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Abstract Background Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental contaminants that can cause a variety of health problems. This study sought to determine whether there was a relationship between PAHs and current asthma in adults. Methods This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2016 and employed multifactor logistic regression, subgroup analyses, and smoothed curve fitting to examine the linear and nonlinear associations between PAHs and current asthma. Results A total of 8729 adult participants were included in the study. We found a linear positive association between current asthma and the six PAHs. In the fully adjusted model, log 3-Hydroxyfluorene, log 2-Hydroxyfluorene, and log 1-Hydroxypyrene remained significantly associated with current asthma. Subgroup analyses stratified by smoking status, gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) showed consistent associations between PAHs and current asthma, with some subgroups displaying stronger positive correlations. Specifically, positive correlations between log 1-Hydroxynaphthalene, log 3-Hydroxyfluorene, and log 2-Hydroxyfluorene with current asthma were independently significant in smokers. Among women, log 3-Hydroxyfluorene and log 2-Hydroxyfluorene were also significantly associated with current asthma. In participants with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, log 1-Hydroxynaphthalene, log 2-Hydroxynaphthalene, and log 1-Hydroxypyrene were significantly correlated with current asthma. For individuals aged 20–40 years, log 3-Hydroxyfluorene and log 1-Hydroxypyrene showed independent associations with current asthma, with age modifying the relationship between log 1-Hydroxypyrene and current asthma (p for interaction

Stringent fire prevention requirements are imperative in expansive environments. Fire detection in diverse large-scale settings typically relies on sensor-based or AI-driven target detection methods. Traditional fire detectors often suffer from false alarms and missed detections, failing to meet the fire safety requirements of large-scale structures. Many existing target detection algorithms are characterized by substantial model sizes. Some detection terminals in large structures face challenges deploying these models due to constrained computational resources. To address this issue, we propose a lightweight model, YOLOv8-EMSC, derived from YOLOv8n. The incorporation of C2f_EMSC, replacing the C2f module, significantly reduces the model parameters in the enhanced YOLOv8-EMSC model compared to YOLOv8n, thereby enhancing model inference speed. Extensive testing and validation using a custom-built large-scale infrared fire dataset demonstrates a 9.6 % reduction in parameters compared to the baseline model for YOLOv8-EMSC, achieving an average precision of 95.6 %, surpassing both the baseline and mainstream models and significantly enhancing fire detection accuracy in expansive environments.

Background The elderly colorectal cancer population has a high prevalence and complex condition, and postoperative rehabilitation faces various challenges. It is of great significance to construct a scientific, practical and comprehensive postoperative health management program for colorectal cancer in the elderly to improve patients' health. Objective To construct a comprehensive health management program for elderly postoperative colorectal cancer patients, and provide reference for postoperative rehabilitation of elderly colorectal cancer patients. Methods Based on literature review and qualitative interviews, the management program for elderly postoperative colorectal cancer patients was initially formulated. The Delphi method was used to conduct 2 rounds of correspondence with 16 experts from tertiary hospitals in Nanjing and Shanghai. The motivation degree of the experts was evaluated based on questionnaire recovery rate and text revision rate. Furthermore, the authority coefficient was used to evaluate the degree of expert authority, while the coefficient of variation and Kendall's W coefficient were used to evaluate the coordination of expert opinions. Based on opinions and discussion of experts, the ultimate formation of the health management program for elderly postoperative colorectal cancer patients was constructed after adjusting the content of entries. Results The recovery rates of the two rounds of expert correspondence were 94.12% and 100.00%, respectively. The text revision rates were 56.25%, and the authority coefficient was 0.91. The mean importance scores of items in the two rounds of the consultation ranged from 3.81 to 5.00 and 4.13 to 5.00, with the coefficients of variation from 0 to 0.24 and 0 to 0.20. The Kendall's W coefficients of expert opinions were 0.211 and 0.222, respectively (P

Aiming at the lack of effective analysis and identification of operational area in the traditional battlefield situation awareness process, a method of aerial battlefield target trajectory analysis method for operational area extraction is proposed. Firstly, based on the improved Douglas-Peucker algorithm, the featured trajectory is extracted based on the original target trajectory, thus reducing the trajectory redundant information. Secondly, the clustering by fast search and find of density peaks (CFSFDP) algorithm is used to cluster the featured trajectory, which obtains multiple featured points clusters. Finally, each featured points cluster is scanned based on Graham's convex hull algorithm to obtain closed polygons to characterize the combat areas. The feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm model are verified by several case simulations.

BackgroundAsthma exacerbation is associated with obesity and systemic inflammatory diseases, and advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) is a novel biomarker of nutritional inflammation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential relationship between ALI and unstable asthma.MethodsThis cross-sectional study utilized data from the 2007–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Asthma was assessed through self-reported questionnaires. Multifactorial logistic regression, subgroup analyses, interaction assessments, smoothed curve fitting, and threshold effect analysis models were conducted to investigate the association between ALI and unstable asthma.ResultsThe study included 1,822 subjects with current asthma, and we found a linear positive association between ALI and unstable asthma, with higher levels of ALI significantly associated with an increased risk of asthma exacerbations in fully corrected models. However, the associations were not entirely consistent across subgroups. In subgroup analyses by body mass index (BMI) and race, unstable asthma and ALI were independently significant in the BMI (25–29.9) range and the Non-Hispanic White group. Interaction analysis suggested that BMI moderated the relationship between ALI and unstable asthma. Furthermore, smoothed curve fitting showed an inverted U-shaped relationship between log ALI and unstable asthma in subjects with a BMI

The incidence of cardiometabolic disease is increasing globally, with a trend toward younger age of onset. Among these, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite the efficacy of traditional lipid-lowering drugs, such as statins, in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, a significant residual risk of cardiovascular events remains, which is closely related to unmet triglyceride (TG) targets. The clinical application of current TG-lowering Western medicines has certain limitations, necessitating alternative or complementary therapeutic strategies. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and plant-derived natural products, known for their safety owing to their natural origins and diverse biological activities, offer promising avenues for TG regulation with potentially fewer side effects. This review systematically summarises the mechanisms of TG metabolism and subsequently reviews the regulatory effects of TCM and plant-derived natural products on TG metabolism, including the inhibition of TG synthesis (via endogenous and exogenous pathways), promotion of TG catabolism, regulation of fatty acid absorption and transport, enhancement of lipophagy, modulation of the gut microbiota, and other mechanisms. In conclusion, through a comprehensive analysis of recent studies, this review consolidates the multifaceted regulatory roles of TCM and plant-derived natural products in TG metabolism and elucidates their potential as safer, multi-target therapeutic agents in managing hypertriglyceridemia and mitigating cardiovascular risk, thereby providing a basis for new drug development.

The existing modulation recognition algorithms based on deep learning theory require a large number of IQ signal samples during the training phase. It is difficult to obtain a large number of samples in complex electromagnetic environments, resulting in a decrease in the generalization performance of modulation recognition algorithms based on deep learning. A signal enhancement based modulation recognition (SEBMR) algorithm was proposed to address the issue of poor network generalization ability. Firstly, a feature extraction and reconstruction module was designed to capture the global features of IQ signals. Secondly, an IQ signal enhancement network based on auxiliary classifier generative adversarial network (ACGAN) was proposed to achieve dual enhancement of sample quantity and quality. Finally, the support vector machine algorithm was employed to achieve modulation recognition and classification. To achieve recognition of debugging signals in complex channels, reconstructed signals representing global features were for training, and IQ baseband signals which experienced wireless fading were used for testing. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve better recognition accuracy performance in small sample training sets and fading channel environments compared to existing recognition methods based on long short-term memory (LSTM), convolutional neural network (CNN), attention mechanism, etc.

With the development of new weapon systems and the application of intelligent technology in military fields, the research of intelligent situation awareness technology has become the hot spot among military powers. Firstly, the concepts of situation awareness and intelligent situation awareness are introduced. Secondly, In view of the characteristics of modern warfare, five critical demands of intelligent situation awareness are analyzed, including intelligent combat system of system analysis, intelligent awareness of combat window, combat situation evolution and prediction, intelligent cognition production representation, and intelligent combat situation retrospective. With domestic and foreign research literature, the key technologies and countermeasures involved are analyzed. The relevant results have certain reference significance for the future development and technological breakthroughs of intelligent situation awareness.

Abstract Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising interventional treatment approach that contributes to antitumor immunity. It has been reported that PDT can enhance the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), but its mechanism is yet unclear. Herein, we implemented bioinformatics analysis to detect common pathways and potential biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), PDT, and NSCLC immunotherapy to investigate potential links between PDT, immunotherapy and NSCLC, and their clinical impact. Methods Differentially expressed genes in NSCLC- and NSCLC immunotherapy-related data in the GEO database were intersected with PDT-related genes in the GeneCards database to obtain candidate genes and shared pathways. Enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction were established to identify key genes in functionally enriched pathways. The expression profiles and the prognostic significance of key genes were depicted. Results Bioinformatics analysis showed that HIF-1α was screened as a prognostic gene in hypoxia, HIF-1, and PD-L1-related signaling pathways, which was associated with clinical response in NSCLC patients after PDT and immunotherapy. In vivo experiments showed that PDT could inhibit tumor growth and upregulate HIF-1α and PD-L1 expressions in NSCLC tissues with a positive correlation, which might influence the blocking activity of ICIs on the HIF-1, and PD-L1-related signaling pathways. Conclusions PDT might improve the clinical response of ICIs by upregulating tumor HIF-1α and PD-L1 expressions in NSCLC.

In recent years, countries worldwide have actively advocated electric vehicles for environmental protection. However, restrictions on the driving range and charging have hampered the promotion of electric vehicles. This study proposes a portable, auxiliary photovoltaic power system based on a foldable scissors mechanism for electric vehicles. The system includes a photovoltaic power generation module and an electricity transfer module. The photovoltaic power generation module built based on a foldable scissors mechanism is five times smaller than in its unfolded state, improving its portability in its folded state. The electricity transfer module transfers electricity into the cabin via wireless power transfer units and stores electricity in supercapacitors. Solar simulation experiments were conducted to evaluate the system's performance: maximum output power of 1.736 W is measured when the load is 5 Ω, while maximum wireless power transfer efficiency is up to 57.7% with 10 Ω load. An electric vehicle in Chengdu city was simulated for a case study. The results show that the annual output of a single photovoltaic power system can drive the MINIEV for 423.625 km, indicating that the proposed system would be able to supply power for electric vehicles as an auxiliary power supply system.

Abstract Background A considerable number of individuals infected with COVID-19 experience residual symptoms after the acute phase. However, the correlation between residual symptoms and psychological distress and underlying mechanisms are scarcely studied. We aim to explore the association between residual symptoms of COVID-19 and psychological distress, specifically depression, anxiety, and fear of COVID-19, and examine the role of risk perception and intolerance of uncertainty in the association. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted by online questionnaire-based approach in mid-January 2023. Self-reported demographic characteristics, COVID-19-related information, and residual symptoms were collected. Depression, anxiety, fear, risk perception and intolerance of uncertainty were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), COVID-19 Risk Perception Scale and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-12 (IUS-12), respectively. Linear regression analyses were conducted to explore the associations. A moderated mediation model was then constructed to examine the role of risk perception of COVID-19 and intolerance of uncertainty in the association between residual symptoms and psychological distress. Results 1735 participants effectively completed the survey. 34.9% of the patients experienced residual symptoms after acute phase of COVID-19. Psychological distress was markedly increased by COVID-19 infection, while residual symptoms had a significant impact on psychological distress (Ps

Abstract Background Depression and anxiety have been found prevalent during all phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. In late December 2022, almost all COVID-19 control measures were lifted in China, leading to a surge in COVID-19 infections. The public’s perceived risk and fear of COVID-19 would be increased. This study aims to examine the prevalence of depression and anxiety in the Chinese general population and explores the mediating role of fear of COVID-19 between COVID-19 perceived risk and depression/anxiety and the moderating role of resilience between fear of COVID-19 and depression/anxiety. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Wenzhou, China, immediately following almost all COVID-19 control measures lifted. The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the COVID-19 Risk Perception Scale, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used to evaluate depression, anxiety, COVID-19 perceived risk, fear of COVID-19, and resilience, respectively. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimator and adjusted for significant background factors was performed to test the moderated mediation. Data obtained from 935 participants were analyzed. Results The prevalence of moderate to severe depression and anxiety was 23.7% and 9.5%, respectively. The present study revealed positive associations among COVID-19 perceived risk, fear of COVID-19 and depression/anxiety, and negative associations between resilience and fear of COVID-19/depression/anxiety. Fear of COVID-19 partially mediated the association between COVID-19 perceived risk and depression/anxiety. Furthermore, resilience significantly moderated the association between fear of COVID-19 and depression/anxiety. Two moderated mediation models were constructed. Conclusion Depression and anxiety were prevalent among Chinese adults during the final phase of the pandemic in China. The significant mediation role of fear of COVID-19 implies that reducing fear of COVID-19 may effectively alleviate depression and anxiety symptoms. Moreover, enhancing public resilience during an epidemic crisis is crucial for promoting mental health.

Objective: To detect and locate the boundary line between paddy and brown rice in separation equipment. Methods: A method based on straight-line edge detection was proposed by performing model matching with different color features. Converted the resulting images to grayscale and applied the linear edge detection algorithm to locate the target position. Results: Our approach reduced the error to within 5% and significantly improved recognition accuracy compared to traditional methods. Conclusion: Proposed method has a small recognition error, making it suitable for identifying the boundary between paddy and brown rice.

Hyaluronic acid （HA）， a natural substance widely present in the human body， exhibits diverse physiological regulatory effects and is often found in the structurally stable form known as sodium hyaluronate （SH）. HA finds extensive use in the food industry. Many countries and regions， including Japan， the United States， and the European Union， permit the use of HA in common foods. In contrast， Korea allows HA only in healthy foods and beverages. In China， approval for HA （in the SH form） as a health food ingredient was granted in 2008， and its usage was expanded to general food in December 2020. This study provides an overview of the characteristics of the product， its oral efficacy， regulatory categories， production processes， scope of application， safety limits， and approved functional claims both domestically and internationally. The goal is to explore its applicability and potential market demand. Simultaneously， the status of relevant regulations and approved uses are organized and analyzed to offer a systematic reference for the research and development， regulation， and consumption of HA-related food products. The aim is to promote the rational use and development of HA in the food industry.

Objective: To solve the problem of unstable rice output quality caused by the lack of information exchange and coordinated control between equipment in the rice processing system. Methods: Based on the industrial internet of things technology, a five-layer architecture of the rice processing system was constructed, and the solutions to the technical problems existing in the network layer, decision layer and control layer of the architecture were proposed for the corresponding layer problems such as the wireless sensor network model based on machine vision, the fuzzy self-tuning control model based on differential evolutionary algorithm and the rubber roller synchronization control method of the huller. The hardware and software of the system were designed, the actual transformation of the hulling and milling section was carried out, and then early indica rice grains were selected for processing tests. Results: Compared with the traditional processing, the improved rice processing system increased the browning rate about 1%, the whole fine rice rate by about 1%, and the production energy consumption is reduced about 15%. Conclusion: The researched rice processing system based on IOT technology has implications for improving the intelligent transformation of process processing systems such as rice processing.

The contact of the closing resistance of a certain 1 100 kV circuit breaker is faulty. Two short bolts are falling off and two long bolts are broken and separated. By technical means of macro inspection， dimensional measurement， metallographic analysis and so on， the material， connection and operation conditions are discussed， the finite element analytical model with high precision is developed， and the fault cause is analyzed by considering the height difference of bolt hole between long bolt and short bolt and the impact of operation load. The results show that both long bolts and short bolts are intact， but the long bolts show obvious fatigue fracture morphology. Further analysis shows that when the closing resistance and the active arc contact press cylinder are fully fastened， the height difference of bolt hole between the long bolt and short bolt forms the tension， which loosens the long bolt and produces cracks at the connecting plate， thus the long bolts are broken under the action of long-term opening and closing. The height difference of the blot hole can be identified as the main cause of breaking of closing resistance fastening bolts.

Protein interactions are the foundation of all metabolic activities of cells, such as apoptosis, the immune response, and metabolic pathways. In order to optimize the performance of protein interaction prediction, a coding method based on normalized difference sequence characteristics (NDSF) of amino acid sequences is proposed. By using the positional relationships between amino acids in the sequences and the correlation characteristics between sequence pairs, NDSF is jointly encoded. Using principal component analysis (PCA) and local linear embedding (LLE) dimensionality reduction methods, the coded 174-dimensional human protein sequence vector is extracted using sequence features. This study compares the classification performance of four ensemble learning methods (AdaBoost, Extra trees, LightGBM, XGBoost) applied to PCA and LLE features. Cross-validation and grid search methods are used to find the best combination of parameters. The results show that the accuracy of NDSF is generally higher than that of the sequence matrix-based coding method (MOS) coding method, and the loss and coding time can be greatly reduced. The bar chart of feature extraction shows that the classification accuracy is significantly higher when using the linear dimensionality reduction method, PCA, compared to the nonlinear dimensionality reduction method, LLE. After classification with XGBoost, the model accuracy reaches 99.2%, which provides the best performance among all models. This study suggests that NDSF combined with PCA and XGBoost may be an effective strategy for classifying different human protein interactions.

BackgroundAt present, only the rare earth industry has established discharge limits for waste water generated from associated radioactive mines. Liquid effluent from associated radioactive mines industries other than rare earths should satisfy with the requirements of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (IWDS). However, discharge limits of IWDS are disputable to be implemented, hence not suitable for the development and utilization of associated radioactive mines.PurposeThis study aims to consider the need of establishing designated standards of discharge limits on liquid effluent from related radioactive mines wastewater.MethodsFirstly, investigation was conducted on the types and concentration of radionuclides of wastewater from associated radioactive mine, as well as the level of radioactive wastewater treatment technology. Results on the discharge limits for natural radioactive isotopes both in China and abroad were examined and compared. Then, the types of radionuclides and discharge limits to be controlled in the development and utilization of liquid effluent from associated radioactive mines were studied in a scientific manner. Finally, the method of establishing discharge limits for liquid effluents from associated radioactive mines by referring to the uranium mining and metallurgical industries was proposed.Results & ConclusionsThe specific standard on discharge limits for wastewater treatment from associated radioactive mines has a significant impact on regulating the discharge of effluent in China and reducing the radiation environmental impact of associated radioactive mines. It is reasonable to refer to the standard limits of uranium mining and metallurgy. Liquid effluent from associated radioactive mines industries other than rare earths should satisfy with the requirements of IWDS.

Abstract Background Even though a fair amount of studies focus on depression among college students, the effect of perceived parenting styles on the incidence of major depressive disorder (MDD) among representative freshmen in Chinese context is scarcely studied. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of parenting styles on MDD in Chinese freshmen. Methods A total of 9,928 Chinese freshmen were recruited in 2018. 6985 valid questionnaires were collected at one-year follow-up. Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 (CIDI-3.0) was used for the diagnosis of MDD. Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran (EMBU) questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were used to assess parenting styles and baseline depressive symptoms, respectively. The associations between parenting styles and MDD incidence was analyzed with logistic regression. Results The incidence of MDD in freshmen was 2.23% (95%CI: 1.91-2.60%). Maternal overprotection (OR = 1.03, 95%CI: 1.01–1.05) and disharmony relationship between parents (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.42–3.89) increased the risk of new-onset MDD in freshmen, respectively. Mild depressive symptoms (OR = 2.06, 95%CI: 1.06–4.02), moderate (OR = 4.64, 95%CI: 2.55–8.44) and severe depressive symptoms (OR = 7.46, 95%CI: 2.71–20.52) at baseline increased the risk of new-onset MDD. Conclusions Maternal overprotection, disharmony relationship between parents and baseline depressive symptoms are risk factors for new-onset MDD in Chinese freshmen.

Abstract Background Migration can be linked to the transmission of COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccine uptake and hesitancy among rural-to-urban migrant workers in China, the largest group of internal migrants in the world, has not been characterized. Objective To investigate COVID-19 vaccine uptake and identify vaccine hesitancy-associated factors among rural-to-urban migrant workers in the first round of COVID-19 vaccination in China. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted, including 14,917 participants. Socio-demographics, COVID-19 vaccine uptake, vaccine hesitancy and its associated factors based on Vaccine Hesitancy Determinants Matrix (VHDM) were applied for the survey. Data were principally analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results The COVID-19 vaccine uptake and vaccine hesitancy rates were 7.1% and 57.7%, respectively. Vaccine hesitancy was strongly associated with VHDM, including individual factors (female, higher annual income and fewer medical knowledge), group factors (less family support, friend support and public opinion support), COVID-19 epidemic factors (lower fatality, infection and emotional distress) and vaccine factors (less vaccine necessity, vaccine safety, vaccine efficacy, vaccine importance and vaccine reliability). Conclusion The VHDM model has the potential utility in efforts to reduce COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Greater efforts should be put into addressing positive predictors associated with vaccine hesitancy.

BackgroundAdolescents experience relatively more stress than other populations as they are facing rapid physical changes and adapting to complex social environments. However, access for this population to professional service providers is limited. Therefore, there is an increasing need for access to mental health services and new mental health care resources tailored to adolescents. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the functionality and effectiveness of a school digital mental health clinic (DMHC) created by a Chinese psychiatric hospital and provided to secondary school students for a trial. MethodsThe trial period of the DMHC was from January to July 2021 at three secondary schools in Taizhou City, China. Under a collaborative agreement between the local educational bureau and provider, use of the DMHC was free to all students, teachers, and staff of the schools. The functionality of the DMHC was compared with existing digital health interventions introduced in the literature and its effectiveness was quantitatively analyzed in terms of the volume of received counseling calls, number of calls per 100 students, length and time of calls, and reasons for the calls. The mini course video views were analyzed by topics and viewing time. ResultsThe design functions of the DMHC are well aligned with required factors defined in the literature. The first advantage of this DMHC is its high accessibility to students in the three schools. All functions of the DMHC are free to use by students, thereby eliminating the economic barriers to seeking and receiving care. Students can receive virtual counseling during or after regular working hours. Acceptability of the DHMC was further ensured by the full support from a national top-tier mental health facility. Any audio or video call from a student user would connect them to a live, qualified professional (ie, a psychiatrist or psychologist). Options are provided to view and listen to resources for stress relief or tips to help address mental health needs. The major reasons for the counseling calls included difficulties in learning, interpersonal relationships, and emotional distress. The three topics with the highest level of interest for the mini course videos were emotional assistance, personal growth, and family member relationships. The DMHC served as an effective tool for crisis prevention and intervention during nonworking hours as most of the live calls and mini video viewing occurred after school or over the weekend. Furthermore, the DMHC helped three students at high risk for suicide and self-injury through live-call intervention. ConclusionsThe DMHC is an effective complementary solution to improve access to professional mental health care facilities, especially during nonworking hours, thereby helping adolescents meet their mental health needs. Extension of the DMHC into more schools and other settings is recommended.

Objective: To achieve accurate application of kappa-carrageenan as a gelling agent in food industries such as processed meats, dairy, desserts and jellies, as well as seamless capsule in pharmaceuticals and crushable beads in tobaccos. Methods: The viscosities of kappa-carrageenan solution prepared at different hydration temperature, different dosages of kappa-carrageenan dosage and potassium chloride were measured by digital viscometer. Results: ① The hydration temperature had a great influence on the viscosity of kappa-carrageenan gel solution. With the increasing hydration temperature （fixed hydration time at 1 h）, the viscosity of kappa-carrageenan gel solution decreased. Generally the higher the dosage of kappa-carrageenan, the greater the decrease of viscosity. ② The viscosity of kappa-carrageenan solution increased exponentially with increasing dosage. ③ The presence of KCl had little effect on the viscosity at low dosage of kappa-carrageenan. However, the viscosity of kappa-carrageenan solutions at higher dosages increased with the increasing KCl dosage. Conclusion: Hydration temperature and gel dosage had important effects on the viscosity of kappa-carrageenan, while the amount of potassium chloride had relatively little effect on the viscosity.

Objective: A high performance liquid chromatography method was established for determination of four artificial sweeteners in syrups, i.e., acesulfame, saccharin sodium, aspartame and advantame. Methods: Acetonitrile was used as mobile phase A, and 0.02 mol/L ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (pH value adjusted to 5.5 by triethylamine) was used as mobile phase B. The gradient elution was conducted, with flow rate at 1.0 mL/min, and the column temperature was at 35 ℃; the detection wavelength was 214 nm, and sample size was 10 μL was loaded on the was Shiseido AQ-C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) A total of 45 batches of children's cough syrup samples from 21 manufacturers were determined by the established method. Results: The linear calibration curve of the four kinds of artificial sweeteners were obtained over the range of 2~100 mg/L. The average recoveries of acesulfame, saccharin sodium, aspartame and advantame were 98.65%, 104.09%, 100.96% and 102.30% respectively, with RSDs less than 2% (n=9). The actual sample test results showed that 3 batches of samples were found to be advename, and 2 batches of samples were found to be aspartame and advename. Conclusion: The established method is specific, simple, and reliable, and can be used to monitor the illegal addition of artificial sweeteners in syrups.

As economic globalization deepens, academic attention has shifted from the pattern and spatial organization of global production to the important participants of globalization: workers. Existing studies pay much attention to the added value and profits from economic upgrading in the process of globalization. Few works examine the improvement of workers' employment quality and social participation level brought about by social upgrading. In particular, there is a shortage of research on the relationship between economic upgrading and social upgrading. To further explore the relationship and synchronous process between these two and provide policy implications to help promote the type of upgrading that benefits the majority of workers rather than a small number of enterprise owners, this study adopts the entropy value method to comprehensively compare the characteristics of economic and social upgrading in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in South China from 2006 to 2019. It uses the improved coupling coordination model to quantitatively measure the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree of economic and social upgrading, and analyzes the factors affecting the coupling coordination degree based on several panel data regression models. The results are as follows. First, the process of economic and social upgrading in the PRD from 2006 to 2019 shows a fluctuating upward trend overall. The global financial crisis and the local industrial transformation in the region are important factors affecting the process of economic and social upgrading. Second, the overall coupling degree of the economic and social upgrading in the PRD during 2006-2019 shows a U-shaped evolution, changing from a high-level coupling stage down to a running-in stage and then up to a high-level coupling stage. Third, from 2006 to 2019, the coupling coordination degree in the PRD shows an overall increasing trend. This period saw improved coordination between the economic upgrading system and the social upgrading system. Finally, the level of regional human capital, consumption demands, foreign investment, and public governance have positive effects on the degree of the coupling coordination of economic and social upgrading in the PRD, while environmental pollution has a negative effect. This study contributes to the existing literature on social upgrading by integrating economic and social upgrading into the framework of regional development and revealing the coupling and coordination relationship between economic and social upgrading. The results advance our understanding of the relationship between economic and social upgrading and explores the policy implications for promoting regional economic and social development. Enhancing workers' human capital, increasing consumption demands, attracting global capital, and strengthening public governance are likely to stimulate the role of economic upgrading in promoting social upgrading.

The field of computer vision has shown great potential for the identification of crops at large scales based on multispectral images. However, the challenge in designing crop identification networks lies in striking a balance between accuracy and a lightweight framework. Furthermore, there is a lack of accurate recognition methods for non-large-scale crops. In this paper, we propose an improved encoder-decoder framework based on DeepLab v3+ to accurately identify crops with different planting patterns. The network employs ShuffleNet v2 as the backbone to extract features at multiple levels. The decoder module integrates a convolutional block attention mechanism that combines both channel and spatial attention mechanisms to fuse attention features across the channel and spatial dimensions. We establish two datasets, DS1 and DS2, where DS1 is obtained from areas with large-scale crop planting, and DS2 is obtained from areas with scattered crop planting. On DS1, the improved network achieves a mean intersection over union (mIoU) of 0.972, overall accuracy (OA) of 0.981, and recall of 0.980, indicating a significant improvement of 7.0%, 5.0%, and 5.7%, respectively, compared to the original DeepLab v3+. On DS2, the improved network improves the mIoU, OA, and recall by 5.4%, 3.9%, and 4.4%, respectively. Notably, the number of parameters and giga floating-point operations (GFLOPs) required by the proposed Deep-agriNet is significantly smaller than that of DeepLab v3+ and other classic networks. Our findings demonstrate that Deep-agriNet performs better in identifying crops with different planting scales, and can serve as an effective tool for crop identification in various regions and countries.

Migraine and sleep disorders are common clinical diseases with complex bidirectional relationship, sleep disorders can induce migraine attacks, migraine attacks can also cause or aggravate sleep disorders. Migraine is also associated with a variety of sleep disorders for a long time. This review discusses the common neuroanatomical physiology and comorbidity mechanism between migraine and sleep disorders, providing better understanding of the diagnosis and therapy.

In order to study the control law and effect of the related mechanism of porous media on the turbulent drag reduction of a plate wall, experimental research of a plate laid with porous media was carried out in a low-turbulence, re-flow wind tunnel. First, the hot wire was used to acquire the time-averaged statistics and fluctuation data inside the boundary layer on the plate surface by single point measurement. Then, the fluorescenct oil flow was applied to obtain the global skin friction distribution downstream of the porous media. Finally, through Time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry technique, the normal velocity flow field on the surface and the structural information of the near-wall strip were captured in quantitative terms, and the Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) was adopted to analyze the strip’s structural features with the mode reduction. The results showed that the drag reduction effect of porous media had a trend of first increasing and then decreasing in the flow direction, with the maximum drag reduction rate on the surface of porous media. Meanwhile, the porous media changed the internal structure of the turbulent boundary layer, reduced the velocity gradient of the viscous bottom layer, and decreased the momentum exchange between the inner and outer layers, which suppressed the development of large-scale strip structure and promoted the lift of the spanwise vortices. The results of DMD analysis further explained that the porous media could effectively weaken the strip energy fluctuation and accelerate its spatio–temporal evolution process. Moreover, the second and higher order modes could reach a stable state in shorter time.

Summary: The safe and stable operation of the widely distributed freight trains urgently needs to solve the power supply problem of the freight train track monitoring network. In this article, an innovative and efficient energy harvesting mechanism is designed based on a mechanical vibration rectifier (MVR), with four modules of motion conversion, motion rectification, generator, and storage. The motion conversion module converts the linear vibration of the rail into rotational motion through the ball screw. The motion rectification module integrates mechanical rectification and transmission speed-up and converts the bidirectional rotation of the transmission shaft into a faster unidirectional rotation of the generator. Experiments show that the power and mechanical efficiency of the proposed vibration energy harvester can reach 28.0416W and 75.92%, respectively. This high-performance MVR can meet the power demand of wireless sensor networks by harvesting vibration energy to ensure the normal operation of freight trains.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the uncertainty of determination by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） for the content of adevantame, a synthetic sweetener illegally added in syrup drugs. Methods: The sample is diluted with solvent, and the content of adevantame in the sample was determined by HPLC. Through the analysis of the factors affecting the uncertainty, such as the preparation of the reference solution, curve fitting, sample weighing, sample volumetric determination and instrument precision, the uncertainty was synthesized of each component, and the extended uncertainty is calculated. Results: The expanded uncertainty is 1.8 μg/mL. The influence factors from large to small was as follows: repeated sample determination, standard curve fitting, standard solution preparation, sample solution preparation. Conclusion: The established uncertainty evaluation method is accurate and reliable, and truly reflects the source and magnitude of uncertainty.

Contemporary social reform promotes rapid social transformation, and social practice has a special educational function in higher education. However, research shows weak willingness to participate in social practice among college students. Using the mixed research method, 438 completed questionnaire surveys on perceived environmental support were collected from college students. The influence of perceived environmental support on Chinese college students’ willingness to participate in social practice was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling, and an empirical test was conducted. The findings are as follows: (1) Perceived environmental support significantly impacts students’ participation attitude and perceived behavioral control. (2) Participation attitude and perceived behavioral control significantly influence participation intention, but behavioral norms have no significant influence. (3) Participation intention and perceived behavioral control significantly influence actual behavior. This study provides the theoretical basis of perceived environmental support for future research on social practice participation intention and offers some theoretical guidance for the implementation of social practice in China.

Objective To summarize the clinical features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of a case of meningioma associated with reactive hyperplasia and colonization of melanocytes. Methods and Results A 24⁃years⁃old female was discovered a left occipital lobe occupying occasionally by the head CT and MRI. The tumor revealed heterogeneous hyperintense and hypointense signals on T1WI and heterogeneous isointense and hypointense signals on T2WI with enhancement obviously. The left occipital lobe tumor was diagnosed clinically, and the left occipital posterior approach craniotomy was performed under general anesthesia. During operation, there was a smooth capsule on the surface of the tumor partially, which was dark in color and extremely rich in blood supply. Histological findings revealed the tumor cells were distributed in patches, and some of them were around blood vessels characterized by a prominent pseudopapillary architecture. Tumor cells were medium in size and eosinophilic cytoplasm was abundant. Giant tumor cells, intranuclear inclusion and scattered psammoma bodies were visible. A large number of pigmented cells consisted of dark, fine pigment granules. Immunohistochemical staining showed tumor cells expressed vimentin (Vim), E⁃cadherin, progesterone receptor (PR). Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S⁃100 protein (S⁃100) presented partially positive. Melanosome⁃associated antigen (HMB45), Melan⁃A, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), cytokeratin (CK), low molecular weight cytokeratin (LCK), high molecular weight cytokeratin (HCK), SOX10, L1⁃cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM), D2⁃40 and oligodendrocyte transcription factor⁃2 (Olig⁃2) were negative, but the pigmented cells were immunopositive for HMB45, SOX10. Genetic test revealed deletion of NF2 gene. The final diagnosis was meningioma associated with reactive hyperplasia and colonization of melanocytes. No chemoradiotherapy was performed after operation, and no recurrence of tumor was found by MRI. Conclusions Meningioma associated with reactive hyperplasia and colonization of melanocytes is a rare neoplasm. The diagnosis relies on its morphological characteristics, immunophenotype and genetic test. It should be differentiated from other tumors with melanocytes in the central nervous system.

The application of artificial intelligence science popularization kits in maker courses has promoted the rapid development of maker education. However, there exist few theoretical and empirical studies on the application of artificial intelligence science popularization kits in maker education. The theory of learner satisfaction can be used to explain learner motivation and outcomes with regard to participation in maker education using the artificial intelligence suite. Therefore, taking advantage of the opportunity the Zhejiang Action Plan for Promoting the Development of New Generation Artificial Intelligence (2019–2022) has provided, this study first conducted semi-structured interviews based on the results of a literature review and a questionnaire survey and then performed Pearson correlation analysis and regression analysis using SPSS 24.0 to explore the influencing factors of students’ satisfaction with the use of artificial intelligence science popularization kits in education. The following results were obtained. (1) The correlation between grades and learners’ satisfaction is not significant. (2) The use of a high-quality artificial intelligence science suite in the classroom will positively impact learners’ satisfaction. (3) The degree of interaction with the artificial intelligence suite is negatively correlated with learners’ satisfaction. (4) Teaching adaptability is significantly positively correlated with learner satisfaction. (5) Learners’ individual characteristics have no significant positive correlation with learner satisfaction. Therefore, this study recommends focusing on suite quality, improving human–computer interaction, adopting a student-centered strategy, and aiming at improving the suitability of the curriculum.

Graves’ disease (GD) is a common autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid gland. As a new class of modulators of gene expression, long noncoding RN As (lncRNAs) have been reported to play a vital role in immune functions and in the development of autoimmunity and autoimmune disease. The aim of this study is to identify ln cRNAs in CD4+ T cells as potential biomarkers of GD. lncRNA and mRNA microarrays were performed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in GD CD4+ T cells compared with healthy control CD4+ T cells. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to validate the results, and correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship b etween these aberrantly expressed lncRNAs and clinical parameters. The microarray ident ified 164 lncRNAs and 93 mRNAs in GD CD4+ T cells differentially expressed compared to healthy control CD4+ T cells (fold change >2.0 and a P < 0.05). Further analysis consistently showed that the expression of HMlincRNA1474 (P < 0.01) and TCONS_00012608 (P < 0.01) was suppressed, while the expression of AK021954 (P < 0.01) and AB075506 (P < 0.01) was upregulated from initial GD patients. In addition, their expression levels were recovered in euthyroid GD patients and GD patients in remission. Moreover, these four aberrantly expressed lncRNAs were correlated with GD clinical parameters. Moreover, the areas under the ROC curve were 0.8046, 0.7579, 0.8115 for AK021954, AB075506, HMlincRNA1474, respectively. The present work revealed that differentially expressed lncRNAs were associated with GD, which might serve as novel biomarkers of GD and potential targe ts for GD treatment.

Female breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, and endometrial cancer are the most common tumors and the most common causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide in women. Drugs derived from natural plants play important roles in malignant tumor therapy. Salvia miltiorrhiza is a commonly used Chinese herb which has been used in the treatment of liver diseases and cardiovascular diseases because of its positive effect of promoting blood circulation, increasing oxidative stress, and removing blood stasis. Recently, studies have found that fat-soluble components of Salvia miltiorrhiza such as tanshinone II, tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, and dihydrotanshinone I displayed good antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro for gynecological cancer by different molecular mechanisms. In this study, the latest research progress on the antitumor effect and mechanism of tanshinone compounds in breast cancer and gynecological cancer was reviewed to provide references for the research and clinical application of these compounds (tanshinone II, tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, and dihydrotanshinone I).

Porous media has potential applications in fluid machinery and in aerospace science and engineering due to its excellent drag-reduction properties. We carried out experimental time-resolved particle image velocimetry (TR-PIV) research, laying porous media with different pore densities on the suction side of an airfoil in the low-turbulence recirculation wind tunnel of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics to study the effects and mechanisms of porous media on airfoil aerodynamic performance. We also used a smooth airfoil model in the experiment for comparison. Comparing the aerodynamic forces, pressure distributions, and the airfoil’s suction side flow field, we found that the porous media with different pore densities had different effects on the airfoil’s aerodynamic performance. Although the porous media with 20PPI (pores per inch) increased the pressure drag and reduced the airfoil lift, it considerably reduced the friction drag, thus significantly improving the airfoil’s aerodynamic force. The flow visualization results indicated that, although the porous media with 20PPI reduced the circulation of flow velocity around the suction side of airfoil, it also destroyed the vortex structure, broke the low-frequency large-scale vortex into a high-frequency granular vortex, inhibited the amplitude of vortex fluctuation, reduced the shear stress on the airfoil surface, weakened the vortex energy of different modes, and accelerated the vortex’s spatio-temporal evolution.

The radar monitor of aircraft wake vortex is of great significance to air traffic control. Comparing with the case in clear air, the radar signal of wake vortices in rainy conditions is more easily captured due to the higher levels of signal. To able to analyze radar echo characteristics of evolving wake vortices, the numerical simulation of the evolution of the wake vortices in various rain rates has been performed based on the Euler-Euler frame. The result shows that the rainfall can accelerate the decay of wake vortices. A radar simulator has been represented to process the radar echo signal of raindrops around the wake vortex. The Doppler spectrum of echo signals in radar resolution volumes has been analyzed and the straight vortex and the vortex ring phases show different characteristics of spectrum width. The Doppler width information based on this result of interaction between the wake vortex and rain can be used for assessing the decay phase of wake vortices and monitoring potential hazard for wake vortex encounters.

Consider the problem of clustering objects with temporally changing multivariate variables, for instance, in the classification of cities with several changing socioeconomic indices in geographical research. If the changing multivariate can be recorded simultaneously as a multivariate time series, in which the length of each subseries is equal and the subseries can be correlated, the problem is transformed into a multivariate time series clustering problem. The available methods consider the correlations between distinct time series but overlook the shape of each time series, which causes multivariate time series with similar correlations and opposite shapes to be clustered into the same class. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a two-phase multivariate time series clustering algorithm that considers both correlation and shape. In Phase I, the discrete wavelet transform is applied to capture the wavelet variances and the correlation coefficients between each pair of variables to realize the initial clustering of multivariate time series, where time series with a similar correlation but opposite shape may be assigned to the same cluster. In Phase II, multivariate time series are clustered based on shape via the symbolic aggregate approximation (SAX) method. In this phase, time series with similar correlations but opposite morphologies are differentiated. The method is evaluated using multivariate time series of incoming and outgoing passenger volumes from Beijing IC card data; these volume data were collected between March 4, 2013 and March 17, 2013. Based on the silhouette coefficient, our approach outperforms two popular multivariate time series clustering methods: a wavelet-based method and the SAX method.

The crystal structures of the title compound, C27H26ClN3O2, were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction. The simulated annealing approach and rigid-body Rietveld refinement were applied to the structure solution from powder data. Direct methods and full-matrix least-squares techniques were used to solve and refine the crystal structure from single-crystal data. The title compound crystallized in space group P 1¯$\bar{1}$ with lattice parameters a=17.396(7) Å, b= 10.010(4) Å, c=6.833(3) Å, α=77.345(12) °, β= 93.534(6) °, γ=97.210(9) °, unit-cell volume V= 1151.0(2) Å3, Z=2 from powder data, and in space group P 1¯$\bar{1}$with lattice parameters α=82.485(2) °, β= 86.5110(10) °, γ=77.518(2) °, a=6.8159(6) Å, b= 10.0003(9) Å, c=17.4140(15) Å, unit-cell volume V =1148.3(2) Å3, Z=2 from single-crystal data. No detectable impurities were observed.

In order to prepare structural absorbing materials with mechanical properties and electromagnetic absorption properties, a kind of absorbing composites with carbonyl iron powders (CIP) as absorbent, glass fiber(GF) as the transmittance layer, carbon fiber(CF) as the reflective layer, and epoxy resin(EP) as matrix was designed and fabricated by vacuum assisted resin infusion process. The effect of different mass ratios of CIP/EP on the mechanical properties and microwave absorption properties of the composites was studied. The results of FTIR and DSC suggest that there is not a chemical reaction between CIP and EP. SEM shows that CIP can be dispersed uniformly in EP resin matrix and not toward the surface of the fibers. The results of mechanical tests indicate that the best mechanical properties of the CIP/GF/CF/EP composites are at a mass ratio of 3:10 of CIP to EP. The tensile strength and tensile modulus are 347.56MPa and 25.99GPa, 4.3% and 5.7% higher than that of GF/CF/EP composites. The flexural strength and the flexural modulus are 339.6MPa and 23.7GPa, 18.2% and 71.2% higher than that of GF/CF/EP composites. Vector network analysis proves that the absorbing performance of composites absorbing plate is increased and the peak of reflection absorbing loss is moved toward the low frequency band with the increase of CIP.