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The aim of this study was to conduct a thorough scientific investigation into the similarities and differences in the quality of the cellars of different Luzhou‐flavor liquor wineries in Yibin production area and the reasons for them. This study analyzed cellar mud samples from five wineries in Yibin production area. The analysis of volatile flavor compounds was carried out using headspace solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The bacterial and archaeal community structures and their correlations were analyzed by high‐throughput sequencing. The study indicates that the Distillery A had the highest levels of ammonium nitrogen and effective phosphorus, Distillery F had the highest humus levels, and Distillery I had the highest pH levels. The community structure of the principal bacterial and archaeal communities in the five subterranean clays exhibited similarity, and all samples were dominated by Firmicutes as the primary bacterial group. However, there was variation in bacterial abundance. The cellar mud also has obvious regional differences, and there are three genera of differentially dominant archaea in the archaea. In summary, significant differences were observed in the physicochemical indexes of bacterial and archaeal abundance across all five samples. These differences led to variations in both the content and composition of volatile constituents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A bioinspired vine-like nanofiber membrane is achieved via facile one-step method. • The membrane possesses special wettability and enhanced flame retardancy. • The oily fumes filtration efficiency is 99.78 %, pressure drop is 68.11 Pa. • The membrane displays good reusability and stability for actual COFs purification. • Achieve a trade-off between purification efficiency and air permeability. Indoor air pollution, especially from cooking oil fumes (COFs), has become a serious issue that affects human health. Obtaining filters that can offer high efficiency, high air permeability and good reusability and stability for COFs removal remains a challenge. Herein, a bioinspired vine-like polyethylene terephthalate/cellulose acetate (PET/CA) composite nanofibrous membrane with high filtration performance, high air permeability and enhanced flame retardancy for COFs removal is achieved via a one-step co-electrospinning process. The nanofibrous membrane consists of hierarchically branched nanofibers to offer small pore size (0.48 μm), high porosity (94.75 %) and low packing density (0.22 g m−3), as well as surface superhydrophobicity (water contact angle of 154°) and superoleophilicity (vegetable oil wetting time of 0.21 s). The nanofibrous filter demonstrates high-efficiency COFs removal (>99.5 %), low air resistance (<70 Pa) and good reusability and stability for actual COFs purification. By virtue of the simple fabrication technique and the superiorities in COFs capture, the bioinspired vine-like hierarchical structured nanofibrous membranes have promising applications for oily fumes filtration and air purification in the catering industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the creep‐fatigue responses of the nickel‐based superalloy Inconel 718 have been investigated by conducting hybrid stress–strain‐controlled creep‐fatigue interaction (HCFI) loading experiments at 650°C with different dwell stresses and dwell periods. Deformation responses demonstrate that stress dwell leads to complex cyclic responses, such as an increase in softening rate and changes in inelastic strain rate. Then, a novel creep equivalent stress determination method is proposed based on stress relaxed characteristics. After modifying the continuum damage mechanics (CDM) model with this method, accurate prediction results of the creep‐fatigue cyclic life under strain‐controlled creep‐fatigue loading and HCFI loading can be obtained. Finally, the damage evolutions of Inconel 718 under HCFI loading are analyzed by CDM model. The results of damage evolution indicate that the trend of damage accumulation under different test conditions is consistent with the trend of inelastic strain in the material. Highlights: The creep‐fatigue responses of Inconel 718 under HCFI loading are investigated.A creep equivalent stress determination method based on stress relaxation is proposed.Accurate life prediction results obtained under various loadings at high temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal contamination is a major problem in many estuaries. Toxicokinetic models are useful tools for predicting metal accumulation in estuarine organisms and managing the associated ecological risks. However, obtaining toxicokinctic parameter values with sufficient predictive power is challenging for dynamic estuarine waters. In this study, we determined die toxicokinetics of multiple metals in the oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis in a dynamic estuary polluted by metals using a 48 day transplant experiment During the experiment, metal concentrations in oysters, water, and suspended particles were intensively monitored at 3 day intervals. The toxicokinetic parameters were then estimated using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. The calibrated model was capable of successfully simulating the time-course of metal bioaccumulation in oysters and was further validated by predicting the bioaccumulation at another site in the estuary. Furthermore, the model was used to assess the relative importance of different pathways in metal bioaccumulation. With the MCMC method, distributions instead of single values were assigned to model parameters. This method makes the model predictions probabilistic with clearly defined uncertainties, and they are thus particularly useful for the risk assessment of metals in aquatic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this approach, polyelectrolyte film-coated nanofibrous silk fibroin (SF) nonwovens were prepared from the alternate deposition of positively charged polyethylenimine (PEI) and negatively charged SF using electrostatic layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembled technology. The composite membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The SF-PEI multilayer-assembled nanofibers (less than five layers) were fine and uniform with the fiber diameter from 400 nm to 600 nm, and had very large surface area and high porosity (more than 70%). The amino groups of PEI were proved to be deposited onto SF nonwovens, which granted the coated nonwovens with potential applicability for copper ions adsorption. The PEI films coated SF substrate showed much higher copper ions adsorption capacity than that of ethanol treated SF nanofibers. Adding the number of PEI coated could enhance the Cu 2+ adsorption capacity significantly. The maximum milligrams per gram of copper ions adsorbed reached 59.7 mg/g when the SF substrate was coated with 5 bilayers of SF-PEI. However, the copper ions adsorption capacity had no obvious change as the number of PEI continued to increase. These results suggest potential for PEL film-coated nanofibrous nonwovens as a new adsorbent for metal ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid-state lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) are promising owing to enhanced safety and high energy density. However, the issues of Li dendrite growth and large electrolyte-electrode interfacial resistance still hinder their practical applications in LMBs. Here, a Li anode-electrolyte structure integration has been developed using in-situ chemical reactions between the polyvinylidene fluoride/Li 3x La 2/3−x TiO 3 /N-methyl pyrrolidone (PVDF/LLTO/NMP) solution and the Li metal interphase. After gradually coating the PVDF/LLTO/NMP solution onto Li metal, NMP as catalyst, inducing PVDF reacted with Li spontaneously to form lithium fluorine (LiF), and the accompanying Ti4+ ions (in LLTO) are reduced to Ti3+ ions to form a LLTO ionic/electronic conductor (Li x LLTO). After NMP evaporation, an ionic/electronic conductor protective layer of LiF/Li x LLTO is created between the PVDF/LLTO electrolytes and Li metal. When applying the integrated solid-state Li batteries (ISSLBs), the protective layer can reduce interfacial resistance and the formation of Li dendrites by regulating the even Li deposition redistributing the Li-ion transport. As a result, the as-assembled LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 /ISSLBs achieves an initial capacity of 181 mA h g−1 and retains 83% capacity after 200 cycles at 0.5 C. This design can be an effective strategy to tailor the properties of Li-metal anodes for achieving dendrite-free LMBs with high performance and high safety. • Novel solid electrolyte interfaces are synthesized through in-situ chemical reaction. • Interfacial resistance is greatly reduced through integrating CPEs with Li metal anode. • The integrated solid-state Li batteries are assembled and performs well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By direct numerical simulations of the plane Couette flow (PCF) in a large computational domain, it is shown that an isolated turbulent band decays monotonically at low Reynolds numbers but experiences transient growth before the eventual relaminarization at moderate Reynolds numbers. The lower bound Reynolds number of the transient-growth regime is determined as 286. The width, length, and tilt angle of the isolated band structure are defined based on the disturbance kinetic energy in the mid-plane, and the geometric characteristics of the band can be described with a tilted rectangle. It is illustrated that before its eventual fragmentation, the isolated turbulent band decays in a style of longitudinal contraction, where the center, width, and tilt angle of the band keep almost constant but the band length contracts with a statistically constant velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesoporous particles have attracted considerable attention in drug delivery system, because they can offer fast mass transport and overcome the diffusion restriction as occurred in micro/nano- porous particles. Conventional mesoporous particles are generally dominated by inorganic compounds, little concern has been raised over biodegradable organic polymers, especially silk fibroin. Here, we show that Antheraea pernyi (A. pernyi) silk fibroin, rich in Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) moiety, can be developed into mesoporous particles via self-assembly in a direct and eco-friendly (without any organic solvents) manner for sustained release of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). By cultivating a mild condition at 40 ℃, a mesoporous structure was successfully achieved without any foreign organic solvents. The self-assembled mesoporous particles were quasi-spherical in shape with an average diameter of 1.58 µm. Mesopores ran through the entire particles to construct a divergent structure with external pore diameters ranging from 30 to 60 nm and internal pore width of 6.225 nm. The mesoporous particles were predominated by β -sheet conformation (∼45%), which effectively reduced the weight-loss ratio to 2.6%. 5-FU was encapsulated into the mesoporous particles by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals force as well as ionic interactions. Drug loading efficiency and encapsulation efficiency were found to be 26.24% and 50.36%, respectively. The mesoporous particles enabled sustained drug release, with approximately 90% release after 110 h. After a small burst release (20%) of the surface-bound 5-FU, a slower linear release dominated by Fickian-diffusion occurred. These features together with the excellent biocompatibility of A. pernyi silk indicated that the self-assembled mesoporous particles would be an ideal carrier for sustained drug release to meet critical requirements of biomaterials. Furthermore, without any foreign materials, this one-step strategy may offer new green chemistry approaches as well as options to load bioactive drugs. [Display omitted] • Mesoporous Antheraea pernyi particle was fabricated in a direct and eco-friendly way. • Mesopores ran through the entire particles to construct a divergent structure. • The mesoporous particles were predominated by β -sheet conformation. • The mesoporous particles enabled sustained release of 5-FU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Cinnamaldehyde will not affect the physical and chemical indicators of ready-to-eat beef but can effectively inhibit the growth of microorganisms. • Cinnamaldehyde inhibits spore germination due to downregulation of the smc and mreB genes. • Cinnamaldehyde inhibits the osmotic pressure regulation by downregulating kdp family and opuE genes in spores. • Cinnamaldehyde cannot interfere with the regulation of the resistance regulatory system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect and mechanism of cinnamaldehyde on Bacillus cereus spores in ready-to-eat beef. The colour difference and texture of the ready-to-eat beef supplemented with cinnamaldehyde did not differ greatly from the colour and texture of the blank beef. However, cinnamaldehyde has an effective antibacterial effect on the total number of bacterial colonies and B. cereus spores in ready-to-eat beef. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that the cell membrane of B. cereus was disrupted by cinnamaldehyde, leading to leakage of intracellular components. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) indicated that the B. cereus spore resistance regulation system (sigB , sigW , rsbW , rsbV , yfkM and yflT) and phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system (PTS) (ptsH , ptsI and ptsG) respond positively to cinnamaldehyde in an adverse environment. Intracellular disorders due to damage to the cell membrane involve some transporters (copA , opuBA and opuD) and some oxidative stress systems (ywrO, scdA and katE) in the regulation of the body. However, downregulation of K+ transport channels (kdpD and kdpB), osmotic pressure regulation (opuE) and some oxidative stress (norR and srrA)-related genes may accelerate spore apoptosis. In addition, cinnamaldehyde also effectively inhibits the spore germination-related genes (smc , mreB and gerE). This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of the antibacterial effect of cinnamaldehyde on B. cereus spores in ready-to-eat beef. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functionalized polyamide 6 (PA 6) filament fabric with excellent thermal stability and UV resistance was copolymerized with methyl methacrylate (MMA) via in-situ grafting initiated by immobilized ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Grafting modification process was determined at 30 % of H 2 O 2 , at 70 °C for 60 min of duration, and the grafting degree could be tuned by adjusting the amount of MMA. Microscopic investigations confirmed the granular MMA was immobilized on the surface of PA 6 fibers. A strong peak at 1729 cm−1, assigning to C O stretching of ester bond of MMA, demonstrated MMA was successful grafted. The decomposition temperature of grafted PA 6 occurring at 444.6 °C, was 40 °C higher than that of pristine PA 6 (403.4 °C). Additionally, the introduction of MMA also improved the UV resistance of PA, more than 80 % decrease in transmittance of UVA band and UVB band with only 0.34 % grafting degree. Therefore, it can be concluded that in-situ grafting of MMA can endow PA 6 with excellent thermal stability and UV resistance. We believe that in-situ grafting of MMA would have important guiding significance for the fabrication of PA 6 based textiles with excellent thermal stability and UV resistance. [Display omitted] • Functionalized PA6 was copolymerized with MMA via in-situ grafting initiated by immobilized H 2 A and H 2 O 2 in aqueous solution. • The grafting degree can be tuned by the amount of MMA and the process parameters of in-situ grafting. • Thermal stability of grafted PA6 was promoted greatly with the T d 40 °C higher than that of pristine PA 6. • UUV resistance of grafted PA 6 was enhanced dramatically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Synthesis of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile by indirect electrochemical method. • The presence of chloride ion facilitates the reaction. • Cyclic voltammetry revealed the effect of chloride ion on I− oxidation. • Cl− promoted further oxidation of I 2 to I+. An efficient and mild iodide-mediated indirect electrooxidation method to prepare 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile was developed. Cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic electrolysis were carried out to investigate the feasibility of this approach for 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde. Unexpectedly, an increase in the synthetic efficiency was obtained when the solution contained chloride ions. The cyclic voltammetric results indicated that an interhalide species, namely [ICl 2 ]−, was formed during oxidation of the iodide ion in the solutions containing chloride ions; this result was in contrast to the expected formation of the less electrophilic I 2. The strong electrophilicity of [ICl 2 ]− greatly enhanced the efficiency of the electrosynthetic approach to 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile. Overall, this synthesis system provides a green and efficient route to 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile, and hence, could be potentially applicable in the industrial preparation of aromatic nitriles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]