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ABSTRACTCortinariussect. Camphoraticonsists of telamonioid species with violet basidioma, strong odor, and distinct cheilocystidia. In this study, phylogenetic analysis based on nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and partial nuc rDNA 28S sequences has revealed three new species of the section from southwestern China, namely, C. longicystidiatus, C. megacystidiatus, and C. paraputorius, and a newly recorded species from southwestern China, viz., C. camphoratus, supplemented by the support from calculations of genetic distances of ITS sequences. Detailed descriptions of the four species are given with photographs, and their micromorphological characteristics are statistically compared. For species delimitation within the section, the size of basidiospores, the morphology of cheilocystidia, and the associated vegetation types and tree species are informative. A key to species in section Camphoratifrom the Northern Hemisphere is provided, and their geographic distributions and ecology are discussed.