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An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Miniaturized-light-emitting diode (mini-LED) backlights have emerged as the state-of-the-art technology for liquid crystal display (LCD), facilitating the improvement in a high dynamic range (HDR) and power saving. The local dimming technology divides the backlight into several dimming zones. Employing mini-LEDs, whose size ranges from 100 to 200 μm, as the light sources can enlarge the number of zones in the local dimming backlight, fulfilling the requirement for HDR. However, the halo effect still acts as one of the primary technological bottlenecks for mini-LED backlights. In this review, packaging technology of LEDs, color conversion, and the driving scheme of mini-LED backlights have been discussed. The strategies to reduce optical crosstalk in adjacent areas by various improved optical structures or to suppress the halo effect of LCDs by mini-LED backlights are summarized. The development trends of mini-LED backlights are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near-infrared (NIR) persistent luminescence (PersL) materials have attracted extensive attention due to their great promise in medical diagnostics, bio-imaging, night vision surveillance, multi-level anticounterfeiting, and information encryption. To achieve NIR PersL (micro/nano-) materials with the desired properties, a variety of synthesis methods have been employed, including solid-phase reaction and liquid-phase synthesis. Different synthesis methods have different but important effects on the micro/nano-structure, luminescence, and PersL properties of the materials. Moreover, the influence of various synthesis methods on the properties of NIR PersL materials determines the selection of preparation approaches for other new material systems. Taking the representative NIR PersL ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ material as an example, four synthesis procedures are applied, namely, high-temperature solid-state reaction (SSR), high-temperature molten salt method (MSM), hydrothermal method (HM), and microwave-assisted solid-state (MASS) method. The structural and luminescent properties of samples made by SSR, MSM, HM, and MASS are compared. Notably, it is revealed that the MASS method can create additional trapping energy levels, which is of great significance for emerging applications. This work demonstrates the different effects of synthesis methods on PersL performance and provides a good guideline for the rapid and reasonable selection of preparation methods for diverse applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incorporating oxophilic metals into noble metal-based catalysts represents an emerging strategy to improve the catalytic performance of electrocatalysts in fuel cells. However, effects of the distance between the noble metal and oxophilic metal active sites on the catalytic performance have rarely been investigated. Herein, we report on ultrasmall (∼5 nm) Pd-Ni-P ternary nanoparticles for ethanol electrooxidation. The activity is improved up to 4.95 A per mgPd, which is 6.88 times higher than commercial Pd/C (0.72 A per mgPd), by shortening the distance between Pd and Ni active sites, achieved through shape transformation from Pd/Ni-P heterodimers into Pd-Ni-P nanoparticles and tuning the Ni/Pd atomic ratio to 1:1. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the improved activity and stability stems from the promoted production of free OH radicals (on Ni active sites) which facilitate the oxidative removal of carbonaceous poison and combination with CH3CO radicals on adjacent Pd active sites.