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The fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) bar is a promising solution to problems caused by steel rebar corrosion in concrete. To assess the service life of the FRP bar based on accelerated test results, it is crucial to have a reliable model. Here, a modified exponential (MEP) model is proposed based on the Avrami equation. The Avrami equation provides a theoretical foundation for the empirical exponential (EP) model and does not a priori fix the power of the exposure time to one. A database containing 903 data points from 74 groups of test specimens is assembled to compare the reliability of the MEP model vis-a-vis the EP, single logarithmic, double logarithmic, and power function models. The combination of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and the coefficient of determination (R2) criteria is proposed for assessing model reliability. It is shown that in certain cases the combined criteria, versus R2 alone, significantly increase the number of test groups meeting the acceptable performance limit. Observed test data aberrations are found to have minor influence on the results of the EP model, but they significantly influence the results of the other four models. The EP model generally predicts the lowest activation energy and the smallest strength retention for similar groups of bars, while the predicted values of the other four models exhibit a relatively small difference. The difference between the predicted strength retention values of the EP and MEP models shows an increasing trend with the increase of the absolute value of (1 − n), where n is the power of the exposure time in the MEP model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the demand for multifunctional optoelectronic devices rises, the integration of electrochromic and energy storage functionalities represents a cutting‐edge pursuit in the electrochromic devices domain. The realm of conductive polymer‐based electrochromic energy storage devices (EESDs) stands as a vibrant area marked by ongoing research and development. Despite a plethora of individual research articles exploring various facets within this domain, there exists a conspicuous dearth of comprehensive reviews systematically scrutinizing the advancements, challenges, and potentials intrinsic to these systems. To fill this void, this review systematically outlines the latest progressions in EESDs centered on conductive conjugated polymers (CPs). The review commences with a thorough exploration of the foundational principles underpinning EESDs, encompassing their operational mechanisms, device configurations, and representative key performance indicators. Furthermore, the review categorizes diverse conductive polymers, shedding light on the latest advancements in EESD research utilizing these specific CP variants. This in‐depth analysis centers on their collaborative role in shaping electrochromic energy storage devices. Overall, this review is poised to captivate the interest of researchers toward state‐of‐the‐art CP‐based EESDs, establishing these pioneering technologies as pivotal contenders in defining the forthcoming landscape of wearable electronics, portable devices, and advanced energy storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium metal batteries with inorganic solid‐state electrolytes have emerged as strong and attractive candidates for electrochemical energy storage devices because of their high‐energy content and safety. Nonetheless, inherent challenges of deleterious lithium dendrite growth and poor interfacial stability hinder their commercial application. Herein, we report a liquid metal‐coated lithium metal (LM@Li) anode strategy to improve the contact between lithium metal and a Li6PS5Cl inorganic electrolyte. The LM@Li symmetric cell shows over 1000 h of stable lithium plating/stripping cycles at 2 mA cm−2 and a significantly higher critical current density of 9.8 mA cm−2 at 25°C. In addition, a full battery assembled with a high‐capacity composite LiNbO3@LiNi0.7Co0.2Mn0.1O2 (LNO@NCM721) cathode shows stable cycling performance. Experimental and computational results have demonstrated that dendrite growth tolerance and physical contact in solid‐state batteries can be reinforced by using LM interlayers for interfacial modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tin-based gas sensors have been developed for many years owing to their advantages of low price, high response and stability. However, selectivity remains a significant issue. Herein, Ag-SnO2 nanofibers are synthesized using AgCl as the doping reagent. The 3%Ag-SnO2 nanofibers sensors show a high response of 68 toward 1 ppm H2S at 90 °C. Besides, the sensor with 3% AgCl possesses the shortest response time about 136 s at 150 °C which is only 30% value of the sensor without AgCl doping. It is also demonstrated that the nanofibers show a high selectivity towards H2S. According to the ex situ x-ray photoelectron spectrum and x-ray diffraction results, AgCl was transferred to Ag2S after Ag-SnO2 was exposed to H2S, and reversible transformation between Ag2SO4 and Ag2S was the main mechanism for H2S detection. Compared with pure SnO2 nanofiber sensors, the presence of Ag2S with high conductivity greatly affects the resistance to H2S, resulting in high selectivity and response. This mechanism differs from that of the transformation between Ag2O and Ag2SO4. This study may provide a new strategy for the design and investigation of sensors with high selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supercapacitors (SCs) offer broad possibilities in the rising domain of military and civilian owing to their intrinsic properties of superior power density, long lifetime, and safety features. Despite of low‐cost, facile manufacture, and time‐saving, 3D printing technology unleashes the potential of SCs in terms of achieving desirable capacitance with high mass loading, fabrication of well‐designed complicated structures, and direct construction of on‐chip integration systems. In this review, first, the representative printing technologies for SCs and advanced printable materials are scrutinized for SCs and advanced printable materials. Then the structure design principles of electrodes and devices are respectively highlighted and reported cases are systematically summarized. Next, configurations of the SCs and their applications in various areas are described in detail. Finally, the promising research directions for the future are discussed. The perspectives reviewed here are expected to provide a comprehensive understanding of 3D‐printed SCs and guidance in realizing their promise in various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]