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Background With the change of people's environment and diet structure, acute gouty arthritis (AGA) has become a common clinical disease, which is prone to recurrence, causing harm to patients' health. Pricking-bloodletting therapy combined with Zhuang-medicine-thread moxibustion (moxibustion with a threat prepared with Zhuang herbal medicine) has proven to have a definite therapeutic effect on AGA clinically, but the mechanism of action is not very clear. Objective To assess the effect of pricking-bloodletting therapy combined with Zhuang-medicine-thread moxibustion on toll-like receptors /myeloid differentiation factor 88 (TLRs/MyD88) signal pathway in a rat model of AGA to explore the mechanism of action of this treatment in AGA. Methods The experiment lasted from May 2021 to March 2022, sixty SD rats were equally randomized into 6 groups: blank group, model group, pricking-bloodletting group, medicated thread group, colchicine group and pricking-bloodletting with medicated thread group. Except for the blank group, the other groups received sodium urate suspension injected into the right ankle cavity to prepare the AGA model. Twenty-four hours after the modelling, colchicine group received intragastric administration of colchicine suspension, pricking-bloodletting group received bloodletting after pricking the Ashi acupoint with a needle, medicated thread group received Zhuang-medicine-thread moxibustion at the site of lesion, and pricking-bloodletting with medicated thread group first received bloodletting after pricking the Ashi acupoint with a needle, then Zhuang-medicine-thread moxibustion at the site of lesion. The swelling degree of the right ankle joint was observed at 6, 12, 24 h and 72 h after modeling. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the synovium of the right ankle joint. The serum levels of interleukin (IL) -10, IL-8 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were determined by ELISA. The expressions of MyD88 and IKK-β in the synovium of the right ankle were detected by western blotting. Results The transverse diameter of right lateral malleolus in model group, pricking-bloodletting group, medicated thread group or colchicine group was larger than that in blank group at 6, 12, 24, 48 h and 72 h after modeling (P

Seedling greening is essential for the survival of plants emerging from the soil. The abundance of chlorophyll precursors, including protochlorophyllide (Pchlide), is precisely controlled during the dark-to-light transition, as over-accumulation of Pchlide can lead to cellular photooxidative damage. Previous studies have identified and characterized multiple regulators controlling this important process. HID1 (hidden treasure 1) is the first noncoding RNA (ncRNA) found in photomorphogenesis. Under continuous red light, HID1 has been shown to inhibit hypocotyl elongation by repressing the transcription of PIF3 (phytochrome interacting factor 3). Here, we report that HID1 acts as a negative regulator of cotyledon greening. Knockdown of HID1 resulted in an increased greening rate of etiolated seedlings relative to wild type when exposed to white light. Genetically, HID1 acts downstream of PIF3 during the dark-to-light transition. The expression of HID1 is not regulated by PIF3 in the dark. Molecularly, the Pchlide content was reduced in dark-grown hid1 mutants than WT. Meanwhile, transcript levels of the protochlorophyllide oxidoreductases known to catalyze Pchlide to chlorophyllide conversion were significantly increased in hid1 seedlings. Thus, our study reveals an additional role of HID1 in the dark-to-light transition in Arabidopsis. Moreover, these results suggest HID1 could regulate distinct targets in different light-mediated developmental processes, and thus is essential to the control of these mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histone modifications affect gene expression, but the mechanism and biological consequence of natural variation in histone modifications remain unclear. Here, we generated genome-wide integrated maps of H3K27me3 modification and transcriptome for Col, C24 and their F1 hybrid. A total of 1,828 genomic regions showing variation in H3K27me3 modification between Col and C24 were identified, most of which were associated with genic regions. Natural variation of H3K27me3 modification between parents could result in allelic bias of H3K27me3 in hybrids. Furthermore, we found that H3K27me3 variation between Col and C24 was negatively correlated with gene expression differences between two accessions, especially with those arising from the cis-effect. Importantly, mutation of CLF, an Arabidopsis methyltransferase for H3K27, altered gene expression patterns between the parents. Together, these data provide insights into natural variation of histone modifications and their association with gene expression differences between Arabidopsis ecotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important model plant species in photomorphogenesis research. Ultraviolet B (UV‐B) induces the dissociation of homodimers of the photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS8 (UVR8) into monomers, which translocate into the nucleus. Nuclear accumulation of UVR8 is a prerequisite for its signaling function. Previous studies have reported that SUPPRESSOR OF PHYTOCHROME A‐105 (SPA) family members may regulate UV‐B signaling in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana); however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we show that the tomato genome encodes four SPA (SlSPA) orthologs. Genome‐edited Slspa3 mutants exhibited enhanced photomorphogenic responses in white light, suggesting that SlSPA3 inhibits general photomorphogenesis. By contrast, UVR8‐mediated gene expression in response to UV‐B was compromised in Slspa3 mutants, suggesting that SlSPA3 promotes UV‐B signaling. UV‐B‐induced nuclear accumulation of UVR8, which is essential for UV‐B signaling, was reduced in the Slspa3 mutants. Moreover, UV‐B‐induced nuclear accumulation of UVR8 was also reduced in the Arabidopsis spa1 spa2 spa3 and spa1 spa2 spa4 triple mutants, indicating a conserved mechanism in these two species. Notably, spa1 spa2 spa4 exhibited normal UV‐B‐induced interaction between UVR8 and the plant morphogenesis repressor CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1). This suggests that the well‐established mechanisms of UVR8 nuclear retention remained unaffected in spa1 spa2 spa4. Thus, our work uncovered a potentially unrecognized mechanism by which SPA proteins regulate UV‐B signaling through the promotion of UVR8 nuclear abundance in land plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]