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National-based prospective surveillance of all-age patients with acute diarrhea was conducted in China between 2009‒2018. Here we report the etiological, epidemiological, and clinical features of the 152,792 eligible patients enrolled in this analysis. Rotavirus A and norovirus are the two leading viral pathogens detected in the patients, followed by adenovirus and astrovirus. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and nontyphoidal Salmonella are the two leading bacterial pathogens, followed by Shigella and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Patients aged <5 years had higher overall positive rate of viral pathogens, while bacterial pathogens were more common in patients aged 18‒45 years. A joinpoint analysis revealed the age-specific positivity rate and how this varied for individual pathogens. Our findings fill crucial gaps of how the distributions of enteropathogens change across China in patients with diarrhea. This allows enhanced identification of the predominant diarrheal pathogen candidates for diagnosis in clinical practice and more targeted application of prevention and control measures. Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in China. Here, the authors present results from a large sentinel surveillance scheme from 217 hospitals in all 31 provinces in mainland China, including ~150,000 patients with acute diarrhoea and covering years 2009-2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of autophagy on the drug resistance of different human lymphoma cells., Methods: Human Burkitt's lymphoma cell Daudi, human B lymphoma cell SUDHL-4, and human mantle cell lymphoma cell JeKo-1 were taken as the research subjects. The expression of Atg5 was inhibited by the treatments of autophagy inhibitors or stable interference via lentivirus infection. The autophagy activity of B lymphoma cell was changed, and the changes of lymphoma cells to the drug resistance of ADR and VCR was observed., Results: JeKo-1 cells showed the strongest resistance to ADR and VCR, followed by SUDHL-4, and Daudi cells showed the weakest resistance to ADR and VCR. At the same time, JeKo-1 cells showed the strongest autophagy activity, followed by SUDHL-4, and Daudi cells showed the weakest autophagy activity. After the treatments of autophagy inhibitors or stable Atg5 interference, the resistance of lymphoma cells to ADR and VCR was significantly weakened, and there was the positive correlation at the drug resistance and the autophagy activity of B lymphoma cell., Conclusion: The higher autophagy activity in lymphoma cells, the lower chemotherapy resistance of the lymphoma cells after autophagy was inhibited.

AbstractObjective: To investigate the in vitro biological characteristics of side-population(SP) cells in mantle cell lymphoma(MCL)., Methods: The SP cells in JeKo-1 cells were enriched by continuous culture and sorted by flow cytometry（FCM）, and the expression of CD19 and IgM were analyzed. The differences of gene expression and their self-renewal ability between SP cells and non-SP cells were estimated by qRT-PCR and colony-forming assay(CFA) respectively., Results: SP cells in JeKo-1 cells could be enriched by continuous sorting and in vitro cultureing, and it was found that CD19 - /IgM - accounted for (2.79±0.82)%,CD19 - /IgM + accounted for (70.99±13.61)%,CD19 + /IgM - accounted for (0.55±0.25)%, and CD19+/IgM+accounted for (25.67±14)%. Bmi-1,CD133, C-MYC and Nanog genes were highly expressed in SP cells, but were low expressed in non-SP cells (P<0.05). Compared with non-SP cells, SP cells had stronger colony forming ability (P<0.05)., Conclusion: JeKo-1 cell line of mantle cell lymphoma contains SP cells, which can be enriched by continuous sorting and culture for research. The SP cells in JeKo-1 contain four different cell populations with different immunophenotypes： CD19 - /IgM - 、CD19 - /IgM + 、CD19 + /IgM - 、CD19 + /IgM + , and show stronger gene expression of stem cells and self-renewal ability in vitro.

Objective: To evaluate concentrations of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and IL-17 in induced sputum supernatants from asthmatic patients before and after treatment with glucocorticosteroids., Methods: Induced sputum was collected from 30 healthy controls and 99 patients with chronic persistent asthma from 2009-2010. Sputum samples were obtained before and after 4 week treatment with inhaled glucocorticosteroids. The sputum concentrations of SDF-1 and IL-17 were measured by ELISA., Results: The FEV(1)% and the asthma control score of patients with severe asthma were decreased as compared with patients with moderate persistent and mild persistent asthma (F = 457.448 and 79.271, all P < 0.01). The concentrations of SDF-1, IL-17 and the percentage of eosinophils were increased in asthma group compared with control subjects (all P < 0.01), but the percentage of sputum neutrophils was lower than that in the healthy controls (P < 0.01). The percentage of sputum neutrophils and eosinophils and the level of SDF-1 and IL-17 in patients with severe persistent asthma were significantly higher than those in patients with mild persistent asthma (all P < 0.05). The percentage of sputum neutrophils and eosinophils were negatively correlated with FEV(1)% (r = -0.409 and -0.316, all P < 0.05). The levels of IL-17 and SDF-1 were positively correlated with the percentage of sputum neutrophils and eosinophils (all P < 0.01). The levels of IL-17 were positively correlated with the levels of SDF-1 (r = 0.872, P < 0.01). After glucocorticosteroid therapy, the percentage of eosinophils and neutrophils, the levels of IL-17 and SDF-1 decreased significantly in all patients (all P < 0.01), while the percentage of sputum neutrophils and the levels of IL-17 and SDF-1 in uncontrolled patients increased significantly compared with the controlled and partly controlled groups (all P < 0.05)., Conclusions: SDF-1 and IL-17 may contribute to airway inflammation in asthma by chemotactic activity towards neutrophils. The concentration of SDF-1 may be used to evaluate the inflammation and the therapeutic effects.