Search

In aqueous solution, a novel triangle-like tungstovanadate estertin derivative K10H10.5[(W4O15(H2O)2){(SnCH2CH2COO)2(V0.75W10.75/V0.25O39)}{{(SnCH2CH2COO)2(μ-OH)}2(SnCH2CH2COO)(VW10O37)}2]·31H2O ((SnR)8-V3W35, R = CH2CH2COO) was assembled by a conventional synthetic method. (SnR)8-V3W35 is composed of one [VW11O39]7− ({VW11}) and two [VW10O37]9− ({VW10}) units connected by eight [Sn(CH2)2COO]2+ groups and a {W4O19} cluster. Interestingly, there exists a pentagonal bipyramid WO7 polyhedral center surrounded by two SnCO5 and three WO6 octahedra, forming a pentagonal {(WO7)W3(SnR)2} cluster in this polyoxometalate (POM), which is also the first example of a pentagonal structure formed by transition metals (TMs) and main group organometals in the POM family. Furthermore, the structure of this organic–inorganic hybrid POM also exhibits the largest number of organotin groups introduced into the POM system. It was characterized with various physico-chemical and spectroscopic methods, including X-ray single crystal and powder diffraction analysis, 119Sn and 51V NMR, IR, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), etc. In addition, the catalytic activity of (SnR)8-V3W35 as a mimic of peroxidase was evaluated using o-phenylenediamine (OPD) as a peroxidase substrate. The major factors influencing the oxidation reaction such as pH, the dosage of (SnR)8-V3W35, and concentrations of OPD and H2O2 were mainly studied. (SnR)8-V3W35 exhibits good peroxidase-like catalytic activity. From another perspective, the successful acquisition of (SnR)8-V3W35 further proves the instability and easy reassembly characteristics of TM-sandwich-type tungstovanadates, which also provides a new assembly strategy for synthesizing POM-estertin derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toward high‐strength bio‐based polyamide 56 (PA56) fiber, we first in situ precipitate graphene oxide (GO), adipic acid and 1,5‐pentanodiamine together by reaction crystallization in ethanal to obtain PA56 salt/GO particles with well dispersed GO, then prepare PA56/GO nanocomposite with PA56 salt/GO via solvent‐free polymerization including solid‐state prepolycondensation and melt polycondensation. Finally, PA56/GO nanocomposite fiber is prepared by extrusion drawing. With 0.2 wt% GO, the tensile strength of PA56/GO fiber reaches 1050 MPa, which is 3.3 times that of pure PA56 fiber. Furtherly, we add PA56/GO with high GO content to commercial PA56 to prepare the hybrid fiber, of which the tensile strength reaches 1248 MPa. The great improvement is mainly due to the good dispersion of GO in the whole process, which increases the heterogeneous nucleation in favor of higher and oriented PA56 crystallization. Highlights: Bio‐based PA56/GO nanocomposite fiber with 1.2 GPa strength has been prepared.PA56 salt/GO particles with well‐dispersed GO are in situ precipitated.Solvent‐free polymerization is used instead of solution melt polymerization.Well‐dispersed GO results in high and oriented crystallinity of PA56/GO fiber.Tensile strength of PA56/GO fiber is 2.3 times that of commercial PA56 fiber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to explore and analyse the dietary intake patterns of 3‐6 year‐old children left behind by one or both parents and to assess their associations with body mass index (BMI) and the prevalence of childhood anaemia in rural Anhui, eastern China. We used random cluster sampling to recruit rural children aged 3–6 years in two rural areas in Anhui province. Sociodemographic information and dietary intake were collected by self‐reported questionnaires. Height, weight and prevalence of anaemia were measured by trained nurses blinded to parental migration status. Factor analysis was applied to determine that major dietary patterns, binary logistic regression and generalised linear regression were used to explore the associations between anaemia and BMI Z‐score with dietary patterns. Of 1720 children aged 3–6 years, 236 were left by both parents and 388 were left by a single parent. The prevalence of stunting and underweight among left‐behind children with migration of both parents (BLBC) was significantly higher than that of non‐left‐behind children (NLBC). Three dietary patterns—"grain–vegetable," "meat–egg" and "fast food–sweet"—were identified in our study, and the total variance explained was 46.9%. The meat–egg dietary pattern was associated with a decreased risk of anaemia after adjustment for confounding factors in the left‐behind children with migration of both parents (BLBC), left‐behind children with single parent migration (SLBC) and non‐left‐behind children (NLBC) groups. After adjusting for confounding factors, the fast food–sweet dietary pattern was found to be associated with an increased risk of anaemia (OR [95% CI]: Q4: 2.21 [1.14, 4.57], p = 0.034). In addition, children with obesity had a lower intake of vegetables and fruits (β = −0.08, 95% CI: −0.13, −0.02) compared with children with a normal weight. In conclusion, there are correlations between different types of parental migration and children's nutritional status in rural Anhui. The meat–egg dietary pattern may have a preventive effect on anaemia in comparison with other dietary patterns, irrespective of whether children are left behind or not. Children with overweight and obesity had a higher intake of pork and red meat and snacks compared with children with normal BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last few years, Micro-C has shown itself as an improved alternative to Hi-C. It replaced the restriction enzymes in Hi-C assays with micrococcal nuclease (MNase), resulting in capturing nucleosome resolution chromatin interactions. The signal-to-noise improvement of Micro-C allows it to detect more chromatin loops than high-resolution Hi-C. However, compared with massive Hi-C datasets available in the literature, there are only a limited number of Micro-C datasets. To take full advantage of these Hi-C datasets, we present HiC2MicroC, a computational method learning and then predicting Micro-C from Hi-C based on the denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPM). We trained our DDPM and other regression models in human foreskin fibroblast (HFFc6) cell line and evaluated these methods in six different cell types at 5-kb and 1-kb resolution. Our evaluations demonstrate that both HiC2MicroC and regression methods can markedly improve Hi-C towards Micro-C, and our DDPM-based HiC2MicroC outperforms regression in various terms. First, HiC2MicroC successfully recovers most of the Micro-C loops even those not detected in Hi-C maps. Second, a majority of the HiC2MicroC-recovered loops anchor CTCF binding sites in a convergent orientation. Third, HiC2MicroC loops share genomic and epigenetic properties with Micro-C loops, including linking promoters and enhancers, and their anchors are enriched for structural proteins (CTCF and cohesin) and histone modifications. Lastly, we find our recovered loops are also consistent with the loops identified from promoter capture Micro-C (PCMicro-C) and Chromatin Interaction Analysis by Paired-End Tag Sequencing (ChIA-PET). Overall, HiC2MicroC is an effective tool for further studying Hi-C data with Micro-C as a template. HiC2MicroC is publicly available at https://github.com/zwang-bioinformatics/HiC2MicroC/. Author summary: The Micro-C assay, an improved variant of Hi-C, can capture genome-wide DNA interactions at nucleosome resolution, which makes it possible to detect more chromatin loops that relate to regulatory elements. However, there are not enough experimental Micro-C data publicly available compared with widely performed Hi-C experiments. Here we use deep learning methods to predict Micro-C from Hi-C. Our evaluation indicates that our method can successfully recover the loops that are detected in Micro-C but not identified in Hi-C. Our method provides an effective way to further take advantage of Hi-C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wearable photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors provide real‐time monitoring of essential human health parameters by integrating a light source with a photodetector. However, they face a common challenge: the presence of a faint pulsating (AC) signal amidst a highly noisy and drifting non‐pulsatile background. This necessitates fine‐tuning how the light is spread out to make sure that a significant number of emitted photons carry vital physiological information and trigger the detector's photocurrent. An innovative organic PPG sensor with a microcavity organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) that emits light in a controlled direction, coupled with an annular organic photodetector (OPD) is demonstrated here. By adjusting the OLED's cavity lengths, the microcavity resonance peak is shifted, achieving angled directional emission. Placing the microcavity OLEDs at the center of the annular OPD enhances the portion of light that reflects from arterial vessels in the skin and tissues. This increases the AC signal for recording arterial vessel pulsations by 47.66%. This advancement simplifies sensor recognition and achieves an unprecedented low power consumption of only 9.96 µW for heart rate sensing, meeting essential recognition criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show how a single metal guitar string of fixed length can produce a musical scale. The string is placed near a permanent magnet, and by applying an AC to the string at the frequency of the desired musical note, the Lorentz force creates vibrations in the string at that frequency. The tension of the string is set so that its harmonics correspond to the desired notes. A one-octave scale can be approximated by using these harmonic frequencies, allowing several melodies to be played using our non-contact monochord. This project could be adopted for demonstration or laboratory projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rolled aluminum alloy sheets usually have anisotropic properties that affect its ductile fracture behavior. In order to study the plastic anisotropy and ductile fracture behavior of aluminum alloy 6016 sheet, the Hill48 anisotropic yield criterion is introduced into the Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) model forming an anisotropic GTN model. In this model, two groups of Hill48 anisotropic yield constants, which are respectively calculated by Lankford's coefficient R in different directions and the combination of the Lankford's coefficient R and yield stress σ y in different directions, are separately used to describe anisotropic mechanical behaviors. The failure void volume fraction f F is identified through microstructure analysis and the other damage parameters are calibrated through a finite element (FE) inverse calibration method. The abilities of these two groups of Hill48 anisotropic yield constants in predicting anisotropic mechanical behaviors of aluminum alloy 6016 sheet are examined by performing FE simulations of 0°, 45°, and 90° plate tensile tests, deep-drawing tests and Erichsen cupping tests. Results show that the Hill48 anisotropic yield constants calculated by the Lankford's coefficient R in different directions have a better ability to predict local anisotropic plastic deformation especially the earing effect in the deep-drawing test, but the Hill48 anisotropic yield constants calculated by the combination of the Lankford's coefficient R and yield stress σ y in different directions have a better prediction ability in predicting global anisotropic mechanical behaviors of the aluminum alloy 6016 sheet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The aim of this study was to describe the basic status of milk production traits of Chinese Holstein cows in Jiangsu, and locate the QTLs and functional genes that affect the five milk production traits (milk yield, milk fat percentage, milk fat yield, milk protein percentage, and milk protein yield) of first-born cows. The five milk production traits showed significant phenotypic positive correlation and high genetic positive correlation among the three parities, and we identified 1731 CNVs and 236 CNVRs in the 29 autosomes of 4173 Holstein dairy cows, and 19 CNVRS were significantly associated with milk production traits. The study introduced the basic status of the milk production traits of Chinese Holstein cows in Jiangsu province, and 19 CNVRs were identified to be significantly related to milk production traits of Chinese Holstein cows in the first fetus. This study will provide a theoretical basis for molecular marker-assisted selection of dairy cows, help to analyze the genetic structure of milk production traits of dairy cows, and contribute to the genetic improvement of Chinese Holstein cattle in Jiangsu. Milk production traits are the most important quantitative economic traits in dairy cow production; improving the yield and quality of milk is an important way to ensure the production efficiency of the dairy industry. This study carried out a series of in-depth statistical genetics studies and molecular analyses on the Chinese Holstein cows in the Jiangsu Province, such as descriptive statistics and copy number variation analysis. A genetic correlation, phenotypic correlation, and descriptive statistical analysis of five milk production traits (milk yield, milk fat percentage, milk fat yield, milk protein percentage, and milk protein yield) of the dairy cows were analyzed using the SPSS and DMU software. Through quality control, 4173 cows and their genomes were used for genomic study. Then, SNPs were detected using DNA chips, and a copy number variation (CNV) analysis was carried out to locate the quantitative trait loci (QTL) of the milk production traits by Perl program software Penn CNV and hidden Markov model (HMM). The phenotypic means of the milk yield, milk fat percentage, milk fat mass, milk protein percentage, and milk protein mass at the first trimester were lower than those at the other trimesters by 8.821%, 1.031%, 0.930%, 0.003%, and 0.826%, respectively. The five milk production traits showed a significant phenotypic positive correlation (p < 0.01) and a high genetic positive correlation among the three parities. Based on the GGPBovine 100 K SNP data, QTL-detecting research on the fist-parity milk performance of dairy cows was carried out via the CNV. We identified 1731 CNVs and 236 CNVRs in the 29 autosomes of 984 Holstein dairy cows, and 19 CNVRs were significantly associated with the milk production traits (p < 0.05). These CNVRs were analyzed via a bioinformatics analysis; a total of 13 gene ontology (GO) terms and 20 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were significantly enriched (p < 0.05), and these terms and pathways are mainly related to lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and cellular catabolic processes. This study provided a theoretical basis for the molecular-marker-assisted selection of dairy cows by developing descriptive statistics on the milk production traits of dairy cows and by locating the QTL and functional genes that affect the milk production traits of first-born dairy cows. The results describe the basic status of the milk production traits of the Chinese Holstein cows in Jiangsu and locate the QTL and functional genes that affect the milk production traits of the first-born cows, providing a theoretical basis for the molecular-marker-assisted selection of dairy cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The understanding of the enhanced thermal conductivity mechanism in nanofluids remains elusive, underscoring the necessity for investigating their influence on heat conduction. A comparative analysis was carried out on the overall heat transfer coefficients of SiO2, TiO2, MgO, ZrO2, CeO2, Al2O3, and Fe3O4, yielding 346.5, 442.9, 569.2, 465.6, 663.2, 562.4, and 706.2 W/m2 K, respectively. Our investigation further extended to the differential impacts of various nanofluids on heat transfer conduction coefficients, with Fe3O4 nanofluids demonstrating the greatest, and SiO2 the least, heat transfer coefficients. Importantly, these nanofluids play a cooperative role in enhancing heat transfer coefficients. Previous studies have largely concentrated on the effects of individual and mixed nanofluids on overall heat transfer coefficients, neglecting the combined effects of different nanofluids. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain vague, with insufficient corresponding characterizations. Our study seeks to address these limitations. We also studied the impact of nanofluid concentration, pH, and temperature on heat conduction. Our results suggest that the overall heat transfer coefficient escalates with increasing nanofluid concentration and temperature. For example, the overall heat transfer coefficients for SiO2 nanofluids surged from 346.5 W/m2 K at 25°C to 369.4 W/m2 K at 35°C, 411.4 W/m2 K at 45°C, and 427.6 W/m2 K at 55°C. A rise in pH also led to an increase in overall heat transfer coefficients up to a certain point, after which they started decreasing. The zeta potentials of the aforementioned nanofluids were −12.1, −24.8, −28.6, −23.2, −35.9, −31.3, and −40.4 mV, respectively, and these potentials dwindled with an increase in pH. The influence of nanofluids on overall heat transfer may have implications for the enhanced oil recovery effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical reduction of CO to value-added products, especially C2 products, provides a potential approach to achieve carbon neutrality and overcome the energy crisis. Herein, we report a metal–azolate framework (CuBpz) with dicopper active sites as an electrocatalyst for the electrochemical CO reduction reaction (eCORR). As a result, CuBpz achieved an impressive faradaic efficiency (FE) of 47.8% for yielding acetate with a current density of −200 mA cm−2, while no obvious degradation was observed over 60 hours of continuous operation at a current density of −200 mA cm−2. Mechanism studies revealed that the dicopper site can promote C–C coupling between two C1 intermediates, thereby being conducive to the generation of the key *CH2COOH intermediate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) can cause sinus obstruction and stenosis, with potentially fatal consequences. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI) can diagnose CVST qualitatively, although quantitative screening methods are lacking for patients refractory to anticoagulation therapy and who may benefit from endovascular treatment (EVT). Thus, in this study, we used radiomic features (RFs) extracted from HRMRI to build machine learning models to predict response to drug therapy and determine the appropriateness of EVT. Materials and methods: RFs were extracted from three-dimensional T1-weighted motion-sensitized driven equilibrium (MSDE), T2-weighted MSDE, T1-contrast, and T1-contrast MSDE sequences to build radiomic signatures and support vector machine (SVM) models for predicting the efficacy of standard drug therapy and the necessity of EVT. Results: We retrospectively included 53 patients with CVST in a prospective cohort study, among whom 14 underwent EVT after standard drug therapy failed. Thirteen RFs were selected to construct the RF signature and CVST-SVM models. In the validation dataset, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve performance for the RF signature model were 0.833, 0.937, and 0.977, respectively. The radiomic score was correlated with days from symptom onset, history of dyslipidemia, smoking, fibrin degradation product, and D-dimer levels. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve for the CVST-SVM model in the validation set were 0.917, 0.969, and 0.992, respectively. Conclusions: The CVST-SVM model trained with RFs extracted from HRMRI outperformed the RF signature model and could aid physicians in predicting patient responses to drug treatment and identifying those who may require EVT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is embracing innovation to optimize dosages for patients with cancer. The current dosing regimens for oncology drugs are often not tolerable for many patients, leading to substantial toxicity. The FDA is actively engaging with patients, caregivers, drug developers, and academia to develop new dosage optimization strategies. They support the use of innovative approaches, such as alternative dose-finding methods and model-informed clinical trial designs, to identify dosages that optimize long-term benefits and maintain the quality of life for all patients with cancer. The FDA is also interested in integrating biomarker science, machine learning approaches, and real-world data to inform dosage optimization. Collaboration and engagement with multiple stakeholders are crucial for the successful implementation of these innovative strategies. [Extracted from the article]

Increasingly, non-pharmacological interventions are being identified and applied to post-stroke dysphagia. Nevertheless, there is insufficient evidence to assess which type of interventions are more effective. In this study, the randomized controlled trials of non-pharmacological interventions on post-stroke dysphagia were retrieved from the relevant databases. Including 96 studies and 12 non-drug treatments. Then, and the network meta-analysis is carried out by statistical software. The results show: In the aspects of videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS), Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA), swallowing-quality of life (SWAL-QOL), Water swallow test (WST); Acupuncture + electrotherapy + rehabilitation training, acupuncture + rehabilitation training + massage, electrotherapy + rehabilitation training, acupuncture + electrotherapy + rehabilitation training, electrotherapy, acupuncture + rehabilitation training + acupoints sticking application have significant effects in post-stroke dysphagia. Compared with other interventions, they have more advantages in improving the above indicators. A substantial number of high-quality randomized clinical trials are still necessary in the prospective to validate the therapeutic effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in post-stroke dysphagia and the results of this Bayesian network meta-analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a WR-2.2 band waveguide orthogonal mode transducer (OMT) for an ice cloud remote sensing radiometer. A holistic approach is proposed to the design and manufacturing. Given the difficulties of using computer numerically controlled (CNC) milling techniques to fabricate the OMT and its assembly, both the design and fabrication processes are optimized to reduce the possibility of error, which could affect OMT performance. In the design, the OMT utilizes a side-arm structure, with a compact 90° waveguide twist designed in the side-arm path to reduce insertion loss and achieve two symmetric and opposing output ports in the radiometer. Regarding the challenges in CNC milling technology for such high frequencies, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis is performed following the OMT design to identify the design parameters with high sensitivity. Then, an acceptable tolerance range for CNC milling is obtained. To control fabrication uncertainty and minimize tolerance, an effective fabrication refinement strategy is proposed for accessible CNC machining, reducing the range of fabrication errors to − 3 to 2 µm within 3 iterations. Comprehensive measurements and analyses are performed on the fabricated OMT as well as the one with an antenna and a receiver. The measured insertion losses of the H and V copolarization of the OMT are better than 1.4 dB and 2 dB, respectively. The isolation is better than 40 dB. The measured H and V cross-polarizations are better than 25 dB. They demonstrate the OMT with a good performance for radiometer system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel view synthesis using implicit neural functions such as Neural Radiance Field (NeRF) has achieved significant progress recently. However, it is very computationally expensive to train a NeRF due to the disordered frequency optimization. In this paper, we propose the Pyramid NeRF, which guides the NeRF training in a 'low-frequency first, high-frequency second' style using the image pyramids and could improve the training and inference speed at 15 × and 805 × , respectively. The high training efficiency is guaranteed by (i) organized frequency-guided optimization could improve the convergency speed and efficiently reduce the training iterations and (ii) progressive subdivision, which replaces a single large multi-layer perceptron (MLP) with thousands of tiny MLPs, could significantly decrease the execution time of running MLPs. Experiments on various synthetic and real scenes verify the high efficiency of the Pyramid NeRF. Meanwhile, the structure and perceptual similarities could be better recovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Road construction in karst areas is a challenging task. Combining the advantages of geosynthetics and fiber Bragg grating (FBG), this paper creatively presents a new type of FBG-3D printed geogrid, which allows reinforcement and accurate deformation monitoring. A series of model tests were carried out to investigate the mechanical and deformation characteristics of the subgrade with underlying karst cave reinforced by FBG-3D printed geogrid. The experimental results indicated that the fully coordinated deformation between FBG sensor and geogrid was successfully achieved by 3D printing technology, and the relationship between fiber wavelength and strain was obtained. The existence of cave had an adverse effect on the subgrade, but the FBG-3D printed geogrids effectively improved the bearing capacity and footing settlement, and the reinforcement effect increased with the decrease of geogrid spacing. In the cyclic loading experiments, the earth pressure inside the subgrade reinforced by geogrid changed as a half-sine wave in each cycle. The FBG sensors accurately measured the strain change inside the subgrade, and the data showed that the deformation of measuring point above the cave model was the largest. The research conclusions provide important basic data for the construction and monitoring of highway and geotechnical engineering projects. • FBG-3D printed geogrid has both reinforcement and strain monitoring capabilities. • Relationship between fiber wavelength and strain was determined by calibration experiment. • Effects of the subgrade with an underlying earth cave reinforced by FBG-3D printed geogrid were analyzed. • Earth pressure inside the subgrade changed as a half-sine wave in each cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2) Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) dataset is a consistent and comprehensive dataset combining observations from various satellite instruments and other sources with a numerical model, supporting climate studies, atmospheric modeling, air quality monitoring, and environmental research. Due to the uneven and sparse distribution of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) in China, the validation for the MERRA-2 AOT dataset over China is inadequate. The construction of the National Civil Space Infrastructure Satellite Aerosol Product Validation Network (SIAVNET) is helpful to compensate for MERRA-2 AOT dataset validation over China. The validation results show that the accuracy of the MERRA-2 AOT goes down along with the aerosol loading in the atmosphere increase. In general, when the AOT is less than 1.0, the slope can reach 0.712 with R2 = 0.584. The percentage of data pairs that fall within the GCOS minimum requirement is less than 60%. Research also shows that MERRA-2 has a lower simulation quality of AOT at high altitudes than at low altitudes in China. Additionally, MERRA-2's AOT simulation quality varies by season. Simulated quality is worst in spring, improving in subsequent seasons. During the winter season, simulations are of the highest quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Differentiating mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy (NTLE) remains challenging. Our study characterized the metabolic profiles between MTLE and NTLE and their correlation with surgical prognosis using 18F‐FDG‐PET. Methods: A total of 137 patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and 40 age‐matched healthy controls were recruited. Patients were divided into the MTLE group (N = 91) and the NTLE group (N = 46). 18F‐FDG‐PET was used to measure the metabolism of regional cerebra, which was analyzed using statistical parametric mapping. The volume of abnormal metabolism in cerebral regions and their relationship with surgical prognosis were calculated for each surgical patient. Results: The cerebral hypometabolism of MTLE was limited to the ipsilateral temporal and insular lobes (p < 0.001, uncorrected). The NTLE patients showed hypometabolism in the ipsilateral temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes (p < 0.001, uncorrected). The MTLE patients showed extensive hypermetabolism in cerebral regions (p < 0.001, uncorrected). Hypermetabolism in NTLE was limited to the contralateral temporal lobe and cerebellum, ipsilateral frontal lobe, occipital lobe, and bilateral thalamus (p < 0.001, uncorrected). Among patients who underwent resection of epileptic lesions, 51 (67.1%) patients in the MTLE group and 10 (43.5%) in the NTLE group achieved Engel class IA outcome (p = 0.041). The volumes of metabolic increase for the frontal lobe or thalamus in the MTLE group were larger in non‐Engel class IA patients than Engel class IA patients (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The spatial metabolic profile discriminated NTLE from MTLE. Hypermetabolism of the thalamus and frontal lobe in MTLE may facilitate preoperative counseling and surgical planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Functional changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) occur earlier in the aging process and play an important role in the occurrence and development of age-related metabolic diseases. The mechanism of this phenomenon is still unclear, and the change in adipose tissue with age is poorly understood. Methods: We used transcriptome sequencing (RNA seq) to screen differentially expressed genes at the mRNA level, and analyzed the functional characteristics of the differential genes through GO and KEGG analysis in human SAT of all ages. In order to clarify the specific mechanism of the functional change, we analyzed the chromatin accessibility in the promoter region in the same SAT used in the RNA seq by the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) and obtained the functional genes in SAT changed with age. To verify these changes, we enlarged our sample content of human SAT. The primary mice adipocytes were extracted and stimulated by thyroid hormone of different concentration to construct an animal model, and the expression of the genes were determined through real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction(RT-PCR). The oxygen consumption test and immunofluorescence staining were used to determine the mitochondrial function of SAT. Results: RNA-seq showed characteristic gene expression of young and old human SAT, in which 331 genes were up-regulated and 349 genes were down-regulated. ATAC-seq, RNA-seq, combined with the mouse prediction model, determined the functional changed characteristics of seven genes. All these genes expressed differently in SAT of different ages, in which, NCF1, NLRP3, DUOX1 showed positive correlation with age; The expression of IFI30, P2RX1, P2RX6, PRODH, however, decreased with age. And all these genes showed dose dependent alternations under treatment of triiodothyroxine in mice SAT. The oxygen consumption rate revealed significant changes of the mitochondrial function and ROS accumulation in human SAT of different ages. Conclusion: In elderly individuals, the function, in addition to distribution, of SAT undergoes significant changes, primarily in mitochondria, which may be due to insensitivity to thyroid hormone signaling. These results identified seven novel genes regulated by thyroid hormone, exhibiting significant changes in SAT of different age, and are probably related to the dysfunction of the aged SAT due to the mitochondrial damage and ROS accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large number of studies have indicated that Chinese herbaceous polysaccharides possessed immune-promoting effects in animal husbandry. However, the function of Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharides (SMP) in fish remains poorly understood. In the present study, juvenile hybrid sturgeons (Acipenser baerii♀ × Acipenser schrenckii♂) were studied to assess the effects of SMP on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, non-specific immunity, and resistance to Streptococcus iniae. The results showed that weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and daily growth coefficient had no difference from those of the control group, but 0.1% SMP significantly increased the thickness of muscle layer and height and number of intestinal villus (P < 0.05). 0.5% and 0.7% SMP could significantly increase the T-AOC activity in the liver and valvular intestine, along with 0.5% SMP that significantly decreased the MDA content in the liver (P < 0.05). Moreover, all experimental groups could significantly increase serum TP and GLO contents. After infection with S. iniae, the survival rate of the experimental groups was higher than that of the control group, especially in 0.5% SMP group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of SMP could enhance the antioxidant and non-specific immune capacity of hybrid sturgeon, thus improving disease resistance and promoting the healthy breeding of juvenile hybrid sturgeon. Our findings provide novel recommendations for the application of SMP supplementation in farmed fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relaxor ferroelectric capacitors receive extensive attention for the energy storage applications due to their slim polarization–electric field hysteresis loops. Typically, relaxor ferroelectrics can be designed through introducing multiple heterovalent cations in the ferroelectrics to break the long-range ferroelectric order and form polar nanoregion. Here, medium-entropy relaxor ferroelectric (Bi0.7Na0.67Li0.03)0.5Sr0.3TiO3 (BNLST) thin films with A-site chemical heterogeneity, synthesized by a chemical solution method, are studied as dielectric capacitors for the energy storage application. Mn doping is utilized to occupy cation vacancies to improve the electrical properties. High energy density (47 J cm−3), good efficiency (69%), and good frequency, temperature and fatigue stability are obtained simultaneously. These results show the potential applications of SBNLT relaxor ferroelectric thin film for dielectric energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently a biochemistry experiment named methyl-3C was developed to simultaneously capture the chromosomal conformations and DNA methylation levels on individual single cells. However, the number of data sets generated from this experiment is still small in the scientific community compared with the greater amount of single-cell Hi-C data generated from separate single cells. Therefore, a computational tool to predict single-cell methylation levels based on single-cell Hi-C data on the same individual cells is needed. We developed a graph transformer named scHiMe to accurately predict the base-pair-specific (bp-specific) methylation levels based on both single-cell Hi-C data and DNA nucleotide sequences. We benchmarked scHiMe for predicting the bp-specific methylation levels on all of the promoters of the human genome, all of the promoter regions together with the corresponding first exon and intron regions, and random regions on the whole genome. Our evaluation showed a high consistency between the predicted and methyl-3C-detected methylation levels. Moreover, the predicted DNA methylation levels resulted in accurate classifications of cells into different cell types, which indicated that our algorithm successfully captured the cell-to-cell variability in the single-cell Hi-C data. scHiMe is freely available at http://dna.cs.miami.edu/scHiMe/. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology affecting mainly children. Studies have shown that the pathogenesis of KD may be related to autophagy. Using bioinformatics analysis, we assessed the significance of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in KD. Methods: Common ARGs were identified from the GeneCards Database, the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB), and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. ARGs were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Furthermore, related microRNAs (miRNAs), transcription factors (TFs), and drug interaction network were predicted. The immune cell infiltration of ARGs in tissues was explored. Finally, we used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to validate the diagnostic value and expression levels of ARGs in KD. Results: There were 20 ARGs in total. GO analysis showed that ARGs were mainly rich in autophagy, macro-autophagy, and GTPase activity. KEGG analysis showed that ARGs were mainly rich in autophagy—animal and the collecting duct acid secretion pathway. The expression of WIPI1, WDFY3, ATP6V0E2, RALB, ATP6V1C1, GBA, C9orf72, LRRK2, GNAI3, and PIK3CB is the focus of PPI network. A total of 72 related miRNAs and 130 related TFs were predicted by miRNA and TF targeting network analyses. Ten pairs of gene–drug interaction networks were also predicted; immune infiltration analysis showed that SH3GLB1, ATP6V0E2, PLEKHF1, RALB, KLHL3, and TSPO were closely related to CD8 + T cells and neutrophils. The ROC curve showed that ARGs had good diagnostic value in KD. qRT-PCR showed that WIPI1 and GBA were significantly upregulated. Conclusion: Twenty potential ARGs were identified by bioinformatics analysis, and WIPI1 and GBA may be used as potential drug targets and biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melt‐quenched glasses of organic–inorganic hybrid crystals, i.e., hybrid glasses, have attracted increasing attention as an emerging class of hybrid materials with beneficial processability and formability in the past years. Herein, we present a new hybrid crystal, (Ph3PEt)3[Ni(NCS)5] (1, Ph3PEt+=ethyl(triphenyl)phosphonium), crystallizing in a polar space group P1 and exhibiting thermal‐induced reversible crystal‐liquid‐glass‐crystal transitions with relatively low melting temperature of 132 °C, glass‐transition temperature of 40 °C, and recrystallization on‐set temperature of 78 °C, respectively. Taking advantage of such mild conditions, we fabricated an unprecedented hybrid glass‐ceramic thin film, i.e., a thin glass uniformly embedding inner polar micro‐crystals, which exhibits a much enhanced intrinsic second‐order nonlinear optical effect, being ca. 25.6 and 3.1 times those of poly‐crystalline 1 and KH2PO4, respectively, without any poling treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melt‐quenched glasses of organic–inorganic hybrid crystals, i.e., hybrid glasses, have attracted increasing attention as an emerging class of hybrid materials with beneficial processability and formability in the past years. Herein, we present a new hybrid crystal, (Ph3PEt)3[Ni(NCS)5] (1, Ph3PEt+=ethyl(triphenyl)phosphonium), crystallizing in a polar space group P1 and exhibiting thermal‐induced reversible crystal‐liquid‐glass‐crystal transitions with relatively low melting temperature of 132 °C, glass‐transition temperature of 40 °C, and recrystallization on‐set temperature of 78 °C, respectively. Taking advantage of such mild conditions, we fabricated an unprecedented hybrid glass‐ceramic thin film, i.e., a thin glass uniformly embedding inner polar micro‐crystals, which exhibits a much enhanced intrinsic second‐order nonlinear optical effect, being ca. 25.6 and 3.1 times those of poly‐crystalline 1 and KH2PO4, respectively, without any poling treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of the Internet of Vehicles (IOV), how to effectively distributed content in IOV has been a key issue. To tackle this problem, vehicular edge computing is proposed as an effective solution. However, The expensive cost of deploying infrastructures such as roadside unit (RSU), which limits the range of content distribution. Besides, the rapid mobility of the vehicle seriously affects the efficiency of content distribution. To address this issue, in the article, we propose an approach of the content distribution scheme based on Fuzzy Logic and Coalition Graph Games. Specifically, first, the fuzzy logic is used to calculate the vehicle's ability as a relay vehicle within the RSU communication range, and according to the density of the vehicle to determine the proportion of the selected relay vehicle. Then, we divided the road into sections, established alliance according to user similarity index and applied the coalition game theory in every block for content distribution. Extensive simulations validate that the proposed scheme show good performance in terms of reducing latency, energy consumption and expanding the distribution range of content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As down scaling of transistors continues, there is a growing interest in developing steep-slope transistors with reduced subthreshold slope (SS) below the Boltzmann limit. In this work, we successfully fabricated steep-slope MoS2 transistors by incorporating a graphene layer, inserted in the gate stack. For our comprehensive study, we have applied density functional theory to simulate and calculate the change of SS effected by different 2D quantum materials, including graphene, germanene and 2D topological insulators, inserted within the gate dielectric. This theoretical study showed that graphene/MoS2 devices had steep SS (27.2 mV/decade), validating our experimental approach (49.2 mV/decade). Furthermore, the simulations demonstrated very steep SS (8.6 mV/decade) in WTe2/MoS2 devices. We conclude that appropriate combination of various 2D quantum materials for the gate-channel stacks, leads to steep SS and is an effective method to extend the scaling of transistors with exceptional performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Plant-plant interactions are determined by resource availability. However, its responses to differences in soil phosphorus (P) and water and the rhizospheric driving mechanism have not been systematically revealed. Methods: A pot-culture experiment was conducted in monoculture and in mixture with maize and grass pea. Resource stress treatments were created by organic and inorganic P applications (phytate and KH2PO4) as well as drought and well-watered treatments to address the above issue. Results: Intercropping increased system yield and biomass by 3.5% and 4.5% on average in soils with sufficient P and water, and by 12.0% and 11.7% under stressful conditions respectively. With increasing water and P availability, the yield-based interaction types transited from mutually facilitated to maize facilitated with grass pea as facilitator. Comparatively, the biomass-based facilitation shifting from maize facilitated and grass pea neutral to both being facilitated with increasing stress. This shift was probably mediated by complementary use of soil water in the two species, and rhizospheric acidification in grass pea. Also, rhizospheric interactions promoted phosphatase secretion by 5.3–22.2%, and mobilized organic P to buffer P limitation under P-deficient soils. Regardless of crop species, reproductive and vegetative biomass fell into a typical allometric pattern (α > 1). The rhizospheric interactions drove the differentiated biomass allocation patterns and the species-specific interaction transition. Conclusion: High P and water environments intensified the asymmetric interspecific competition. The trait-dependent facilitation shift was mechanically driven by rhizospheric interaction in intercropping systems. The findings update the understanding on stress gradient hypothesis in a modified model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the issues of submerged vegetation restoration in the deep-water area of Baiyangdian Lake, a type of suspended ecological bed was developed, which was constructed with aquatic plants, ropes and supporting poles. The depth of a suspended ecological bed could be adjusted based on the water level. From July to November 2019, the phytoplankton community structure in the water around the suspended beds was continually monitored, and the effects of the submerged plants present in the suspended beds on the phytoplankton community structure in the deep-water area of the lake were studied. The results showed that Myriophyllum spicatum L. grew well in the suspended beds, with 95% survival after 60 d. The maximum biomass was reached in 55 d, and the water surface coverage reached 23%. There were 71 species of phytoplankton belonging to seven phyla in the water surrounding the suspended ecological beds. Over half (36 species) were members of Prochlorophyta, and the average density and biomass of phytoplankton gradually decreased month by month. The proportion of cyanobacteria in the community showed a downwards trend, while the proportions of other phytoplankton phyla showed upwards trends. The annual average Shannon–Wiener diversity index was 0.88, the annual average Pielou evenness index was 0.32, and the annual average Margalef richness index was 1.21. The Shannon–Wiener diversity index and Pielou's evenness index both showed increasing trends. This comprehensive analysis shows that planting submerged plants in suspended beds can improve the phytoplankton community structure of the surrounding water and increase the biodiversity of phytoplankton, making this an effective measure for restoring submerged vegetation in algae-dominated northern lakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wind–thermal-bundled transmission system is a feasible way to transmit wind power generation; however, the stability of the system should be paid more attention under high wind power penetration. In this article, the impact of wind energy penetration on torsional vibration and electrical characteristics is investigated for wind–thermal-bundled transmitted by high-voltage direct current system. The torsional vibration responses of generator shaft with different wind–thermal-bundled ratios are analyzed by time and frequency methods. The electrical characteristics of wind–thermal-bundled transmission system are disclosed under the influence of the wind farm penetration. The analysis illustrates that the penetration of doubly fed induction generation makes the torsional vibration of turbo generator and wind turbine shaft present different mode characteristics, and the risks of different modes are different. The current and voltage of wind–thermal-bundled transmission system show regular evolution with the change of wind–thermal-bundled proportion. Analytical results provide the value for the design and control of the wind–thermal-bundled transmitted system, which contributes to the improvement of power system stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel framework to recover detailed avatar from a single image. It is a challenging task due to factors such as variations in human shapes, body poses, texture, and viewpoints. Prior methods typically attempt to recover the human body shape using a parametric-based template that lacks the surface details. As such resulting body shape appears to be without clothing. In this paper, we propose a novel learning-based framework that combines the robustness of the parametric model with the flexibility of free-form 3D deformation. We use the deep neural networks to refine the 3D shape in a Hierarchical Mesh Deformation (HMD) framework, utilizing the constraints from body joints, silhouettes, and per-pixel shading information. Our method can restore detailed human body shapes with complete textures beyond skinned models. Experiments demonstrate that our method has outperformed previous state-of-the-art approaches, achieving better accuracy in terms of both 2D IoU number and 3D metric distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For micro-hybrid electric vehicles, the belt-driven starter generator system is a typical idle stop–start system that is used to substitute the traditional engine front-end accessory drive system. The aim of this work is to present a method to investigate steady-state and start-up transient responses of a typical belt-driven starter generator system with twin tensioner arms for micro-hybrid electric vehicles. A dynamic model of the belt-driven starter generator system is established for this scheme, where a smoothing dynamic friction model considering the velocity-weakening effect is presented to model the tensioner dry friction. Unlike some traditional dynamic models of the belt-driven starter generator system that the engine dynamics and dynamics of the belt-driven starter generator system are decoupled, an engine dynamic model, which is embedded in the dynamic model of the belt-driven starter generator system, is also established to calculate engine resistance torques at the engine starting process stage. Influences of the tensioner dry friction and stiffness on steady-state responses of the belt-driven starter generator system especially the stick–slip oscillations of the twin tensioner arms are examined. Angular oscillations and rotation speed variations of the belt-driven starter generator pulley and C/S pulley as well as the belt tension variations during the engine starting process are calculated. Influences of the tensioner dry friction and stiffness on transient dynamic performances of the belt-driven starter generator system during the engine starting process and its starting efficiency are investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microstructure of a quartz glass surface was processed at a low power density using the picosecond laser-induced plasma-assisted ablation (LIPAA) processing method. A low power density can effectively prevent edge collapse, cracks, and other defects in hard and brittle materials. The surface morphologies of the samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and three-dimensional laser scanning microscopy. The surface chemical components of the samples were analyzed using energy-dispersive spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. After processing, the surface exhibited a micro-/submicron multi-scale structure. After 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane modification, the surface can exhibit superhydrophobic properties such as a contact angle of 153°, sliding angle of 0°, and one-time bounce of water droplets. The transmittance of the superhydrophobic samples to the entire spectrum was maintained at more than 90%. The surface microstructure and superhydrophobic properties could be adjusted by changing the laser scanning speed. At high scanning speeds, the roughness of the sample decreased; therefore, the light transmittance increased gradually, whereas the hydrophobicity decreased gradually. Through the LIPAA method, we realized superhydrophobicity with high transmittance of transparent materials. The LIPAA can potentially be employed for the fast and effective fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces with complex microscale patterns combined with submicron features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Disappointing clinical efficacy of standard treatment has been proven in refractory metastatic osteosarcoma, and the emerging anti-angiogenic regimens are still in the infantile stage. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic approach for osteosarcoma lung metastasis. Methods: circFIRRE was selected from RNA-sequencing of 4 matched osteosarcoma and adjacent samples. The expression of circFIRRE was verified in clinical osteosarcoma samples and cell lines via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The effect of circFIRRE was investigated in cell lines in vitro models, ex vivo models and in vivo xenograft tumor models, including proliferation, invasion, migration, metastasis and angiogenesis. Signaling regulatory mechanism was evaluated by RT-qPCR, Western blot, RNA pull-down and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Results: In this article, a novel circular RNA, circFIRRE (hsa_circ_0001944) was screened out and identified from RNA-sequencing, and was upregulated in both osteosarcoma cell lines and tissues. Clinically, aberrantly upregulated circFIRRE portended higher metastatic risk and worse prognosis in osteosarcoma patients. Functionally, in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experiments demonstrated that circFIRRE could drive primary osteosarcoma progression and lung metastasis by inducing both tumor cells and blood vessels, we call as "tumorigenic-angiogenic coupling". Mechanistically, upregulated circFIRRE was induced by transcription factor YY1, and partially boosted the mRNA and protein level of LUZP1 by sponging miR-486-3p and miR-1225-5p. Conclusions: We identified circFIRRE as a master regulator in the tumorigenesis and angiogenesis of osteosarcoma, which could be purposed as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for refractory osteosarcoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first-generation semiconductor materials represented by silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) still hold a dominant position in many fields, including micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and integrated circuits (ICs). The processing of these materials continues to attract significant research attention for improvements in quality and efficiency. This study proposes a novel hybrid laser-enhanced particle-laden electrochemical machining (LEPL-ECM) process, whereby pulsed laser irradiation is utilized to selectively and locally enhance the electrical conductivity of Ge at specific locations. A neutral electrolyte jet, containing abrasive diamond particles, is applied to the location on the wafer surface opposite the laser irradiation, facilitating a localized and enhanced electrochemical dissolution. The effect of micro-particle erosion effectively removes the generated oxides and potential passivation layers, ensuring continuous and efficient electrochemical reactions. Consequently, high-quality micro-dimples with an entrance diameter of about 380–800 μm, a depth of around 138–300 μm, and a quasi-mirror surface with the roughness (Sa) of as low as 59.8 nm can be achieved within 90 s. Furthermore, the effects of the applied voltage, laser power and processing time on the resulting dimple characteristics and surface quality are discussed, along with a detailed morphology characterization. Dense micro-pits, radial streamlined micro-grooves and a special transitional region have been observed on dimple center, sidewall and near the edge, respectively, and the formation mechanism have been analyzed. Finally, a simulation of the electrolyte jet induced fluid pressure and velocity as well as the particle trajectory and distributions within and surrounding the dimple structure was conducted, which reveals that the synergistic mechanism associated with the hybrid material removal process involves both electrochemical corrosion and abrasive erosion. [Display omitted] • A novel LEPL-ECM method is proposed for high quality micro-dimpling of Ge. • A quasi-mirror dimple surface with the Sa of 59.8 nm can be achieved within 90 s. • Influences of several key processing parameters have been experimentally studied. • Synergistic effects exist between electrochemical corrosion and abrasive erosion. • Distributions of flow velocity, pressure and particle trajectory are calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of surimi-based products is intricately linked to the functional characteristics of myofibrillar proteins (MPs). Notably, MP oxidation during surimi processing impacts its functional properties, adversely affecting surimi-based products. Therefore, providing a timely and thorough overview of protein oxidation within surimi processing and emerging control techniques is significant for developing high-quality products. In this review, we explored the effects of protein oxidation on the quality of surimi. The pathways and mechanisms underlying protein oxidation during surimi processing steps were comprehensively summarized. A comprehensive review of emerging control methods to mitigate protein oxidation was also conducted. Pro-oxidants from surimi processing inevitably induce MP oxidation, resulting in deleterious effects on processing and nutritive quality. Various strategies have been proposed to control protein oxidation, including stress response reduction, pro-oxidant removal, cryoprotection technologies, and antioxidant supplementation. However, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms and control strategies for protein oxidation is lacking owing to the complex composition and production intricacies of surimi. Certain bio-friendly and naturally exogenous antioxidants and cryoprotectants exhibit substantial potential for efficacious control of protein oxidation, transcending the need for accurate modulations of surimi processing steps. • Oxidation of myofibrillar proteins deteriorates the quality of surimi. • Pathways and mechanisms of protein oxidation in surimi processing were summarized. • Emerging techniques against protein oxidation were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, novel and efficient signal amplification strategy in electrochemiluminescence (ECL) platform is urgently needed to enhance the sensitivity of biosensor. In this work, the dual ECL signal enhancement strategy was constructed by the interactions of Pd nanoparticles attached covalent organic frameworks (Pd NPs@COFs) with tris (bipyridine) ruthenium (RuP) and Exonuclease III (Exo.III) cycle reaction. Within this strategy, the COFs composite was generated from the covalent reaction between 2-nitro-1,4-phenylenediamine (NPD) and trialdehyde phloroglucinol (Tp), and then animated by glutamate (Glu) to attach the Pd NPs. Next, the "signal on" ECL biosensor was constructed by the coordination assembly of thiolation capture DNA (cDNA) onto the Pd NPs@COFs modified electrode. After the aptamer recognition of progesterone (P4) with hairpin DNA 1 (HP1), the Exo. III cycle reaction was initiated with HP2 to generate free DNA, which hybridized with cDNA to form double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). For that, the RuP was embedded into the groove of dsDNA and achieved the ultrasensitive detection of P4 with a lower limit of detection (LOD) down to 0.45 pM, as well as the excellent selectivity and stability. This work expands the COFs-based materials application in ECL signal amplification and valuable DNA cyclic reaction in biochemical testing field. [Display omitted] • The Pd NPs were in situ produced on the COFs for signal enhancement of RuP. • The Exo. III assisted cyclic reaction was initiated by P4 to generate more DNA. • The dual signal amplification strategy was designed for the detection of P4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An efficient thermal-structural coupling analysis model of a hoop-column antenna is established. • Circumferential temperature gradient of the thin-walled tube is considered by the Fourier thermal element model. • Modal analysis and frequency sensitivity analysis with respective to several structure parameters are performed. • Effects of the reflector shadow effect and incidence direction of sunlight on performance of the antenna is examined. • Influences of structural parameters on temperature and deformation of the antenna are investigated. A thermal-structural coupling analysis model of the hoop-column antenna is established with considering of the mutual influence between the deformation and heat conduction of the cable net and thin-walled tube truss in the antenna. In this model, the circumferential temperature gradient of the thin-walled tube is considered by using the Fourier thermal element model, while only the axial heat conduction is considered in the cable thermal analysis model. The accuracy of the established thermal-structural coupling analysis models of the cable and tube beam are verified by two numerical tests. Modal analysis as well as the frequency sensitivity analysis with respective to several structure parameters are performed. The modal analysis results are also verified by finite element (FE) simulation using the commercial FE software ANSYS. Thermal-structural coupling performances of the hoop-column antenna with and without considering of the reflector shadow effect being considered are conducted and compared through the established model. Temperature fields and displacements of the hoop-column antenna under unidirectional solar heat flux shocks in different directions are also calculated and compared. On this basis, influences of some key structural parameters on temperature and deformation of the hoop-column antenna are also examined. The thermal-structural coupling dynamic model established in this work can contribute to the early design of the hoop-column antenna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of CTAB-templated Ni/Ce catalysts were synthesized by adding CTAB during the hydrothermal synthesis of ceria to improve the pore structure of catalysts. Their catalytic performance was evaluated in the steam reforming of acetic acid and the effects of CTAB concentration on the porous structures, reducibilities, morphology, and activity of catalysts were studied. The catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD, H 2 -TPR, XPS, HRTEM, in-situ DRIFTS, DTG, FTIR, and temperature-programmed reaction to elucidate the structure-activity relationship of the catalyst. The results showed that owing to the CTAB assistance, a high surface area of ceria could be achieved, which induced a better Ni dispersion with a smaller Ni size, strengthened the interaction between Ni and CeO 2 , and promoted the reducibility of Ni, obtaining higher activity and lower methane yield than Ni/Ce. Among these prepared samples, Ni/Ce–C6 showed the highest surface area and the best catalytic performance with a hydrogen yield of up to 82.5% even at a low temperature (550 °C). Owing to the stronger Ni-ceria interaction of Ni/Ce–C6, the lattice oxygen in ceria migrates easily to the Ni surface, interacts with the reaction intermediates, and thus improves the CO 2 /CO ratio in the products. Much more CO and CO 2 and less CH 4 were observed over Ni/Ce–C6 during the temperature-programmed reaction, indicating its high activity. In-situ DRFITS characterization demonstrated that the two types of catalysts had similar reaction intermediates but various adsorption and conversion abilities toward the acetic acid. More reaction intermediates were adsorbed at low temperatures and a higher conversion was obtained over Ni/Ce–C6 owing to its better Ni dispersion. The CTAB assistance inhibited the formation of amorphous carbon but facilitated the formation of graphitic carbon at ∼637 °C which did not induce catalyst deactivation. [Display omitted] • A high surface area of CTAB-templated Ni/CeO 2 was developed. • CTAB-assisted catalysts enhanced the metal-support interaction and Ni sintering resistance. • CTAB-assisted catalysts exhibited superior activity in SRAA. • The formation of amorphous and filamentous carbon was inhibited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to establish a computerized diagnostic model to predict placenta accrete spectrum (PAS) disorders based on T2-weighted MR imaging. We recruited pregnant women with clinically suspected PAS disorders between January 2015 and December 2018 in our institution. All preoperative T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) MR images were manually outlined on the picture archive communication system terminal server. A nnU-Net network for automatic segmentation and the corresponding radiomics features extracted from the segmented region were applied to build a radiomics-clinical model for PAS disorders identification. Taking the surgical or pathological findings as the reference standard, we compared this computerized model's diagnostic performance in detecting PAS disorders. In the training cohort, our model combining both radiomics and clinical characteristics yielded an accuracy of 0.771, a sensitivity of 0.854, and a specificity of 0.750 in identifying PAS disorders. In the testing cohort, this model achieved a segmentation mean Dice coefficient of 0.890 and yielded an accuracy of 0.825, a sensitivity of 0.830 and a specificity of 0.822. In the external validation cohort, this computer-aided diagnostic model yielded an accuracy of 0.690, a sensitivity of 0.929 and a specificity of 0.467 in identifying placenta increta. In the present study, a machine learning model based on preoperative T2WI-based imaging had high accuracy in identifying PAS disorders in respect of surgical and histological findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to establish a computerized diagnostic model to predict placenta accrete spectrum (PAS) disorders based on T2-weighted MR imaging. We recruited pregnant women with clinically suspected PAS disorders between January 2015 and December 2018 in our institution. All preoperative T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) MR images were manually outlined on the picture archive communication system terminal server. A nnU-Net network for automatic segmentation and the corresponding radiomics features extracted from the segmented region were applied to build a radiomics-clinical model for PAS disorders identification. Taking the surgical or pathological findings as the reference standard, we compared this computerized model's diagnostic performance in detecting PAS disorders. In the training cohort, our model combining both radiomics and clinical characteristics yielded an accuracy of 0.771, a sensitivity of 0.854, and a specificity of 0.750 in identifying PAS disorders. In the testing cohort, this model achieved a segmentation mean Dice coefficient of 0.890 and yielded an accuracy of 0.825, a sensitivity of 0.830 and a specificity of 0.822. In the external validation cohort, this computer-aided diagnostic model yielded an accuracy of 0.690, a sensitivity of 0.929 and a specificity of 0.467 in identifying placenta increta. In the present study, a machine learning model based on preoperative T2WI-based imaging had high accuracy in identifying PAS disorders in respect of surgical and histological findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to establish a computerized diagnostic model to predict placenta accrete spectrum (PAS) disorders based on T2-weighted MR imaging. We recruited pregnant women with clinically suspected PAS disorders between January 2015 and December 2018 in our institution. All preoperative T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) MR images were manually outlined on the picture archive communication system terminal server. A nnU-Net network for automatic segmentation and the corresponding radiomics features extracted from the segmented region were applied to build a radiomics-clinical model for PAS disorders identification. Taking the surgical or pathological findings as the reference standard, we compared this computerized model's diagnostic performance in detecting PAS disorders. In the training cohort, our model combining both radiomics and clinical characteristics yielded an accuracy of 0.771, a sensitivity of 0.854, and a specificity of 0.750 in identifying PAS disorders. In the testing cohort, this model achieved a segmentation mean Dice coefficient of 0.890 and yielded an accuracy of 0.825, a sensitivity of 0.830 and a specificity of 0.822. In the external validation cohort, this computer-aided diagnostic model yielded an accuracy of 0.690, a sensitivity of 0.929 and a specificity of 0.467 in identifying placenta increta. In the present study, a machine learning model based on preoperative T2WI-based imaging had high accuracy in identifying PAS disorders in respect of surgical and histological findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to establish a computerized diagnostic model to predict placenta accrete spectrum (PAS) disorders based on T2-weighted MR imaging. We recruited pregnant women with clinically suspected PAS disorders between January 2015 and December 2018 in our institution. All preoperative T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) MR images were manually outlined on the picture archive communication system terminal server. A nnU-Net network for automatic segmentation and the corresponding radiomics features extracted from the segmented region were applied to build a radiomics-clinical model for PAS disorders identification. Taking the surgical or pathological findings as the reference standard, we compared this computerized model's diagnostic performance in detecting PAS disorders. In the training cohort, our model combining both radiomics and clinical characteristics yielded an accuracy of 0.771, a sensitivity of 0.854, and a specificity of 0.750 in identifying PAS disorders. In the testing cohort, this model achieved a segmentation mean Dice coefficient of 0.890 and yielded an accuracy of 0.825, a sensitivity of 0.830 and a specificity of 0.822. In the external validation cohort, this computer-aided diagnostic model yielded an accuracy of 0.690, a sensitivity of 0.929 and a specificity of 0.467 in identifying placenta increta. In the present study, a machine learning model based on preoperative T2WI-based imaging had high accuracy in identifying PAS disorders in respect of surgical and histological findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the research on the new ground anchor counterfort grille dam is not perfect. In order to analyze and design the new grille dam accurately and reasonably, it is necessary to carry out theoretical research on the internal force calculation of the overall coordination of the grille beam-column under the impact of debris flow. Under the condition of full reservoir of debris flow, the grille beam-column meets the working principle of elastic foundation beam; therefore, the equation of the overall cooperative work of the grille beam-column is derived based upon Winkler's theory of elastic foundation beam. Finally, combined with the engineering example, this calculation method is used for analysis; the results show that the bending moment of the grille beam-column increases compared with that regardless of considering the overall coordination, and the increased value of the bending moment at the bottom of the grille column and the middle of the grille beam is the largest. Therefore, from the perspective of safety, the overall coordination cannot be ignored when designing a blocking dam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a continuous self-map f on a compact metric space X, we provide two simple examples: the first confirms that shadowing of (X, f) is not inherited by (M (X) , f ^) in general, and the other satisfies that both (X, f) and (M (X) , f ^) have no Li–Yorke pair, where M (X) be the space of all Borel probability measures on X. Then we prove that chain transitivity of (X, f) implies chain mixing of (M (X) , f ^) , and provide an example to deny the converse. For a non-autonomous system (X , f 0 , ∞) , we prove that weak mixing of (M (X) , f ^ 0 , ∞) implies that of (X , f 0 , ∞) , and give an example to deny the converse, where f 0 , ∞ = { f n } n = 0 ∞ is a sequence of continuous self-maps on X. We also prove that if f n is surjective for all n ≥ 0 , then chain mixing of (M (X) , f ^ 0 , ∞) always holds true, and shadowing of (M (X) , f ^ 0 , ∞) implies mixing of (X , f 0 , ∞) . If X = I is an interval, we obtain a sharp condition such that transitivity is equivalent between (I, f) and (M (I) , f ^) . Although (M (I) , f ^) has infinite topological entropy for any transitive system (I, f), we give an example such that (I , f 0 , ∞) is transitive but (M (I) , f ^ 0 , ∞) has zero topological entropy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Workability and early-ages mechanical properties are important indicators of magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC) as a repair material. The effect of metakaolin (MK) on the setting time, fluidity and early-ages strength of MKPC paste was studied, and its influence mechanism was analyzed through pore structure, microstructure and nanomechanical properties. The results show that 10% and 20% of MK prolong the setting time of MKPC paste, but excessive MK shortens the setting time of MKPC paste. Meanwhile, incorporating MK reduces the fluidity of MKPC paste, and the early-ages strength of MKPC specimens increases when the substitution ratio of MK is 10%. When 10% of MK is incorporated to the MKPC paste, the 30-d shrinkage of the sample is only 69% of the control group. Meanwhile, a proper amount of MK can improve the pore structure of the MKPC specimen and make its microstructure denser by generating amorphous aluminosilicate phosphate gel. It is observed from the nano-scale characteristics that incorporating 10% MK can reduce the content of pore phase and unreacted MgO phase, and increase the volume fraction of hydration products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]