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The design and synthesis of nonlinear optical (NLO) materials with a strong second harmonic generation (SHG) effect and wide band gap is a long-standing challenge because of their inverse relationship, especially for metal tellurites. We found that a lower degree of polymerization of tellurite groups corresponds to a higher proportion of non-centrosymmetric (NCS) structures formed. Based on Pauling's rule #4, introduction of cations (Al 3+ /Ga 3+ ) with higher coordination numbers and lower valence states than Te 4+ into the reaction system decreases the connectivity among tellurite groups. By regulating the reaction conditions, CS Ga(Te 3 O 7 )Br and NCS M 2 (OH)(TeO 3 )(Te 2 O 5 )X (M = Al, Ga; X = Br, Cl) were successfully synthesized, which represent the first examples of Ga/Al-tellurite-Cl/Br. The NCS compounds have presented strong SHG intensities (4.0-9.8 × KDP) and wide bandgaps (3.89-4.35 eV). And M 2 (OH)(TeO 3 )(Te 2 O 5 )X (M = Ga, Al; X = Br, Cl) are the only examples of metal tellurites with band gap exceeding 4.0 eV and SHG intensity exceeding 4 × KDP. This work provides an effective strategy for the design and synthesis of tellurite-based NLO materials with a strong SHG effect and wide bandgap., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Liver injury induced by alcohol is a serious global health problem. Several tea-like plants are widely used as beverages, which are drunk like tea. In this study, the hepatoprotective effects of eight tea-like plant extracts with the intake of 200 mg/kg.bw/day were investigated and compared using a C57BL/6J mouse model of acute alcohol exposure, including sweet tea, vine tea, Rabdosia serra kudo, broadleaf holly leaf, mulberry leaf, bamboo leaf, Camellia nitidissima , and Akebia trifoliata peels. The results showed that the eight tea-like plants had hepatoprotective effects to different degrees against acute alcohol exposure via enhancing the activities of alcoholic metabolism enzymes, ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver, as well as regulating gut microbiota. In particular, sweet tea, bamboo leaf, mulberry leaf, and Camellia nitidissima increased the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase or aldehyde dehydrogenase. Among these tea-like plants, sweet tea and Camellia nitidissima had the greatest hepatoprotective effects, and their bioactive compounds were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Chlorogenic acid, rutin, and ellagic acid were identified in sweet tea, and epicatechin, rutin, and ellagic acid were identified in Camellia nitidissima , which could contribute to their hepatoprotective action. These tea-like plants could be drunk or developed into functional food against alcoholic liver injury, especially sweet tea and Camellia nitidissima . In the future, the effects of sweet tea and Camellia nitidissima on chronic alcoholic liver diseases should be further investigated.

Kombucha is a well-known fermented beverage traditionally made from black tea infusion. Recent studies have focused on finding alternative materials to create novel kombucha beverages with various health benefits. In this study, we prepared and evaluated two novel kombucha beverages using Rhodiola rosea and Salvia miltiorrhiza as materials. The effects of fermentation with the residue of these plants on the kombucha were also investigated. The antioxidant activities, total phenolic contents, and concentrations of the bioactive compounds of the kombucha beverages were determined by the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity test, ferric-reducing antioxidant power test, Folin-Ciocalteu method, and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The results revealed that the kombucha beverages made with Rhodiola rosea and Salvia miltiorrhiza had strong antioxidant capacities and abundant phenolic contents. Additionally, the kombucha fermented with Rhodiola rosea residue had higher FRAP, TEAC and TPC values than that fermented without residue. On the other hand, the Salvia miltiorrhiza kombucha fermented with residue had similar FRAP and TEAC values but lower TPC values compared to that fermented without residue. The correlation analysis showed that gallic acid, salidroside, and tyrosol were responsible for the antioxidant abilities and total phenolic contents of the Rhodiola rosea kombucha, and salvianolic acid A and salvianolic acid B contributed to the antioxidant abilities of the Salvia miltiorrhiza kombucha. Furthermore, the kombucha fermented with Rhodiola rosea residue had the highest sensory scores among the kombucha beverages studied. These findings suggest that Rhodiola rosea and Salvia miltiorrhiza are suitable for making novel kombucha beverages with strong antioxidant abilities and abundant phenolic contents, which can be used in preventing and managing oxidative stress-related diseases.

Protein citrullination is an irreversible post-translational modification process regulated by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) in the presence of Ca 2+ . This process is closely related to the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases, cancers, neurological disorders, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and other major diseases. The analysis of protein citrullination by biomass spectrometry confronts great challenges owing to its low abundance, lack of affinity tags, small mass-to-charge ratio change, and susceptibility to isotopic and deamidation interferences. The methods commonly used to study the protein citrullination mainly involve the chemical derivatization of the urea group of the guanine side chain of the peptide to increase the mass-to-charge ratio difference of the citrullinated peptide. Affinity-enriched labels are then introduced to effectively improve the sensitivity and accuracy of protein citrullination by mass spectrometry. 2,3-Butanedione or phenylglyoxal compounds are often used as derivatization reagents to increase the mass-to-charge ratio difference of the citrullinated peptide, and the resulting derivatives have been observed to contain α -dicarbonyl structures. To date, however, no relevant studies on the reactivity of dicarbonyl compounds with citrullinated peptides have been reported. In this study, we determined whether six α -dicarbonyl and two β -dicarbonyl compounds undergo derivatization reactions with standard citrullinated peptides using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Among the α -dicarbonyl compounds, 2,3-butanedione and glyoxal reacted efficiently with several standard citrullinated peptides, but yielded a series of by-products. Phenylglyoxal, methylglyoxal, 1,2-cyclohexanedione, and 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione also derivated efficiently with standard citrullinated peptides, generating a single derivative. Thus, a new derivatization method that could yield a single derivative was identified. Among the β -dicarbonyl compounds, 1,3-cyclohexanedione and 2,4-pentanedione successfully reacted with the standard citrullinated peptides, and generated a single derivative. However, their reaction efficiency was very low, indicating that the β -dicarbonyl compounds are unsuitable for the chemical derivatization of citrullinated peptides. The above results indicate that the α -dicarbonyl structure is necessary for realizing the efficient and specific chemical derivatization of citrullinated peptides. Moreover, the side chains of the α -dicarbonyl structure determine the structure of the derivatives, derivatization efficiency, and generation (or otherwise) of by-products. Therefore, the specific enrichment and precise identification of citrullinated peptides can be achieved by synthesizing α -dicarbonyl structured compounds containing affinity tags. The proposed method enables the identification of citrullinated proteins and their modified sites by MS, thereby providing a better understanding of the distribution of citrullinated proteins in different tissues. The findings will be beneficial for studies on the mechanism of action of citrullinated proteins in a variety of diseases.

Separation of methanol/benzene azeotrope mixtures is very challenging not only by the conventional distillation technique but also by adsorbents. In this work, we design and synthesize a flexible Ca-based metal-organic framework MAF-58 consisting of cheap raw materials. MAF-58 shows selective methanol-induced pore-opening flexibility. Although the opened pores are large enough to accommodate benzene molecules, MAF-58 shows methanol/benzene molecular sieving with ultrahigh experimental selectivity, giving 5.1 mmol g -1 high-purity (99.99%+) methanol and 2.0 mmol g -1 high-purity (99.97%+) benzene in a single adsorption/desorption cycle. Computational simulations reveal that the preferentially adsorbed, coordinated methanol molecules act as the gating component to selectively block the diffusion of benzene, offering a new gating adsorption mechanism.

This study aimed to investigate the aperiodic properties and aperiodic-adjusted alpha-band oscillations in children with ADHD, focusing on the influence of different scalp regions and lateralization on these neural correlates. Sixty-two ADHD children and 52 typical developing children aged 6-12 years were enrolled. EEG recordings were made with eyes closed for a minimum of 6 min. The 'FOOOF' was used to compute aperiodic parameters (exponent and offset), and aperiodic-adjusted alpha-band features including center frequency (CF), adjusted power (AP), and bandwidth (BW). Mixed-design ANOVAs were conducted with two between-subjects levels (ADHD and control groups) and two within-subjects' factors (lateralization and scalp region). ANCOVAs were conducted after accounting for sex and age. The ADHD group showed a significantly lower exponent compared to the control group, and this difference was not influenced significantly by factors like lateralization, scalp region, or sex. There were no notable distinctions between the groups for other measures. We noticed alpha-band CF tends to increase with age, while only frontal AP shows a significant positive correlation with age. Significant main effects of sex and lateralization were observed for offset, along with an interaction effect between sex and lateralization for CF. Our findings indicate that children aged 6-12 with ADHD have a markedly lower exponent, suggesting that this measure could potentially serve as a biomarker for ADHD. Future studies should consider factors such as age, sex, lateralization, and scalp region when investigating aperiodic and aperiodic-adjusted features., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Preoperative biopsy for retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) enables appropriate multidisciplinary treatment planning. A systematic review of literature from 1990 to June 2022 was conducted using the population, intervention, comparison and outcome model to evaluate the local recurrence and overall survival of preoperative biopsy compared to those that had not. Of 3192 studies screened, five retrospective cohort studies were identified. Three reported on biopsy needle tract seeding, with only one study reporting biopsy site recurrence of 2 %. Two found no significant difference in local recurrence and one found higher 5-year local recurrence rates in those who had not been biopsied. Three studies reported overall survival, including one with propensity matching, did not show a difference in overall survival. In conclusion, preoperative core needle biopsy of RPS is not associated with increased local recurrence or adverse survival outcomes., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest Stephanie Webster: Nil. Ana Cristina Vargas: Nil. Fiona Maclean: Nil. Jennifer Vu: Nil. Elissa Tong: Nil. David Coker: Nil. Iain Ward: Nil. Elizabeth Connolly: Nil. Deborah Di-Xin Zhou: Nil. Jasmine Mar: Nil. Smaro Lazarakis: Nil. David E Gyorki: Honorarium from BMS and Merck. Angela M Hong: Honorarium from Oncobeta and Telix., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop2) is considered to be an attractive therapeutic target in cancer treatments. We previously generated a new humanized anti-Trop2 antibody named hIMB1636, and designated it as an ideal targeting carrier for cancer therapy. Lidamycin (LDM) is a new antitumor antibiotic, containing an active enediyne chromophore (AE) and a noncovalently bound apoprotein (LDP). AE and LDP can be separated and reassembled, and the reassembled LDM possesses cytotoxicity similar to that of native LDM; this has made LDM attractive in the preparation of gene-engineering drugs. We herein firstly prepared a new fusion protein hIMB1636-LDP composed of hIMB1636 and LDP by genetic engineering. This construct showed potent binding activities to recombinant antigen with a K D value of 4.57 nM, exhibited binding to Trop2-positive cancer cells and internalization and transport to lysosomes, and demonstrated powerful tumor-targeting ability in vivo. We then obtained the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) hIMB1636-LDP-AE by molecular reconstitution. In vitro, hIMB1636-LDP-AE inhibited the proliferation, migration, and tumorsphere formation of tumor cells with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) values at the sub-nanomolar level. Mechanistically, hIMB1636-LDP-AE induced apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. In vivo, hIMB1636-LDP-AE also inhibited the growth of breast and lung cancers in xenograft models. Moreover, compared to sacituzumab govitecan, hIMB1636-LDP-AE showed more potent antitumor activity and significantly lower myelotoxicity in tumors with moderate Trop2 expression. This study fully revealed the potent antitumor efficacy of hIMB1636-LDP-AE, and also provided a new preparation method for LDM-based ADC, as well as a promising candidate for breast cancer and lung cancer therapeutics., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

In this study, we reported a Gram-stain-negative, ovoid to rod-shaped, atrichous, and facultative anaerobe bacteria strain named YMD61 T , which was isolated from the intertidal sediment of Yangma island, China. Growth of strain YMD61 T occurred at 10.0-45.0 °C (optimum, 30.0 °C), pH 7.0-10.0 (optimum, 8.0) and with 0-3.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.0%). Phylogenetic tree analysis based on 16 S rRNA gene or genomic sequence indicated that strain YMD61 T belonged to the genus Fuscovulum and was closely related to Fuscovulum blasticum ATCC 33,485 T (96.6% sequence similarity). Genomic analysis indicated that strain YMD61 T contains a circular chromosome of 3,895,730 bp with DNA G + C content of 63.3%. The genomic functional analysis indicated that strain YMD61 T is a novel sulfur-metabolizing bacteria, which is capable of fixing carbon through an autotrophic pathway by integrating the processes of photosynthesis and sulfur oxidation. The predominant respiratory quinone of YMD61 T was ubiquinone-10 (Q-10). The polar lipids of YMD61 T contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, five unidentified lipids, unidentified aminolipid and unidentified aminophospholipid. The major fatty acids of strain YMD61 T contained C 18:1 ω7c 11-methyl and summed feature 8 (C 18:1 ω 7c or/and C 18:1 ω 6c). Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological analyses suggested that strain YMD61 T represents a novel species of the genus Fuscovulum, and the name Fuscovulum ytuae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YMD61 T (= MCCC 1K08483 T  = KCTC 43,537 T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Diabetes is a global public health issue, characterized by an abnormal level of blood glucose. It can be classified into type 1, type 2, gestational, and other rare diabetes. Recent studies have reported that many dietary natural products exhibit anti-diabetic activity. In this narrative review, the effects and underlying mechanisms of dietary natural products on diabetes are summarized based on the results from epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies. Some fruits ( e.g. , grape, blueberry, and cherry), vegetables ( e.g. , bitter melon and Lycium barbarum leaves), grains ( e.g. , oat, rye, and brown rice), legumes ( e.g. , soybean and black bean), spices ( e.g. , cinnamon and turmeric) and medicinal herbs ( e.g. , Aloe vera leaf and Nigella sativa ), and vitamin C and carotenoids could play important roles in the prevention and management of diabetes. Their underlying mechanisms include exerting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-glycation effects, inhibiting carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, enhancing insulin action, alleviating insulin resistance, modulating the gut microbiota, and so on. This review can provide people with a comprehensive knowledge of anti-diabetic dietary natural products, and support their further development into functional food to prevent and manage diabetes.

Background: Accumulating evidence showed abnormalities in brain network connectivity in depressive individuals with suicidal ideation (SI). We aimed to investigate the large-scale brain network dynamics in adolescents with SI and major depressive disorder (MDD)., Methods: We recruited 47 first-episode drug-naïve adolescents with MDD and SI, 26 depressed adolescents without SI (noSI), and 26 age-matched healthy controls (HC). The Columbia Suicidal Ideation Severity Scale (C-SSRS) was utilized to assess suicide ideation. We acquired 64-channel resting-state EEG recordings from all subjects and used microstate analysis to investigate the large-scale brain network dynamics., Results: We observed a significant reduction in the occurrence and coverage of microstate B within the SI group when contrasted with the noSI group. Conversely, there was a significant increase in the occurrence and coverage of microstate A in the SI group as compared to the HC group. Additionally, we observed heightened transition probabilities from microstates D and C to microstate A in the SI group; meanwhile, transitions from microstate D to B were more prevalent in the noSI group. Furthermore, the noSI group exhibited a significant decline in the transition probabilities from microstate D to microstate C., Limitations: The cross-sectional nature limits the capacity to determine whether microstate dynamics have prognostic significance for SI., Conclusion: We provided evidence that depressed adolescents with SI have a distinct pattern in microstate dynamics compared to those without SI. These findings suggest that microstate dynamics might serve as a potential neurobiomarker for identifying SI in depressed adolescents., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Dementia, with homocysteine (Hcy) as an important risk factor, is a severe public health problem in the aging society. Betaine serves as a methyl donor and plays an important role in reducing Hcy. However, the effects and mechanisms of betaine on Hcy-induced cognitive impairment remain unclear. Firstly, SD rats were injected with Hcy (400 μg/kg) through vena caudalis, and betaine (2.5 % w/v) was supplemented via drinking water for 14 days. Betaine supplementation could attenuate Hcy-induced cognitive impairment in the Y maze and novel object recognition tests by repairing brain injury. Meanwhile, microglial activation was observed to be inhibited by betaine supplementation using immunofluorescence and sholl analysis. Secondly, HMC3 cells were treated with betaine, which was found to decrease the ROS level, ameliorate cell membrane rupture, reduce the release of LDH, IL-18 and IL-1β, and attenuate the damage of microglia to neurons. Mechanistically, betaine alleviates cognitive impairment by inhibiting microglial pyroptosis via reducing the expressions of NLRP3, ASC, pro-caspase-1, cleaved-caspase-1, GSDMD, GSDMD-N, IL-18 and IL-1β. Betaine treatment can increase SAM/SAH ratio, confirming its enhancement on methylation capacity. Furthermore, betaine treatment was found to enhance N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) modification of NLRP3 mRNA, and reduced the NLRP3 mRNA stability through increasing the expression of the m 6 A reader YTH N 6 -methyladenosine RNA binding protein 2 (YTHDF2). Finally, silencing YTHDF2 could reverse the inhibitory effect of betaine on pyroptosis. Our data demonstrated that betaine attenuated Hcy-induced cognitive impairment by suppressing microglia pyroptosis via inhibiting the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway in an m 6 A-YTHDF2-dependent manner., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

We aimed to utilize chaos game representation (CGR) for the investigation of microstate sequences and explore its potential as neurobiomarkers for psychiatric disorders. We applied our proposed method to a public dataset including 82 patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and 61 control subjects. Two time series were constructed: one using the microstate spacing distance in CGR and the other using complex numbers representing the microstate coordinates in CGR. Power spectral features of both time series and frequency matrix CGR (FCGR) were compared between groups and employed in a machine learning application. The four canonical microstates (A, B, C, and D) were identified using both shared and separate templates. Our results showed the microstate oscillatory pattern exhibited alterations in the FEP group. Using oscillatory features improved machine learning performance compared with classical features and FCGR. This study opens up new avenues for exploring the use of CGR in analyzing EEG microstate sequences. Features derived from microstate sequence CGR offer fine-grained neurobiomarkers for psychiatric disorders., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

In this study, we report a Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, atrichous and aerobic bacterial strain named CSW1921 T , which was isolated from the deep-sea water of a cold seep in South China Sea. Growth of strain CSW1921 T occurred at 10.0-35.0 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 8.0-9.0) and with 0-9.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1.0-2.0 %). Phylogenetic tree analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence or the genomic sequence indicated that strain CSW1921 T belonged to the family Rhodobacteraceae and was closely related to Rhodophyticola porphyridii MA-7-27 T (97.5 % sequence similarity). Genomic analysis indicated that strain CSW1921 T contains a circular chromosome of 3 592 879 bp with G+C content of 60.5 mol%. The predominant respiratory quinone of CSW1921 T was ubiquinone-10. The polar lipids of CSW1921 T contained phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. The major fatty acids of strain CSW1921 T contained C 16 : 0 , C 18 : 1  ω7c 11-methyl and summed feature 8 (C 18 : 1  ω7c). The average nucleotide identity, DNA-DNA hybridization and average amino acid identity values between strain CSW1921 T and members of its related species were 68.02-69.08 %, 12.7-12.9 % and 46.87-48.08 %, respectively, which were lower than the recommended threshold values for bacterial species or genus delineation. Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological analyses suggested that strain CSW1921 T represents a novel genus and a novel species of the family Rhodobacteraceae , and the name Fontisubflavum oceani gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain CSW1921 T (=MCCC 1K08371 T =KCTC 92834 T ).

Background: In primary localised resectable retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS), loco-regional and distant relapse occur frequently despite optimal surgical management. The role of chemotherapy in improving outcomes is unclear., Methods: A systematic review was conducted, using the population, intervention, comparison outcome (PICO) model, to evaluate whether neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy improve outcomes in adults with primary localised resectable RPS. Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central were queried for publications from 1946 to June 2022 that evaluated recurrence free survival, overall survival, and post operative complications. Each study was screened by two independent reviewers for suitability. A qualitative synthesis of the results was performed., Results: Twenty three studies were identified; one meta-analysis of retrospective studies and 22 retrospective studies including three with propensity matched cohorts. Most studies did not analyse outcomes by histology, detail treatment regimens, provide baseline characteristics or selection criteria for those receiving chemotherapy. Evidence of selection bias was illustrated in several studies. Newcastle-Ottawa quality of retrospective cohort studies was good for 12 studies and poor for 10 studies. All studies were assessed as Level III-2 evidence by the Australian NHMRC hierarchy. Overall, the addition of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy to surgery was not associated with improvement in local recurrence, metastasis free survival, disease free survival or overall survival in primary localised resectable RPS. There is some evidence of an association of chemotherapy with worse overall survival. One single centre study showed that neoadjuvant chemotherapy was not associated with increased post operative complications compared to surgery alone in primary localised resectable RPS., Conclusions: There is currently no evidence that demonstrates the addition of chemotherapy to surgery improves outcomes in adult patients with primary localised resectable RPS. Available evidence is limited by its retrospective nature and high likelihood of selection bias with chemotherapy generally administered to patients at higher risk of recurrence and many patients not receiving care in high volume sarcoma centres. Randomised trials are required to conclusively determine the role of chemotherapy in primary localised resectable RPS., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Joanna Connor: Honorarium for advisory board for Pfizer; David Gyorki: Honorarium for BMS and Merck; Angela Hong: Honorarium for advisory board for Oncobeta and Provectus. The other authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop2) has emerged as a potential target for effective cancer therapy. In this study, we report a novel anti-Trop2 antibody IMB1636, developed using hybridoma technology. It exhibited high affinity and specificity (K D  = 0.483 nM) in binding both antigens and cancer cells, as well as human tumor tissues. hIMB1636 could induce endocytosis, and enabled targeted delivery to the tumor site with an in vivo retention time of 264 h. The humanized antibody hIMB1636, acquired using CDR grafting, exhibited the potential to directly inhibit cancer cell proliferation and migration, and to induce ADCC effects. Moreover, hIMB1636 significantly inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-468 xenograft tumors in vivo. Mechanistically, hIMB1636 induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by regulating cyclin-related proteins and the caspase cascade. In comparison to commercialized sacituzumab, hIMB1636 recognized a conformational epitope instead of a linear one, bound to antigen and cancer cells with similar binding affinity, induced significantly more potent ADCC effects against cancer cells, and displayed superior antitumor activities both in vitro and in vivo. The data presented in this study highlights the potential of hIMB1636 as a carrier for the formulation of antibody-based conjugates, or as a promising candidate for anticancer therapy., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

In this study, we reported a Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, atrichous, and aerobic bacterial strain named YMD87 T , which was isolated from the intertidal zone sediment of Chinese Yellow Sea. Growth of strain YMD87 T occurred at 10.0-40.0 °C (optimum, 25-30 °C), pH 4.0-12.0 (optimum, 8.0) and with 0-6.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.0-2.0%). Phylogenetic tree analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain YMD87 T belonged to the genus Tropicibacter and was closely related to Tropicibacter alexandrii LMIT003 T (97.2% sequence similarity). Genomic analysis indicated that strain YMD87 T contains a circular chromosome of 3,932,460 bp with G + C content of 63.8% and three circular plasmids of 116,492 bp, 49,209 bp and 49,673 bp, with G + C content of 64.3%. Genomic functional analysis revealed that strain YMD87T is potential a novel sulfur-metabolizing bacteria. The predominant respiratory quinone of YMD87 T was ubiquinone-10 (Q-10). The major polar lipids of YMD87 T contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, five unidentified lipids, five unidentified phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, unidentified glycolipid and five unidentified aminolipids. The major fatty acids of strain YMD87 T contained C 12:1 3-OH, C 16:0 , and summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c or/and C18:1 ω6c). Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological analyses suggested that strain YMD87 T represents a novel species of the genus Tropicibacter, and the name Tropicibacter oceani sp. nov is proposed. The type strain is YMD87 T (= MCCC 1K08473 T  = KCTC 92856  T )., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Abstract: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is inflammation of the pancreas, which may be due to a wide variety of etiologies that share a final common pathway of premature activation of pancreatic enzymes and resultant autodigestion of pancreatic parenchyma. Acute pancreatitis is easy to diagnose clinically, with the presence of at least 2 of the 3 criteria (upper abdominal pain, serum amylase or lipase level greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal, or characteristic findings on imaging studies) of the revised Atlanta classification. However, postmortem imaging examinations of pancreatitis are extremely rare, and very few successful cases have been reported. Here, we present a case report of a single patient who underwent autopsy and postmortem imaging. Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) and postmortem magnetic resonance imaging (PMMRI) showed peripancreatic inflammation and acute peripancreatic fluid collection in the left anterior pararenal space, which is consistent with the examination by autopsy. The advantages of PMMRI in AP have also been demonstrated. Our study also confirmed the advantage of PMCT angiography in the diagnosis of AP. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of PMCT and PMMRI combined with postmortem pathology in the diagnosis of AP., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Herein, we first prepared a novel anti-TROP2 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) hIMB1636-MMAE using hIMB1636 antibody chemically coupled to monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) via a Valine-Citrulline linker and then reported its characteristics and antitumor activity. With a DAR of 3.92, it binds specifically to both recombinant antigen ( K D ∼ 0.687 nM) and cancer cells and could be internalized by target cells and selectively kill them with IC 50 values at nanomolar/subnanomolar levels by inducing apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest. hIMB1636-MMAE also inhibited cell migration, induced ADCC effects, and had bystander effects. It displayed significant tumor-targeting ability and excellent tumor-suppressive effects in vivo, resulting in 5/8 tumor elimination at 12 mg/kg in the T3M4 xenograft model or complete tumor disappearance at 10 mg/kg in BxPc-3 xenografts in nude mice. Its half-life in mice was about 87 h. These data suggested that hIMB1636-MMAE was a promising candidate for the treatment of pancreatic cancer with TROP2 overexpression.

Cancer is a severe public health problem. Resveratrol is a famous natural compound that has various bioactivities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antiaging activities. Especially, resveratrol could prevent and treat various cancers, such as oral, thyroid, breast, lung, liver, pancreatic, gastric, colorectal, bladder, prostate and ovarian cancers. The underlying mechanisms have been widely studied, such as inhibiting cell proliferation, suppressing metastasis, inducing apoptosis, stimulating autophagy, modulating immune system, attenuating inflammation, regulating gut microbiota and enhancing effects of other anticancer drugs. In this review, we summarize effects and mechanisms of resveratrol on different cancers. This paper is helpful to develop resveratrol, crude extract containing resveratrol, or foods containing resveratrol into functional food, dietary supplements or auxiliary agents for prevention and management of cancers.

While surgery is the mainstay of treatment for localised retroperitoneal sarcoma, the use of radiotherapy (RT) remains controversial. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the role of RT for retroperitoneal sarcoma. A systematic review using the population, intervention, comparison, and outcome model from 1990 to 2022 identified 66 studies (a mixture of preoperative and postoperative RT); one randomised controlled trial (RCT) with two publications, 18 registry studies, and 46 retrospective studies. In the RCT of preoperative RT, there was no difference in local/abdominal recurrence. The pooled analysis of this RCT and a retrospective study showed a significant abdominal recurrence free survival benefit with preoperative RT in low grade liposarcoma. The RCT and the majority of retrospective series found RT did not improve recurrence free survival (11 of 16 no difference in combined local and distant RFS, 11 of 13 no difference in distant metastasis free survival), disease specific survival (9 of 12 studies) or overall survival (33 of 49 studies). The majority of studies found no association between RT and perioperative morbidity. In summary, preoperative RT may improve local control for low grade (well-differentiated or grades 1-2 dedifferentiated) liposarcoma, but not other histological subtypes. There is no strong evidence that perioperative RT provides an overall survival benefit. Patients with low grade retroperitoneal liposarcoma can be considered for preoperative RT to improve abdominal recurrence free survival. The rationale and level of evidence in this scenario should be carefully discussed by the multidisciplinary team with patients. RT should not be routinely recommended for other histological subtypes., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with obesity seriously threats public health. Our previous studies showed that dark tea had more potential on regulating lipid metabolism than other teas, and theabrownin (TB) was considered to be a main contributor to the bioactivity of dark tea., Objectives: This in vivo study aims to reveal the effects and molecular mechanisms of TB on NAFLD and obesity, and the role of the gut-liver axis is explored., Methods: The histopathological examinations, biochemical tests, and nuclear magnetic resonance were applied to evaluate the effects of TB on NAFLD and obesity. The untargeted metabolomics was used to find the key molecule for further exploration of molecular mechanisms. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to assess the changes in gut microbiota. The antibiotic cocktail and fecal microbiota transplant were used to clarify the role of gut microbiota., Results: TB markedly reduced body weight gain (67.01%), body fat rate (62.81%), and hepatic TG level (51.35%) in the preventive experiment. Especially, TB decreased body weight (32.16%), body fat rate (42.56%), and hepatic TG level (42.86%) in the therapeutic experiment. The mechanisms of action could be the improvement of fatty acid oxidation, lipolysis, and oxidative stress via the regulation of serotonin-related signaling pathways. Also, TB increased the abundance of serotonin-related gut microbiota, such as Akkermansia, Bacteroides and Parabacteroides. Antibiotics-induced gut bacterial dysbiosis disrupted the regulation of TB on serotonin-related signaling pathways in liver, whereas the beneficial regulation of TB on target proteins was regained with the restoration of gut microbiota., Conclusion: We find that TB has markedly preventive and therapeutic effects on NAFLD and obesity by regulating serotonin level and related signaling pathways through gut microbiota. Furthermore, gut microbiota and TB co-contribute to alleviating NAFLD and obesity. TB could be a promising medicine for NAFLD and obesity., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.)

Neuroimaging studies have revealed abnormal brain activities in depressed teenagers who engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). We used resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) microstate analysis, which indicates the brief overlap of brain network activation for exploring the characteristics of large-scale cortical activities in depressed adolescents engaged with NSSI to clarify the underlying temporal mechanism. A modified k-means cluster algorithm was used to segment 64-channel resting-state EEG data into microstates. Data from 27 healthy adolescents, 37 adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 53 adolescents with both MDD and NSSI were examined in this study. The resting-state microstate parameters were compared among groups using the one-way ANOVA and Spearman correlation. Then the associations between significantly different microstate parameters and the depressive severity and self-harming data in the patient groups were further analyzed. The MDD group had higher contribution (p < 0.01), occurrence (p < 0.01) of microstate A, and higher microstate E→A transition (p < 0.05) than the HC and the NSSI group. The MDD group showed a distinctly longer duration (p < 0.05) of microstate A and microstate A→C transition than the HC. The transition probability from B to C was increased in the NSSI group compared to the HC. In the MDD group, the HAMD correlated with the duration of microstate A (Spearman's rho = 0.34, p = 0.044), as the PHQ-9 correlated with its occurrence (Spearman's rho = 0.37, p = 0.028). This research revealed that whereas depressive adolescents with NSSI and MDD displayed similar patterns with healthy controls in EEG microstate, the MDD group did not. Additionally, the non-random transition from microstate E→A may protect against recent self-harm in adolescents with MDD., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest No conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Microstates are analogous to characters in a language, and short fragments consisting of several microstates (k-mers) are analogous to words. We aimed to investigate whether microstate k-mers could be used as neurophysiological biomarkers to differentiate between depressed patients and normal controls. We utilized a bag-of-words model to process microstate sequences, using k-mers with a k range of 1-10 as terms, and the term frequency (TF) with or without inverse-document-frequency (IDF) as features. We performed nested cross-validation on Dataset 1 (27 patients and 26 controls) and Dataset 2 (34 patients and 30 controls) separately and then trained on one dataset and tested on the other. The best area under the curve (AUC) of 81.5% was achieved for the model with L1 regularization using the TF of 4-mers as features in Dataset 1, and the best AUC of 88.9% was achieved for the model with L1 regularization using the TF of 9-mers as features in Dataset 2. When Dataset 1 was used as the training set, the best AUC of predicting Dataset 2 was 74.1% for the model with L2 regularization using the TF-IDF of 9-mers as features, while the best AUC of predicting Dataset 1 was 70.2% for the model with L1 regularization using the TF of 8-mers as features. Our study provided novel insights into the potential of microstate k-mers as neurophysiological biomarkers for individual-level classification of depression. These may facilitate further exploration of microstate sequences using natural language processing techniques., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Ewing's family sarcoma (EFS) is an aggressive malignancy with a peak incidence in adolescents. Multimodal treatment involves surgery and/or radiotherapy, and chemotherapy typically with VDC/IE (vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide alternating with ifosfamide and etoposide). There is a paucity of data for the treatment of adults, with protocols extrapolated from the pediatric setting. This study aimed to assess patterns of care, chemotherapy tolerability across age groups, and outcomes from four Australian sarcoma centers., Methods: ANZSA ACCORD sarcoma database and medical records were used to identify and collect data of patients aged ≥ 10 years with EFS who received VDC/IE between 2010 and 2020. Survival outcomes were analyzed based on chemotherapy received dose intensity (RDI). Clinical predictors of RDI were explored using logistic regression., Results: Of 146 patients with EFS, 76 received VDC/IE. The majority had localized disease (65%). Seventy-one percent completed scheduled chemotherapy, with some requiring dose reduction (29%), delay > 7 days (65%), or cycle omission (4%). Hematological toxicity was the main reason for dose reduction/delay. Fifty-seven percent patients achieved an acceptable RDI ≥85%. Compared to those aged 10-19, the odds ratio for acceptable RDI aged 40-59 was 0.20 (95% CI 0.04-0.86, p = 0.04). RDI was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival, after accounting for age, gender, Ewing's type, primary site, and stage (adjusted HR 0.25 [95% CI 0.10-0.63], p = 0.004)., Conclusion: Survival outcomes in EFS were associated with chemotherapy RDI. Older adults more commonly required dose reduction or early cessation of treatment due to toxicity. VDC/IE chemotherapy should be carefully tailored in adults > 40 years., (© 2023 The Authors. Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Kombucha is a fermented tea known for its health benefits. In this study, golden-flower tea ( Camellia petelotii) and honeysuckle-flower tea ( Lonicera japonica ) were first used as raw materials to prepare kombucha beverages. The antioxidant activities, total phenolic contents, concentrations of bioactive components, and sensory scores of two kombucha beverages were assessed. Additionally, effects of fermentation with or without tea residues on kombucha beverages were compared. The results found that two kombucha beverages possessed strong antioxidant activities and high scores of sensory analysis. In addition, fermentation with golden-flower tea residues could remarkably enhance the antioxidant activity (maximum 2.83 times) and total phenolic contents (3.48 times), while fermentation with honeysuckle tea residues had a minor effect. Furthermore, concentrations of several bioactive compounds could be increased by fermentation with golden-flower tea residues, but fermentation with honeysuckle-flower tea residues had limited effects. Moreover, the fermentation with or without tea residues showed no significant difference on sensory scores of golden-flower tea kombucha and honeysuckle-flower tea kombucha, and golden-flower tea kombucha had higher sensory scores than honeysuckle-flower tea kombucha. Therefore, it might be a better strategy to produce golden-flower tea kombucha by fermentation with tea residues, while honeysuckle-flower tea kombucha could be prepared without tea residues.

Kombucha is traditional drink made from the fermentation of a black tea infusion, and is believed to offer a variety of health benefits. Recently, exploring kombucha made from alternative substrates has become a research hotspot. In this paper, two novel kombucha beverages were produced with bamboo leaf or mulberry leaf for the first time. Moreover, the effects of fermentation with leaf residues (infusion plus residues) or without leaf residues (only infusion) on the antioxidant properties of kombucha were compared. The ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay, Folin-Ciocalteu method, and high-performance liquid chromatography were utilized to measure the antioxidant capacities, total phenolic contents, as well as some compound concentrations of the kombucha. The results showed that two types of kombucha had high antioxidant capacities. Moreover, kombucha fermented with bamboo leaf residues (infusion plus residues) significantly enhanced its antioxidant capabilities (maximum increase 83.6%), total phenolic content (maximum increase 99.2%), concentrations of some compounds (luteolin-6-C-glucoside and isovitexin), and sensory acceptability, compared to that without residues (only infusion). In addition, fermentation with leaf residues had no significant effect on mulberry leaf kombucha. Overall, the bamboo leaf was more suitable for making kombucha with residues, while the mulberry leaf kombucha was suitable for fermentation with or without residues.

The number of individuals experiencing mental disorders (e.g., anxiety and depression) has significantly risen in recent years. Therefore, it is essential to seek prevention and treatment strategies for mental disorders. Several gut microbiota, especially Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, are demonstrated to affect mental health through microbiota-gut-brain axis, and the gut microbiota dysbiosis can be related to mental disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and other mental disorders. On the other hand, dietary components, including probiotics (e.g., Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium ), prebiotics (e.g., dietary fiber and alpha-lactalbumin), synbiotics, postbiotics (e.g., short-chain fatty acids), dairy products, spices (e.g., Zanthoxylum bungeanum , curcumin, and capsaicin), fruits, vegetables, medicinal herbs, and so on, could exert protective effects against mental disorders by enhancing beneficial gut microbiota while suppressing harmful ones. In this paper, the mental disorder-associated gut microbiota are summarized. In addition, the protective effects of dietary components on mental health through targeting the gut microbiota are discussed. This paper can be helpful to develop some dietary natural products into pharmaceuticals and functional foods to prevent and treat mental disorders.

Hydrogen/carbon dioxide (H 2 /CO 2 ) separation for sustainable energy is in desperate need of reliable membranes at high temperatures. Molecular sieve membranes take their nanopores to differentiate sizes between H 2 and CO 2 but have compromised at a marked loss of selectivity at high temperatures owing to diffusion activation of CO 2 . We used molecule gatekeepers that were locked in the cavities of the metal-organic framework membrane to meet this challenge. Ab initio calculations and in situ characterizations demonstrate that the molecule gatekeepers make a notable move at high temperatures to dynamically reshape the sieving apertures as being extremely tight for CO 2 and restitute with cool conditions. The H 2 /CO 2 selectivity was improved by an order of magnitude at 513 kelvin (K) relative to that at the ambient temperature.

Background: This study aimed to objectively evaluate the severity of impulsivity [behavior inhibitory control (BIC) impairment] among adolescents with depression. In particular, those involved in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors, compared with those engaged in suicidal behaviors and adolescents without any self-injury behavior, using event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) within the two-choice oddball paradigm., Methods: Participants with a current diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) engaged in repetitive NSSI for five or more days in the past year ( n = 53) or having a history of at least one prior complete suicidal behavior ( n = 31) were recruited in the self-injury group. Those without self-injury behavior were recruited in the MDD group ( n = 40). They completed self-report scales and a computer-based two-choice oddball paradigm during which a continuous electroencephalogram was recorded. The difference waves in P3d were derived from the deviant minus standard wave, and the target index was the difference between the two conditions. We focused on latency and amplitude, and time-frequency analyses were conducted in addition to the conventional index., Results: Participants with self-injury, compared to those with depression but without self-injury, exhibited specific deficits in BIC impairment, showing a significantly larger amplitude. Specifically, the NSSI group showed the highest value in amplitude and theta power, and suicidal behavior showed a high value in amplitude but the lowest value in theta power. These results may potentially predict the onset of suicide following repetitive NSSI., Conclusion: These findings contribute to substantial progress in exploring neuro-electrophysiological evidence of self-injury behaviors. Furthermore, the difference between the NSSI and suicide groups might be the direction of prediction of suicidality., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Ma, Zhou, Zhao, Hu, Peng, Jiang, He, Wang, Hong and Kuang.)

The ethanol/water separation challenge highlights the adsorption capacity/selectivity trade-off problem. We show that the target guest can serve as a gating component of the host to block the undesired guest, giving molecular sieving effect for the adsorbent possessing large pores. Two hydrophilic/water-stable metal azolate frameworks were designed to compare the effects of gating and pore-opening flexibility. Large amounts (up to 28.7 mmol g -1 ) of ethanol with fuel-grade (99.5 %+) and even higher purities (99.9999 %+) can be produced in a single adsorption process from not only 95 : 5 but also 10 : 90 ethanol/water mixtures. More interestingly, the pore-opening adsorbent possessing large pore apertures showed not only high water adsorption capacity but also exceptionally high water/ethanol selectivity characteristic of molecular sieving. Computational simulations demonstrated the critical role of guest-anchoring aperture for the guest-dominated gating process., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

This paper investigates a dynamic event-triggered distributed observer for linear systems including two groups of local observers: one can access the local outputs and another cannot. By the detectability decomposition, the proposed observer contains a detectable sub-state (DSS) observer and a distributed undetectable sub-state (USS) observer. The dynamic event-triggered mechanism (DETM) for the outputs only requires a copy of the DSS observer with low dimension. Besides, only the USS estimate is transmitted to the neighbors which can reduce the communication burden. Positive minimum inter-event times are prescribed previously in the DETMs, and piece-wise dynamics for internal dynamic variables are employed. By modeling the error systems as hybrid systems, the exponential stability of the proposed observer is assured with the utilization of time-triggering method and event-triggering method., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Studies on the differences between chiral pesticide enantiomers have caused widespread concern in the last decade. In the current work, the selective behaviors and different biological activities of paclobutrazol enantiomers during Chinese cabbage pickling process were evaluated. Results of degradation kinetics indicated that when paclobutrazol reside in raw material (Chinese cabbage) and was introduced into the pickling process, the degradation rates of the two paclobutrazol enantiomers were significantly different, the half-lives of (2R, 3R)-paclobutrazol (R-paclobutrazol) and (2S, 3S)-paclobutrazol (S-paclobutrazol) were 18.24 and 6.19 d, respectively. Besides, the conversion between the two enantiomers could also be observed, and the conversion rate of R-paclobutrazol to S-paclobutrazol was slower than that of reverse process. In addition, from the analysis of 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing, we inferred that the degradation of paclobutrazol was probably due to the presence of Pseudomonas and Serratia. Moreover, there has a significant difference in biological activity between R-paclobutrazol and S-paclobutrazol and shown an obviously enantiomeric effects on microbial community composition of pickling system. Besides, the analysis of microbial community displayed R-paclobutrazol might inhibit the growth of Erwinia (a sort of plant pathogens). Results from this study served to enhance our understanding of chiral pesticide residues on food safety and the potential risks to human health., (© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Mangrove rhizosphere soils host diverse Actinobacteria tolerant to numerous stresses and are inevitably capable of exhibiting excellent biological activity by producing impressive numbers of bioactive natural products, including those with potential medicinal applications. In this study, we applied an integrated strategy of combining phylogenetic diversity, biological activities, and biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) screening approach to investigate the biotechnological importance of Actinobacteria isolated from mangrove rhizosphere soils from Hainan Island. The actinobacterial isolates were identifified using a combination of colony morphological characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Based on the results of PCR-detected BGCs screening, type I and II polyketide synthase (PKS) and non-ribosomal synthetase (NRPS) genes were detected. Crude extracts of 87 representative isolates were subjected to antimicrobial evaluation by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration of each strain against six indicator microorganisms, anticancer activities were determined on human cancer cell lines HepG2, HeLa, and HCT-116 using an MTT colorimetric assay, and immunosuppressive activities against the proliferation of Con A-induced T murine splenic lymphocytes in vitro . A total of 287 actinobacterial isolates affiliated to 10 genera in eight families of six orders were isolated from five different mangrove rhizosphere soil samples, specififically, Streptomyces (68.29%) and Micromonospora (16.03%), of which 87 representative strains were selected for phylogenetic analysis. The crude extracts of 39 isolates (44.83%) showed antimicrobial activity against at least one of the six tested indicator pathogens, especially ethyl acetate extracts of A-30 ( Streptomyces parvulus ), which could inhibit the growth of six microbes with MIC values reaching 7.8 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and its resistant strain, compared to the clinical antibiotic ciproflfloxacin. Furthermore, 79 crude extracts (90.80%) and 48 (55.17%) of the isolates displayed anticancer and immunosuppressive activities, respectively. Besides, four rare strains exhibited potent immunosuppressive activity against the proliferation of Con A-induced T murine splenic lymphocyte in vitro with an inhibition rate over 60% at 10 μg/mL. Type I and II polyketide synthase (PKS) and non-ribosomal synthetase (NRPS) genes were detected in 49.43, 66.67, and 88.51% of the 87 Actinobacteria, respectively. Signifificantly, these strains (26 isolates, 29.89%) harbored PKS I, PKS II, and NRPS genes in their genomes. Nevertheless, their bioactivity is independent of BGCs in this study. Our findings highlighted the antimicrobial, immunosuppressive, and anticancer potential of mangrove rhizosphere Actinobacteria from Hainan Island and the biosynthetic prospects of exploiting the corresponding bioactive natural product., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Ye, Zou, Zhou, Deng, Wu, Chen and Xu.)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in elderly people with a high incidence rate and complicated pathogenesis, and causes progressive cognitive deficit and memory impairment. Some natural products and bioactive compounds from natural sources show great potential in the prevention and treatment of AD, such as apple, blueberries, grapes, chili pepper, Monsonia angustifolia , cruciferous vegetables, Herba epimedii , Angelica tenuissima , Embelia ribes , sea cucumber, Cucumaria frondosa , green tea, Puer tea, Amanita caesarea and Inonotus obliquus , via reducing amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, decreasing Tau hyperphosphorylation, regulating cholinergic system, reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting apoptosis and ameliorating inflammation. This review mainly summarizes the effects of some natural products and their bioactive compounds on AD with the potential molecular mechanisms.

Dietary intake of caffeine has significantly increased in recent years, and beneficial and harmful effects of caffeine have been extensively studied. This paper reviews antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of caffeine as well as its protective effects on cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes mellitus, cancers, and neurodegenerative and liver diseases. In addition, we summarize the side effects of long-term or excessive caffeine consumption on sleep, migraine, intraocular pressure, pregnant women, children, and adolescents. The health benefits of caffeine depend on the amount of caffeine intake and the physical condition of consumers. Moderate intake of caffeine helps to prevent and modulate several diseases. However, the long-term or over-consumption of caffeine can lead to addiction, insomnia, migraine, and other side effects. In addition, children, adolescents, pregnant women, and people who are sensitive to caffeine should be recommended to restrict/reduce their intake to avoid potential adverse effects.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is regarded as a hazardous pollutant that exists widely in aquatic environments, posing a severe threat to human health. In this study, a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) lamp emitting a hybrid of 254 nm and 185 nm light was used to degrade BPA. Results indicated that photolysis via 254 nm wavelength accounted for 24.93% for BPA decay, while indirect oxidation was responsible for 52.27% of decay. Results confirmed that the degradation of BPA under VUV illumination mainly occurred via photo-excited degradation and ·OH electrophilic addition reactions based on average local ionization energy (ALIE) calculation and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Therefore, only light with a wavelength of 254 nm was able to induce the first three excited states of BPA, forming the electron transition type of n → π* from O atom to a single benzene ring and π → π* in the single benzene ring. Indirect oxidation by ·OH occurred as it preferentially attacked the C6 atom in BPA ring A. Moreover, the energy required for photo-excited degradation was about twofold than that of ·OH electrophilic addition reactions., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Agricultural plastic films and triazole fungicides are widely used in agricultural production process. Exposure to natural environment, agricultural plastic films will degrade into micron plastic particles, which will adsorb pesticide molecules and may affect their toxicity, biological activity and persistence. The long-term coexistence of microplastics (MPs) and triazole fungicides will bring potential harms to the agricultural ecological environment. Therefore, two kinds of triazole fungicides flusilazole (FLU) and epoxiconazole (EPO) were selected as cases and the adsorption behaviors of them on polystyrene and polyethylene were investigated. A series of factors which could affect the adsorption behavior were evaluated. Specifically, the particle size of MPs could affect its adsorption capacity, and the smaller the particle size, the stronger the adsorption capacity. Moreover, with the increase of pH value from 6.0 to 9.0, the adsorption capacity of MPs to target compounds gradually increased. The effect of ionic strength was evaluated by NaCl, and 0.05% of NaCl was beneficial to the adsorption process, while the continuous increase of NaCl concentration inhibited the adsorption. Oxalic acid and humic acid decreased the adsorption capacity of flusilazole on PE by 15.99-32.00% and PS by 35.02-48.67%, respectively. In addition, compared with the single pesticide system, the adsorption capacity of MPs for flusilazole and epoxiconazole in the binary pesticides system decreased by 36.13-37.93% and 44.36-51.35%, respectively, indicating that competitive adsorption occurred between the two pesticides. Meanwhile, the adsorption process was evaluated by adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms and were consistent with pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. Finally, several characterization analyses were conducted to investigated the adsorption mechanism, and hydrogen, halogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction proved to play an important role. The study on the adsorption behavior and mechanism of pesticide on MPs was the basis of assessing the risk of joint exposure., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Depression and anxiety are severe public health problems and have attracted more and more attention from researchers of food science and nutrition. Dietary natural products and nutrients, such as fish, coffee, tea, n-3 PUFA, lycopene, and dietary fiber, could play a vital role in the prevention and management of these diseases. The potential mechanisms of action mainly include inhibiting inflammation, ameliorating oxidative stress, modulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis, suppressing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity, and regulating the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters. In this narrative review, we summarize the most recent advancements regarding the effects of dietary natural products and nutrients on depression and anxiety, and their underlying mechanisms are discussed. We hope that this paper can provide a better understanding of the anti-depressive and anxiolytic action of dietary natural products, and that it is also helpful for developing dietary natural products for functional food, dietary supplements, or auxiliary agents for the prevention and management of these diseases.

Chemical separations, mostly based on heat-driven techniques such as distillation, account for a large portion of the world's energy consumption. In principle, differential adsorption is a more energy-efficient separation method, but conventional adsorbent materials are still not effective for many industry-relevant mixtures. Porous coordination polymers (PCPs), or metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), are attractive for their well-defined, designable, modifiable, and flexible structures connecting to various potential applications. While the importance of the structural flexibility of MOFs in adsorption-based functions has been demonstrated, the understanding of this special feature is still in its infancy and mostly stays at the periodic structural transformation at the equilibrium state and the special shapes of single-component adsorption isotherms. There are many confusions about the categorization and roles of various types of flexibility. This Account discusses the role of flexibility of MOFs for adsorptive separation, mainly from the thermodynamic and kinetic points of view.As the classic type of framework flexibility, guest-driven structural transformations and the corresponding adsorption isotherms can be thermodynamically described by the energies of the host-guest system. The highly guest-specific pore-opening action showing contrasting single-component adsorption isotherms is regarded as a strategy for achieving molecular sieving without the need for aperture size control, but its effect and role for mixture separation are still controversial. Quantitative mixture adsorption/separation experiments showed that the common periodic (cooperative) pore-opening action leads to coadsorption of molecules smaller than the opened aperture, while the aperiodic (noncooperative) one can achieve inversed molecular sieving under a thermodynamic mechanism.The energy barrier and structure in the nonequilibrium state are also important for flexibility and adsorption/separation. With suitable energy barriers between metastable structures, new types of framework flexibility such as aperture gating can be realized. While kinetically controlled gating flexibility is usually ignored because of the difficulty of characterization or considered as disadvantageous for separation because of the variable aperture size, it plays a critical role in most kinetic separation systems, including adsorbents conventionally regarded as rigid. With the concept of gating flexibility, the meanings of aperture and guest sizes for judging molecular sieving need to be reconsidered. Gating flexibility depends on not only the host itself but also the guest, the host-guest interaction, and the external environment such as temperature, which can be rationally tuned to achieve special adsorption/separation behaviors such as inversed temperature dependence, molecular sieving, and even inversed thermodynamic selectivity. The comprehensive understanding of the thermodynamic and kinetic bases of flexibility will give a new horizon for next-generation separation materials beyond MOFs and adsorbents.

The epidemic of obesity is a serious public health problem. In this study, the effect of theabrownin from dark tea on obesity was evaluated by biochemical tests and nuclear magnetic resonance in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet. A mixture of antibiotics was used to deplete gut microbiota and then fecal microbiota transplant was used to restore gut microbiota. Untargeted metabolomics was used to reveal the effects of theabrownin on metabolic profiles through gut microbiota. The results showed that theabrownin significantly reduced body weight gain (83.0%) and body fat accumulation (30.29%) without affecting appetite. Also, theabrownin promoted lipid clearance with a hepatoprotective effect. The extra antibiotics disrupted the regulation of theabrownin on weight control while fecal microbiota transplant restored the beneficial regulation. That is, gut microbiota was important for theabrownin to reduce body weight gain. The untargeted metabolomics indicated that 18 metabolites were related to the anti-obesity effect of theabrownin mediated by gut microbiota. Furthermore, phenylalanine metabolism, histidine metabolism, as well as protein digestion and absorption pathway played a role in the anti-obesity of theabrownin. Our findings suggested that theabrownin significantly alleviated obesity via gut microbiota-related metabolic pathways, and theabrownin could be used for the prevention and treatment of obesity.

The gut microbiota and their metabolites could play an important role in health and diseases of human beings. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are mainly produced by gut microbiome fermentation of dietary fiber and could also be produced by bacteria of the skin and vagina. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate are three major SCFAs, and their bioactivities have been widely studied. The SCFAs have many health benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anticancer, cardiovascular protective, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective activities. This paper summarizes health benefits and side effects of SCFAs with a special attention paid to the mechanisms of action. This paper provides better support for people eating dietary fiber as well as ways for dietary fiber to be developed into functional food to prevent diseases.

Grape ( Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most popular fruits worldwide. It contains various bioactive compounds, such as proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, flavonols, phenolic acids and stilbenes, the contents of which could vary considerably in grape skin, pulp and seed. Many studies have revealed that grape possesses a variety of health benefits, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, gut-microbiota-modulating, anticancer and cardioprotective effects. Grape is eaten as fresh fruit and is also used as raw material to produce various products, such as wine, grape juice and raisins. Moreover, the byproducts of grape, such as grape pomace and grape seed, have many applications in the food industry. In this paper, the bioactive compounds in grape are briefly summarized based on literature published in recent years. In addition, the health benefits of grape and its bioactive components are discussed, with special attention paid to the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, the applications of grape in the food industry are elucidated, especially the applications of grape pomace and grape seed. This paper can contribute to understanding the health benefits and mechanisms of grape and its bioactive compounds, as well as the promotion of the use of grape in the food industry.

In this work, a sensitive and cost-effective method for the quantitative analysis of azole pesticides residues in six medicinal plants was established based on magnetic cyclodextrin crosslinked with tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile (Fe 3 O 4 @TFN-CDPs) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Through characterization analysis, the outer shell of Fe 3 O 4 @TFN-CDPs has observed coating with a network of the polymer and forming a core-shell structure. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) and limits of qualification (LOQs) of target pesticides were ranged from 0.011 to 0.106 µg Kg -1 and from 0.036 to 0.354 µg Kg -1 , respectively. Finally, the achieved recoveries of pesticides in six medicinal samples fluctuated from 60.1% to 102.3%. Altogether, this method based on Fe 3 O 4 @TFN-CDPs composites provided a new idea for the analysis of trace pesticides in complicated matrices., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Kombucha beverage is commonly prepared by black tea infusion fermentation without tea residues, and possesses various health benefits. In this paper, kombucha beverages of two non- Camellia sinensis teas, including vine tea ( Ampelopsis grossedentata ) and sweet tea ( Rubus suavissimus ), were studied for the first time. The antioxidant activities and polyphenol contents of kombucha beverages were evaluated by ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay, and Folin-Ciocalteu method, respectively. In addition, effects of tea residues on antioxidant capacities of kombucha beverages were evaluated. The results showed that kombucha beverages from vine tea and sweet tea possessed strong antioxidant activities (especially vine tea kombucha), and fermentation with tea residues could significantly increase antioxidant capacities (maximum increase of 38%) and total phenolic content (maximum increase of 55%) of two kombucha beverages compared with those without tea residues. Moreover, the sensory evaluations showed that the sensory evaluation scores of kombucha with tea residues could be improved compared with those without tea residues. Furthermore, the concentrations of several bioactive components in the kombucha beverages were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. These kombucha beverages could be used for prevention of several diseases with related of oxidative stress.

Cancer is the leading cause of death in the world. Curcumin is the main ingredient in turmeric ( Curcuma longa L.), and is widely used in the food industry. It shows anticancer properties on different types of cancers, and the underlying mechanisms of action include inhibiting cell proliferation, suppressing invasion and migration, promoting cell apoptosis, inducing autophagy, decreasing cancer stemness, increasing reactive oxygen species production, reducing inflammation, triggering ferroptosis, regulating gut microbiota, and adjuvant therapy. In addition, the anticancer action of curcumin is demonstrated in clinical trials. Moreover, the poor water solubility and low bioavailability of curcumin can be improved by a variety of nanotechnologies, which will promote its clinical effects. Furthermore, although curcumin shows some adverse effects, such as diarrhea and nausea, it is generally safe and tolerable. This paper is an updated review of the prevention and management of cancers by curcumin with a special attention to its mechanisms of action.