives concerning these novel paradigms are discussed. This comprehensive review is anticipated to serve as a valuable resource for future studies focused on the development of innovative photothermal/NO‐based cancer nanotheranostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate and analyze the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment, and prognosis of rare Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia, and to improve the understanding of this rare disease. Methods: A retrospective analysis and exploration was performed for 33 cases of patients with Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia in the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University from January 2017 to March 2024, and the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and key points for differential diagnosis were summarized and analyzed. Meanwhile, the latest literature from PubMed was retrieved to systematically discuss the research progress in Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia. Results: A total of 33 patients with Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia were included in this study, including 21 males (63.64%) and 12 females (36.36%), with a median age of 59 (32– 79) years. There were 27 cases (81.82%) of patients accompanied with a history of poultry contact, 22 patients (66.67%) had underlying diseases. In our study, patients with Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia were mainly affected in Autumn (21.21%) and Winter (54.55%). All patients had undergone bronchoscopy and obtained bronchoalverolar lavage fluid (BALF) for metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) detection, and mNGS results showed that all patients (100%) were co-infected with multiple pathogens including Chlamydia psittaci. All patients were given antimicrobial therapy after diagnosis, and no treatment-related adverse reactions or adverse events were observed in our study, the average length of hospitalization was 11.09 days. Fortunately, no death was observed in our study, and patients were all discharged from hospital after recovery and in favourable physical and psychological conditions after discharge. Conclusion: Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia lacks specific clinical features or manifestations and tends to develop into severe exacerbation. mNGS could help to achieve an accurate diagnosis. Early administration of antibiotics can improve the prognosis of patients to the greatest extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Evaluation of the efficacy of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for chronic disturbance of consciousness after severe craniocerebral injury based on magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Methods The clinical data of 106 patients with chronic disturbance of consciousness after severe craniocerebral injury from January 2018 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into control group (conventional rehabilitation treatment) and observation group (high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment) by propensity score matching method (1 • 1), with 53 cases in each group.Both groups were examined by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) before and after treatment. The brain metabolic indexes [N-acetyl aspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) value, choline complex (Cho)/Crvalue], Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, electroencephalogram (EEG) grading, coma recovery scale (CRS-R) score, brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) grading, upper limb sensory evoked potential (SSEP) grading and Cerebral blood flow perfusion index [cerebral blood volume (CBV), mean transit time (MTT), cerebral blood flow (CBF)] were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, the NAA/Cr values of the thalamus and brainstem in the two groups increased, while the Cho/Cr values decreased, and the levels of brain metabolic indexes in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The two groups' GCS score and CRS-R score increased, and the improvement of the observation group was better than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The BAEP grading, EEG grading, and SSEP grading of the two groups improved, and those of the observation group were better than the control group (P < 0.05 ). The CBF and CBV of the two groups increased, and MTT decreased, and the level of cerebral blood perfusion index in the observation group was better than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion High frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has a significant effect on the recovery of patients with chronic consciousness disorders after severe craniocerebral injury. The mechanism may be related to improving the blood flow velocity of brain tissue and metabolism in the brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]