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Childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) is an unusual severe neurodevelopmental disorder of unknown etiology. In this study, we aimed to survey the missense variants in new cases of COS and also identify possible pathology biomarkers for COS. We found one list of mutated genes such as TTN, MUC12, and MUC2, which are the candidates to be involved in the etiology of COS. Next, we used WGSNA to predict COS disease-related genes and identified differential DNA methylation among COS disease groups, COS dangerous groups, and normal groups and found eight methylation sites that can be used as the diagnostic biomarkers. A total of six key genes are obtained through the intersection analysis between weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) mode, methylation-related genes, and differentially expressed genes (DGenes). These genes may play important roles in the progression of COS and serve as the potential biomarkers for future diagnosis. Our results might help to design the molecule or gene-targeted drugs for COS.

Frequency doubling of second-Stokes in an acousto-optic Q-switched Nd:YVO4 cascaded self-Raman cavity is demonstrated to achieve a narrow pulse-width red laser. A three-stage bonded YVO4/Nd:YVO4/YVO4 crystal is designed by comprehensively considering the improvement of thermal effect, the performance of fundamental frequency laser and Raman conversion, to improve the Raman efficiency and output power. An LBO crystal cut for critical phase matching at room temperature is selected and used as a nonlinear optical crystal for realizing the frequency doubling of second- Stokes wave. Its phase matching angle (θ = 86.0°, φ = 0°) is very close to the non-critical phase matching angle and has a small walk-off angle, which is beneficial to the realizing of the high conversion efficiency of frequency doubling. In the experiment, the beam waist position of the pump light and the repetition frequency of the acousto-optic Q-switcher are optimized. Under an incident pump power of 14.2 W and a repetition frequency of 60 kHz, the highest average output power of 1.63 W and conversion efficiency of 11.5% are obtained for the 657 nm red laser emission. The pulse width of 657 nm red light is 11.5 ns at the maximum output power, which is much narrower than that generated by frequency doubling of ordinary neodymium-doped laser at a waveband of 1.3 μm. The result shows that the frequency doubling of the acousto-optic Q-switched Nd:YVO4 cascaded self-Ramanlaser can take advantage of the pulse-width compression characteristics of Raman process to achieve a narrower pulse-width red light laser output.

It is difficult in measuring the electron density of an atmospheric air spark shock wave plasma jet, due to its variation on the time scale of sub-microseconds. In this paper, the time-varying electron density of air spark shock wave plasma jet is measured, based on the principle of microwave Rayleigh scattering. The system constant A is determined by using calibration of materials with known properties; the results show that the system constant is obtained as A = 1.04 × 105 V·Ω·m–2. According to the principle of microwave Rayleigh scattering, the electron density of the plasma jet is related to its radius and length of the plasma jet plume. Combined with the discharge image captured by ICCD camera, it is observed that the plasma jet plumes are with irregular patterns. In order to facilitate the calculation, the plasma jet plumes are replaced by cylinders with the same volume as the original shapes. Thus, the equivalent radius and length of the plasma jet plume are obtained. According to the known data, the electron density is determined to be in the order of 1020 m–3; its value increases rapidly to the peak value, and after then exponential attenuates along with time. In addition, the effect of different equivalent dimensions of the plasma jet plume on the measurement results is also discussed. It is shown that the calculation result with the time-varying equivalent radius and the time-varying equivalent length is the most effective one. In addition, the first fast peak is caused by the ionization wave of the photo ionization. The actual ionization process is that the air discharge in the cathode cavity releases a large number of high energy photons, which pass through the cathode nozzle and project into the region outside the nozzle; and then the O2 molecule in the ambient air are ionized by those high energy photons to form the plasma jet plume at the time of 1 μs.

The grain boundaries (GBs) have a strong effect on the electric properties of ZnO thin film transistors (TFTs). A novel grain boundary model was developed to analyse the effect. The model was characterized with different angles between the orientation of the grain boundary and the channel direction. The potential barriers formed by the grain boundaries increase with the increase of the grain boundary angle, so the degradation of the transistor characteristics increases. When a grain boundary is close to the drain edge, the potential barrier height reduces, so the electric properties were improved.

The organism is a dynamic liquid crystalline continuum with coherent motions on every scale. Evidence is presented that biological (interfacial) water, aligned and moving coherently with the macromolecular matrix, is integral to the liquid crystallinity of the organism; and that the liquid crystalline continuum facilitates rapid intercommunication throughout the body, enabling it to function as a perfectly coherent whole