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为推动我国木本油料高质量发展，更好地践行大食物观，从供给、需求和国际贸易3个方面对2001—2021年间我国木本油料发展情况进行定量分析，对木本油料未来发展潜力和现实约束进行系统分析，并提出高质量发展的对策建议。我国木本油料产业发展迅速，总产量、总产值不断提高，在国家粮油安全中的作用不断增强。利好政策持续释放、种植面积有望扩大、单产提升潜力较大以及市场环境不断改善等，是我国木本油料高质量发展的潜力所在。但产业政策扶持力度不够、种植成本攀升、生产效率低下、科技服务保障支撑不足、产业链延伸不足、市场占有率低等问题，成为阻碍我国木本油料高质量发展的瓶颈。基于此，提出持续优化产业发展格局、积极培育新型经营主体、大力推动科技创新与成果转化、加强品牌建设等建议。In order to promote the high-quality development of woody oilseeds in China and better practice the perspective of all-encompassing approach to food, the development of woody oilseeds in China from three aspects including supply, demand and international trade was quantitatively analyzed from 2001 to 2021, the future development potential and realistic constraints of woody oilseeds were systematically analyzed, and countermeasures for the high-quality development were put forward. The woody oilseeds industry in China developed rapidly, with a continuous increase in total output and total output value, and its role in national grain and oil security was constantly strengthened. The continuous release of favorable policies, the expected expansion of planting area, the great potential for per unit yield improvement, and the continuous improvement of market environment were the potential for high-quality development of woody oilseeds in China. However, problems such as insufficient support from industrial policies, rising planting costs, low production efficiency, insufficient support for science and technology service guarantee, insufficient extension of the industrial chain and low market share had become bottlenecks that hindering the high-quality development of woody oilseeds in China. Based on this, suggestions were proposed, such as continuously optimizing the industrial development pattern, actively cultivating new business entities, vigorously promoting scientific and technological innovation and achievement transformation, and strengthening brand building.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases with a complex pathological mechanism, and as the incidence of AD has increased recently, there is an urgent need to develop more effective prevention and treatment methods. Many studies have shown that plant polyphenols have great potential in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, but their bioavailability is poor, limiting their practical applications. The application of nanotechnology can be helpful for the delivery of plant polyphenols. This article aims to elaborate recent progress and challenges in the development of nano-delivery systems for plant polyphenols, and review the common plant polyphenols used for AD treatment and their action mechanisms.

Introduction: Previous studies have established a link between gut microbiota and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but little is known about their precise causal relationship. Therefore, this study aims to explore whether there are precise causal relationships between gut microbiota and PCOS. Material and Methods: We performed a bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Datasets were from the largest published meta‐analysis on gut microbiota composition and the FinnGen cohort of the IEU Open Genome‐Wide Association Study Project database. Inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR‐Egger, constrained maximum likelihood‐based Mendelian randomization, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode were used. Cochran's Q and MR‐Egger intercept tests were employed to measure the heterogeneity. Results: A total of 211 gut microbiota taxa were identified in MR analysis. Nine taxa of bacteria, including Alphaproteobacteria (0.55, 0.30–0.99, p = 0.04), Bacilli (1.76, 1.07–2.91, p = 0.03), Bilophila (0.42, 0.23–0.77, p < 0.01), Blautia (0.16, 0.03–0.79, p = 0.02), Burkholderiales (2.37, 1.22–4.62, p = 0.01), Candidatus Soleaferrea (0.65, 0.43–0.98, p = 0.04), Cyanobacteria (0.51, 0.31–0.83, p = 0.01), Holdemania (0.53, 0.35–0.81, p < 0.01), and Lachnospiraceae (1.86, 1.04–3.35, p = 0.03), were found to be associated with PCOS in the above MR methods included at least IVW method. Cochran's Q statistics and MR‐Egger intercept test suggested no significant heterogeneity. In addition, 69 taxa were shown significant for at least the IVW method in reverse MR analysis, of these, 25 had a positive correlation, and 37 had a negative correlation. Additionally, Alphaproteobacteria and Lachnospiraceae (0.95, 0.91–0.98, p < 0.01; 0.97, 0.94–0.99, p = 0.02, respectively) were shown a bidirected causally association with PCOS. Conclusions: Our study provides evidence of the bidirectional causal association between gut microbiota and PCOS from a genetic perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with a miniaturized sensor package were developed for aerial observations, which realizes aerial observations affordable to scientists in atmospheric science and achieves aerial measurements in high spatial resolution. UAVs are deployed to a variety of aerial detecting tasks in different scientific scenarios including chemical industry parks (CIPs) with hazardous gases emissions, and some places difficult for humans to reach. In this study, UAV sensing technology was deployed to detect air pollutants in a suburb, a CIP and a natural gas plant, respectively. The effects of atmospheric conditions such as the atmospheric boundary layer height, long-distance transport and atmospheric stability on the spatiotemporal variations of the air pollutants vertical profiles were investigated by the UAV. The UAV with the sensor package was deployed to capture the methane (CH4) leakages in a natural gas plant. The spatiotemporal variations of CH4 in both vertical and horizontal directions studied by UAV were employed to calculate accurate CH4 emissions, which is crucial to reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases. The low-cost UAV sensing technology for air pollutants was developed by Dr. Xiaobing Pang, who was funded by the Newton Fellowship in 2009 and worked in the University of York. This article is part of the theme issue 'Celebrating the 15th anniversary of the Royal Society Newton International Fellowship'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: China's early encounter with COVID‐19 and protracted prevention policies, presents an ideal case to study psychological changes during a prolonged and evolving crisis. This study aims to examine the shifts in mental health symptoms, risk‐related perceptions, and associated coping behaviors within two large‐scale samples of Chinese respondents, spanning from the pandemic's onset to the relaxation of the zero‐COVID policy. Moreover, the study strives to identify protective factors that could potentially mitigate the pandemic's impact. Methods: Two online surveys were conducted during China's initial pandemic phase (February 25–28, 2020) and the relaxation of the zero‐COVID policy (March 30–April 18, 2023). Participants' mental health indicators, risk‐related perceptions, and coping behaviors were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale‐21 Items, the 9‐item Bergen Burnout Inventory, and other adopted scales. Multivariable linear models were employed to examine the enduring psychological impact of the pandemic and identify potential protective factors. Results: Analysis of two datasets comprising 1946 and 1878 participants from the onset and the remission of China's COVID‐19 pandemic revealed an upward trend in various mental health indicators of Chinese respondents between 2020 and 2023. Similarly, risk‐related perceptions, encompassing perceived severity, susceptibility, and self‐efficacy, and risk‐related information sharing witnessed an increase. Being female, single, residing in rural areas, having higher education, and lacking acquaintances with COVID‐19 are protective factors against mental health risks. Additionally, being female, married, over 30, living in big cities, having higher education, and lacking personal or acquaintances' infection history are associated with engaging in protective behaviors and reduced information avoidance. Conclusion: The study investigated the changes in mental health symptoms, risk‐related perceptions, and coping behaviors of Chinese respondents between 2020 and 2023 and identified protective factors against the pandemic's impact, including demographic (gender, age), social (education, marital status, residence), and exposure (infection history) elements. Understanding these fluctuations and protective elements is crucial for policymakers, as it can inform the development of targeted strategies to alleviate negative psychological impacts while effectively managing future pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common endocrine and metabolic disorder affecting women in their reproductive years. Emerging evidence suggests that the maternal-fetal immune system is crucial for proper pregnancy. However, whether immune function is altered at the end of pregnancy in PCOS women and the underlying molecular mechanisms is currently unexplored. Herein, the basic maternal immune system was investigated (n = 136 in the control group; n = 103 in the PCOS group), and whole-transcriptome sequencing was carried out to quantify the mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs expression levels in fetal side placental tissue of women with PCOS. GO, KEGG, and GSEA analysis were employed for functional enrichment analysis. The process of identifying hub genes was conducted utilizing the protein-protein interaction network. CIBERSORT and Connectivity Map were deployed to determine immune cell infiltration and predict potential drugs, respectively. A network of mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA was constructed and then validated by qRT-PCR. First, red blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, hypersensitive C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin were significantly elevated, while placental growth factor was hindered in PCOS women. We identified 308 DEmRNAs, 77 DEmiRNAs, and 332 DElncRNAs in PCOS samples. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that there were significant changes observed in terms of the immune system, especially the chemokine pathway. Eight genes, including FOS, JUN, EGR1, CXCL10, CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCL11, and CXCL8, were considered as hub genes. Furthermore, the degree of infiltration of neutrophils was dramatically decreased in PCOS tissues. In total, 57 ceRNA events were finally obtained, and immune-related ceRNA networks were validated. Some potential drug candidates, such as enalapril and RS-100329, could have a function in PCOS therapy. This study represents the inaugural attempt to evaluate the immune system at the end of pregnancy and placental ceRNA networks in PCOS, indicating alterations in the chemokine pathway, which may impact fetal and placental growth, and provides new therapy targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]