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Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of adenovirus（ADV） pneumonia in children. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the general data, symptoms, signs, auxiliary examination, treatment and prognosis of 1046 children with ADV pneumonia hospitalized in Jiangxi Children‘s Hospital from 2010 to 2019. They were divided into severe ADV pneumonia group（n=705,67.4%） and non-serious ADV pneumonia group（n=341,32.6%） according to the severity of the disease. The above clinical data were compared between two groups. Results The ratio of male to female was 1.5 to 1. The children aged 6 months to 2 years accounted for 47.2% . There were 189 cases（18.1%） with underlying diseases, 1024 cases（97.9%） with fever, 883 cases（84.4%） with fever peak of more than 39℃,747（71.4%） cases with heat duration of more than 7 days, 846（80.9%） cases with cough and 784（75.0%） cases with asthma. Moist rale was audible in 930 cases（88.9%）, and wheezing was audible in 795 cases（76.0%）. There were 550 cases（52.6%） with white blood cell counts(WBC) of more than 12×109/L, 435 cases（41.6% ） with C-reaction protein(CRP) concentration of more than 20mg/L and 348 cases（49.0%） with procalcitonin level more than 0.5ng/mL among 710 children receiving serum procalcitonin test. Chest X-ray showed pulmonary consolidation in most patients. Bronchoscopy findings suggested endobronchial inflammation in 218 cases（98.6%） among 221 children undergoing bronchoscopy. The hormone therapy was given in 542 cases（51.8%）, 662 cases（63.3% ） received immunoglobulin therapy, and 486 cases（46.5%） received mechanical ventilation. The cure and improvement rate was 92.1%, the sequelae occurred in 156 cases（14.9%）, and 149 cases（14.2%） had bronchiolitis obliterans. In severe ADV pneumonia group, the proportion of patients of male, from rural area, with hospital acquired infection and fever and the levels of CRP and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) were significantly higher than those in non-severe group（P

The phase modulator is a key component in optical communications for its phase modulation functions. In this paper, we numerically demonstrate a variety of ultra-compact high-efficiency graphene phase modulators (GPMs) based on metal–nanoribbon integrated hybrid plasmonic waveguides in the near-infrared region. Benefiting from the good in-plane mode polarization matching and strong hybrid surface plasmon polariton and graphene interaction, the 20 μm-length GPM can achieve excellent phase modulation performance with a good phase and amplitude decoupling effect, a low insertion loss around 0.3 dB/μm, a high modulation efficiency with VπLπ of 118.67 V μm at 1.55 μm, which is 1–3 orders improvement compared to the state-of-the-art graphene modulators. Furthermore, it has a wide modulation bandwidth of 67.96 GHz, a low energy consumption of 157.49 fJ/bit, and a wide operating wavelength ranging from 1.3 to 1.8 μm. By reducing the overlap width of the graphene–Al2O3–graphene capacitor, the modulation bandwidth and energy consumption of the modulator can be further improved to 370.36 GHz and 30.22 fJ/bit, respectively. These compact and energy-efficient GPMs may hold a key to various high-speed telecommunications, interconnects, and other graphene-based integrated photonics applications.

Background: Previous research has identified a significant role of Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) in bone loss. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the role and the underlying molecular mechanisms of TXNIP in the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) and pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells. Methods: Human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs) and MC3T3-E1 cells were used to induce osteogenic differentiation. The expression of genes and proteins was assessed using RT-qPCR and western blot, respectively. ChIP assay was used to validate the interaction between genes. The osteogenic differentiation ability of cells was reflected using ALP staining and detection of ALP activity. The mineralization ability of cells was assessed using ARS staining. DCFCA staining was employed to evaluate the intracellular ROS level. Results: Initially, downregulation of TXNIP and upregulation of EZH2 were observed during osteogenesis in hBMSCs and MC3T3-E1 cells. Additionally, it was discovered that EZH2 negatively regulates TXNIP expression in these cells. Furthermore, experiments indicated that the knockdown of TXNIP stimulated the activation of the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway in hBMSCs and MC3T3- E1 cells, thus inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Further functional experiments revealed that overexpression of TXNIP inhibited the osteogenic differentiation in hBMSCs and MC3T3-E1 cells by enhancing ROS produc-tion. On the other hand, knockdown of TXNIP promoted the osteogenic differentiation capacity of hBMSCs and MC3T3-E1 cells through the activation of the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study demonstrated that TXNIP expression, under the regulation of EZH2, plays a crucial role in the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs and MC3T3-E1 cells by regulating ROS production and the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]