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The stable and efficient operation of rail transit networks (RTNs) is critical for the integrated development of metropolitan areas. However, numerous studies have indicated that RTNs are prone to large-scale cascading failures when subjected to disturbances. To address the limitations of traditional cascading failure models, this paper proposes an innovative cascading failure model for metropolitan areas RTNs, which incorporates nonlinear load fluctuations and the bounded rationality of passengers. This model aims to capture the cascading failure characteristics of RTNs with chaotic properties under 12 combination strategies. A single- and dual-parameter coupling analysis of chaotic evolution parameters and prospect theory parameters are conducted. Taking the RTN in the Chengdu metropolitan area as an example, both the static characteristics and cascading failure features of the network are analyzed. The findings reveal the following: (i) the RTN is a assortativity network and lacks small-world and scale-free properties. (ii) During network disturbances, a higher level of passenger familiarity with the network increases the likelihood of large-scale cascading failures. (iii) When passengers tend to avoid risks, stations with higher carrying capacity are more prone to failures. This study holds significant implications for ensuring the stable and reliable operation of rail transit systems within metropolitan areas., Author(s): Changfeng Zhu [1]; Zhaoxin Tang (corresponding author) [1]; Chun An [1]; Jinhao Fang [1]; Jie Wang [1]; Linna Cheng [1,2] 1. Introduction The rise of intelligent transportation systems has [...]

Vehicle lane‐changing behaviour is often regarded as transient traffic behaviour while ignoring behavioural characteristics of the lane‐changing process. A combined prediction model based on wavelet transform (WT) and dual‐channel neural network (DCNN) is proposed to explore the selection behaviour of lane‐changing distance by taking lane‐changing behaviour in an urban inter‐tunnel weaving section. Firstly, the extracted lane‐changing data are analysed for correlation and noise reduction, and the main factors affecting lane‐changing distance are taken as input variables of the model. The trajectory data of the inter‐tunnel weaving section of the "Jiuhuashan‐Xi'anmen" tunnel in Nanjing, China, are used to improve the prediction of vehicle lane‐changing distance by training the model. The results show that the proposed WT‐DCNN model has high prediction performance when compared with existing artificial neural network (ANN), DCNN and wavelet neural network (WNN) models. The characterization and study of the typical lane‐changing behaviour in the weaving section can lay the theoretical foundation for the development of an urban inter‐tunnel weaving section management scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During peak passenger flow periods, congestion propagation directly affects the operational safety and efficiency of multi-mode rail transit interconnections. By analyzing the key factors affecting congestion propagation, such as the train stop schedule, and considering parameters such as the basic reproduction number and propagation threshold, this study proposes a multi-mode rail transit susceptible-infected-recovered-susceptible (MRT-SIRS) epidemic model to analyze passenger flow congestion propagation. Simulation experiments and sensitivity analyses using data from the multi-mode rail transit in Beijing, China, were conducted to examine the influence mechanism of key factors on congestion propagation. The degree of influence of each factor was investigated using Gray correlation analysis. Each key factor, including the propagation and recovery rates, influences congestion propagation differently. The results of this study may provide theoretical support for the efficient operation and management of multi-mode rail transit systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer (GC) play a vital role in improving efficacy, reducing mortality and prolonging patients' lives. Given the importance of early detection of gastric cancer, an electrochemical biosensor was developed for the ultrasensitive detection of miR-19b-3p by integrating MoS2-based nanozymes, hybridization chain reaction (HCR) with enzyme catalyzed reaction. The as-prepared MoS2-based nanocomposites were used as substrate materials to construct nanoprobes, which can simultaneously load probe DNA and HCR initiator for signal amplification. Moreover, the MoS2-based nanocomposites are also employed as nanozymes to amplify electrochemical response. The presence of miR-19b-3p induced the assembly of MoS2-based nanoprobes on the electrode surface, which can activate in-situ HCR reaction to load a large number of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) for signal amplification. Coupling with the co-catalytic ability of HRP and MoS2-based nanozymes, the designed electrochemical biosensor can detect as low as 0.7 aM miR-19b-3p. More importantly, this biosensor can efficiently analyze miR-19b-3p in clinical samples from healthy people and gastric cancer patients due to its excellent sensitivity and selectivity, suggesting that this biosensor has a potential application in early diagnosis of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The marshalling scheme is the foundation to match the operation mode and passenger flow characteristics of metro in different periods, and it is also the key problem that directly affects the cost of metro planning and construction and low-carbon operation. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the key factors affecting the metro marshalling scheme, a comprehensive evaluation index system and a two-step screening method are established. Based on the analysis of the difference of the impact of each index on the metro marshalling plan, a new evaluation model of the metro marshalling plan in the early and near future based on super-efficiency DEA is proposed. Finally, the feasibility and rationality of the evaluation and comparison model of the early, near and long-term subway marshalling scheme are verified and analyzed by examples. The results show that: (1) The fixed marshalling plan is a cost-energized plan, which requires higher equipment cost and operation input, while the modified marshalling plan is a technology-energized plan; by improving the management and technical level, the effective output of capacity matching and passenger time satisfaction can be achieved. (2) The advantages and disadvantages of modified marshalling scheme and fixed marshalling scheme are dynamic to a certain extent, comprehensive judgment should be made according to the specific conditions of the line, the financial situation of the city or enterprise, the operation management and the technical level. The theoretical method of comparison and selection of early, near and long-term metro marshalling schemes presented in this paper is applicable to many practical scenarios and has certain practicability, which can provide certain theoretical reference for the standardization of comparison and selection of early, near and long-term metro marshalling schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic wounds impose significant burdens on patients' quality of life and healthcare resources due to impaired healing potential. Factors like hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, impaired angiogenesis and excessive inflammation contribute to the delayed healing trajectory. Mounting evidence indicates a close association between impaired mitochondrial function and diabetic complications, including chronic wounds. Mitochondria are critical for providing energy essential to wound healing processes. However, mitochondrial dysfunction exacerbates other pathological factors, creating detrimental cycles that hinder healing. This study conducted correlation analysis using clinical specimens, revealing a positive correlation between mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, inflammatory response and impaired angiogenesis in diabetic wounds. Restoring mitochondrial function becomes imperative for developing targeted therapies. Herein, we synthesized a biodegradable poly (glycerol sebacate)‐based multiblock hydrogel, named poly (glycerol sebacate)‐co‐poly (ethylene glycol)‐co‐poly (propylene glycol) (PEPGS), which can be degraded in vivo to release glycerol, a crucial component in cellular metabolism, including mitochondrial respiration. We demonstrate the potential of PEPGS‐based hydrogels to improve outcomes in diabetic wound healing by revitalizing mitochondrial metabolism. Furthermore, we investigate the underlying mechanism through proteomics analysis, unravelling the regulation of ATP and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic processes, biosynthetic process and generation during mitochondrial metabolism. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of PEPGS‐based hydrogels as advanced wound dressings for diabetic wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is crucial to provide adequate iodine nutrition to infants and toddlers for proper thyroid function and subsequent brain development. Infants are particularly vulnerable to iodine deficiency during the transition from a milk-based diet (breast milk and/or infant formula) to solid food. This study examines the current iodine levels of children during their first two years of life and investigates the association between these levels and feeding behaviors and the iodine status of their mothers in Shanghai, a city located in eastern China. A hospital-based cohort study was conducted to enroll mother–child pairs, where the child is aged 6–23 months, who visited community health service centers in the 16 districts of Shanghai, China. Data on socio-demographic factors and feeding behavior data were collected from the participants. The urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in both the young children and their mothers were analyzed. A total of 2282 mother–child pairs were included in this analysis. The median (p25–p75) UIC for lactating women, weaning women, and children were 121.3 μg/L (68.1–206.4 μg/L), 123.4 μg/L (58.4–227.2 μg/L), and 152.1 μg/L (75.8–268.3 μg/L), respectively. The UIC in children was found to be higher than that in their mothers (p < 0.001). Children who consumed less than 500 mL per day of formula milk in the last week had lower UICs compared with those who consumed 500 mL per day or more (p = 0.026). Furthermore, the children's UIC was positively correlated with the maternal UIC (rs = 0.285, p < 0.001). Multiple quantile regression analysis revealed a statistically significant positive association between maternal UIC and children's UIC between the 0.1 and 0.9 quantiles (all p < 0.001). We found that the iodine status of infants and toddlers, as well as of mothers, was sufficient. However, a large minority of children and mothers may be at risk of iodine deficiency. Furthermore, no associations between children's UIC and feeding behaviors were observed. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between the UIC of young children and their mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on discrete dynamic optimization on train rescheduling on single-track railway with the consideration of train punctuality and station satisfaction degree. A discrete dynamic system is firstly described to mimic train rescheduling, and a state transition function is specially designed according to the train departure event. The purpose of this function is to improve simulation efficiency by directly confirming the next discrete time. After the construction and analysis of optimization models to discrete dynamic system, a two-stage heuristic search strategy is developed, by using clustering hierarchy theory and stochastic search strategy, to obtain train departure time and arrival time before each state transition of the system. Finally, a numerical experiment is conducted to verify the proposed system, models, and the heuristic search strategy. The result shows that the discrete dynamic system, together with the state transition function and heuristic search strategy, shows better performance in simulation efficiency and solution quality., Author(s): Zhengkun Zhang [1]; Changfeng Zhu (corresponding author) [1]; Wenhu Ma [1] 1. Introduction Railway transportation plays a significant role in transportation market. Due to the large scale of railway [...]

Polynucleotide kinase (PNK) is a key enzyme that is necessary for ligation-based DNA repair. The activity assay and inhibitor screening for PNK may contribute to the prediction and improvement of tumor treatment sensitivity, respectively. Herein, we developed a simple, low-background, and label-free method for both T4 PNK activity detection and inhibitor screening by combining a designed ligation-triggered T7 transcriptional amplification system and a crafty light-up malachite green aptamer. Moreover, this method successfully detected PNK activity in the complex biological matrix with satisfactory outcomes, indicating its great potential in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate short‐term forecast of metro outbound passenger flow is of great significance for real‐time traffic control and guidance. A good forecast method should have high accuracy, timeliness and practicality. Based on deep learning and ensemble learning technology, this study proposes an end‐to‐end forecast hybrid architecture for metro outbound passenger flow that integrates multiple passenger flow features. The architecture innovatively integrates bagging ensemble learning strategy and transfer learning with deep learning, and includes multiple extensible passenger flow feature processing components. In addition, this study presents a new coding method to incorporate the operating characteristics of the metro into the forecasting architecture. Use the automatic fare collection (AFC) data of Chengdu Metro Tianfu Square Station for training and verify the forecast architecture on workdays, weekends and holidays. The results reveal that compared with other widely used passenger flow forecast models, the architecture proposed in this study has achieved the highest forecast accuracy in the above‐mentioned different time types. Furthermore, the fusion of transfer learning improves the accuracy of forecast model while significantly speeding up the convergence of training, increasing its timeliness and practicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C70 is the second most abundant fullerene next to C60. In this work, the exploration of C70 based electrides is proposed by theoretical encapsulation of group I/II trimetallic clusters into the C70 cage. Herein, we provide computational evidence that endohedral metallofullerenes M3@C70 (M = Li, Na, K, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) can exist stably by calculating encapsulation energies and analyzing atom centered density matrix propagation molecular dynamics simulations. According to the results of the atoms in molecules analysis, electron localization functions and nonlinear optical properties, M3@C70 (M = Li, Be, Mg, Ca) fullerenes are identified as electrides. Interestingly, Li3@C70 and Be3@C70 are the systems with better electride performances among alkali metal and alkaline earth metal systems, respectively. It is worth noting that C70 can improve the polarizability and first hyperpolarizability of electrides compared with C60. Our work unearths the potential of M3@C70 electride systems and paves the way for the research of C70-based electrides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]