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5. Changes in the Physicochemical Properties of One Bud and Two Leaves at Different Leaf Positions during Congou Black Tea Processing

Author

ZHOU Jingyun, HUANG Rui, OUYANG Ke, LU Anxia, CHEN Linmu, TONG Huarong

Subjects
quality, leaf structure, blue leaves, chlorophylls, congou black tea, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract

Fresh leaves of Fuding Dabai tea (Camellia sinensis (L.)) consisting of one bud and two leaves were used to manufacture Congou black tea, and the changes in the physicochemical properties and microstructure of the bud and the two leaves were explored during the manufacturing process. It was found that during the rolling process, the color of the bud and the leaves gradually turn from green to red, but the degree of color change of the lower leaf was lower than that of the bud and the upper leaf. Besides, optical microscopic (OM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis showed the structures of mesophyll cells and chloroplasts in both leaves were destroyed in the rolling process, indicating the beginning of fermentation. The chemical composition analysis showed that during the Congou black tea manufacturing process, the contents of tea polyphenols and catechins decreased, the contents of theaflavins and thearubigins increased at first, then decreased and finally leveled off, and the content of theabrownins kept increasing; the contents of all these compounds changed most during rolling. There was no significant difference in the oxidation degree of total catechins, epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate and theaflavins between the two leaves (P > 0.05), indicating that their fermentation degrees were similar. During the entire process, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll decreased and the contents of pheophytin and pheophorbide increased for the bud and the leaves. The content of chlorophylls in the lower leaf was always much higher than that in the upper leaf (P < 0.05). This study provides a theoretical basis for processing high-quality congou black tea by improving the utilization rate of fresh tea leaves.

Published
2023
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7. Thermal Environment and Aeroheating Mechanism of Protuberances on Mars Entry Capsule

Author

Miao Wenbo, Li Qi, Li Junhong, Zhou Jingyun, and Cheng Xiaoli

Subjects
Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics, TL1-4050, Astronomy, QB1-991
Abstract

Mars has only thin atmosphere composed mainly of carbon dioxide that differs significantly from the atmosphere of Earth in terms of characteristics of reentry flows. To connect with the orbiter, the Mars entry capsule is provided with titanium pipes and other units installed on the heat-shield. These units will create significant local interaction flow on the surface of the capsule and cause additional heating on the surface of the shield during the entry of the capsule. With a view to interaction thermal environment issues for the surface of the shield, in this paper, the characteristics of protrusion interaction flow on different location of the shield were studied by means of numerical simulation. Heating mechanisms of protuberances on different location were derived by analyzing characteristic parameters such as local flow velocity, pressure, and Mach number. The results show that the interaction thermal environment of protuberances in the windward area is smaller than that of protuberances in the leeward area, mainly because subsonic flow dominates in the windward area, and the interaction is weak, while in the leeward area, the direction of flow intersects with protuberances to form a boundary layer shear flow, which results in a stronger interaction before the protuberances.

Published
2021
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12. Thermal Environment and Aeroheating Mechanism of Protuberances on Mars Entry Capsule

Author

Cheng Xiaoli, Li Junhong, Miao Wenbo, Li Qi, and Zhou Jingyun

Subjects
Astronomy, Flow (psychology), TL1-4050, QB1-991, General Medicine, Mars Exploration Program, Mechanics, Atmosphere, Boundary layer, symbols.namesake, Flow velocity, Mach number, Shield, symbols, Shear flow, Geology, Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics
Abstract

Mars has only thin atmosphere composed mainly of carbon dioxide that differs significantly from the atmosphere of Earth in terms of characteristics of reentry flows. To connect with the orbiter, the Mars entry capsule is provided with titanium pipes and other units installed on the heat-shield. These units will create significant local interaction flow on the surface of the capsule and cause additional heating on the surface of the shield during the entry of the capsule. With a view to interaction thermal environment issues for the surface of the shield, in this paper, the characteristics of protrusion interaction flow on different location of the shield were studied by means of numerical simulation. Heating mechanisms of protuberances on different location were derived by analyzing characteristic parameters such as local flow velocity, pressure, and Mach number. The results show that the interaction thermal environment of protuberances in the windward area is smaller than that of protuberances in the leeward area, mainly because subsonic flow dominates in the windward area, and the interaction is weak, while in the leeward area, the direction of flow intersects with protuberances to form a boundary layer shear flow, which results in a stronger interaction before the protuberances.

Published
2021

19. Method Exploration of Self-adaptive Entity Matching in Map Fusion

Author

Zhou Jingyun, Wu Jianhua, and Wu Buwei

Subjects
Information retrieval, business.industry, Self adaptive, Entity Similarity, computer.software_genre, Key issues, GIS, Automation, Map Fusion, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Data mining, business, computer, General Environmental Science, Data integration, Mathematics, Entity Matching
Abstract

Entity matching is a crucial and hard technology in map fusion. Current methods still exists some deficiencies, such as matching efficiency is not high, low degree of automation and poor universality, these methods can not meet the matching needs of large data integration, therefore, the urgent need to develop more effective and intelligent methods. This paper analyzed present research situation and existing problems of entity matching, illustrated the necessity of developing self-adaptive entity matching, pointed out urgent research contents and key issues that need to be resolved urgently in self-adaptive entity matching, provided preliminary research scheme of implementing self-adaptive entity matching, finally, introduced characteristics and advantages of self-adaptive entity matching method presented in this paper.

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20. Outward FDIs by Chinese Companies: Motivations and Implications under Chinese Industry Environment

Author

Zhou, Jingyun and Zhou, Jingyun

Abstract

Economy in China is developing with very fast paces. It is recognized as a fastest-growing major nation for the past quarter of a century with an average annual GDP growth rate above 10%. Some economist predicted that if this rate of Chinese economic growth continues, sooner or later, China will surpass the U.S. and become the world largest economy. With the development of Chinese economic and political system, and the saturation market in developed countries, China has become popular target market all over the world. When more and more foreign companies rushed into Chinese market, Chinese government and companies started to realize that they need to take some actions to survive in this competitive global market. Since 2001, China officially joint World Trading Organization (WTO), the outward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has increased dramatically. Especially, there are some Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) deals attracted a lot of attentions. Although there are some researches about the motivations behind outward FDI, few are put the motivations into Chinese scenario. In my literature review Chapter, Cai (1999) and Deng (2004) will be used as a guideline to conduct my primary direction to analysis the motivations of Chinese outward FDIs. Based on PEST model, industry environment will also be analyzed, combined with current situation in China. By arguing the major motivations of outward FDIs in China, in order to increase the explanatory power of this theories framework, multiple-case study method will be adopted to explain each particular motivation of outward FDIs. Four leading Chinese companies will be introduced –Lenovo, Nanjing Automobile, Sinochem and CNOOC, which will make my points more convincible. Based on the cases study, the mainly motivations of Chinese outward FDIs will be summarised. This study is not only to analyze the theory of outward FDI in China, but also to draw implications to other emerging market companies.

21. Outward FDIs by Chinese Companies: Motivations and Implications under Chinese Industry Environment

Author

Zhou, Jingyun and Zhou, Jingyun

Abstract

Economy in China is developing with very fast paces. It is recognized as a fastest-growing major nation for the past quarter of a century with an average annual GDP growth rate above 10%. Some economist predicted that if this rate of Chinese economic growth continues, sooner or later, China will surpass the U.S. and become the world largest economy. With the development of Chinese economic and political system, and the saturation market in developed countries, China has become popular target market all over the world. When more and more foreign companies rushed into Chinese market, Chinese government and companies started to realize that they need to take some actions to survive in this competitive global market. Since 2001, China officially joint World Trading Organization (WTO), the outward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has increased dramatically. Especially, there are some Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) deals attracted a lot of attentions. Although there are some researches about the motivations behind outward FDI, few are put the motivations into Chinese scenario. In my literature review Chapter, Cai (1999) and Deng (2004) will be used as a guideline to conduct my primary direction to analysis the motivations of Chinese outward FDIs. Based on PEST model, industry environment will also be analyzed, combined with current situation in China. By arguing the major motivations of outward FDIs in China, in order to increase the explanatory power of this theories framework, multiple-case study method will be adopted to explain each particular motivation of outward FDIs. Four leading Chinese companies will be introduced –Lenovo, Nanjing Automobile, Sinochem and CNOOC, which will make my points more convincible. Based on the cases study, the mainly motivations of Chinese outward FDIs will be summarised. This study is not only to analyze the theory of outward FDI in China, but also to draw implications to other emerging market companies.

22. Outward FDIs by Chinese Companies: Motivations and Implications under Chinese Industry Environment

Author

Zhou, Jingyun and Zhou, Jingyun

Abstract

Economy in China is developing with very fast paces. It is recognized as a fastest-growing major nation for the past quarter of a century with an average annual GDP growth rate above 10%. Some economist predicted that if this rate of Chinese economic growth continues, sooner or later, China will surpass the U.S. and become the world largest economy. With the development of Chinese economic and political system, and the saturation market in developed countries, China has become popular target market all over the world. When more and more foreign companies rushed into Chinese market, Chinese government and companies started to realize that they need to take some actions to survive in this competitive global market. Since 2001, China officially joint World Trading Organization (WTO), the outward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has increased dramatically. Especially, there are some Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) deals attracted a lot of attentions. Although there are some researches about the motivations behind outward FDI, few are put the motivations into Chinese scenario. In my literature review Chapter, Cai (1999) and Deng (2004) will be used as a guideline to conduct my primary direction to analysis the motivations of Chinese outward FDIs. Based on PEST model, industry environment will also be analyzed, combined with current situation in China. By arguing the major motivations of outward FDIs in China, in order to increase the explanatory power of this theories framework, multiple-case study method will be adopted to explain each particular motivation of outward FDIs. Four leading Chinese companies will be introduced –Lenovo, Nanjing Automobile, Sinochem and CNOOC, which will make my points more convincible. Based on the cases study, the mainly motivations of Chinese outward FDIs will be summarised. This study is not only to analyze the theory of outward FDI in China, but also to draw implications to other emerging market companies.

23. [Method for Japanese encephalitis virus NS3 protease activity analysis and high-throughput screening assay for inhibitors].

Author

Zhou J, Wang X, Pei C, Song Y, and Chen H

Subjects
Escherichia coli metabolism, RNA Helicases metabolism, Recombinant Fusion Proteins metabolism, Serine Endopeptidases metabolism, Encephalitis Virus, Japanese enzymology, High-Throughput Screening Assays, Protease Inhibitors chemistry, Viral Nonstructural Proteins metabolism
Abstract

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a single-stranded and positive-sense RNA, which has a single ORF (open reading frame), encoding a polyprotein precursor. Non-structural protein 3 (NS3) plays an important role in processing the polyprotein precursor and has become an important drug target of flavivirus. In this study, NS2BH-NS3 gene was amplified by PCR and subcloned to the prokaryotic expression plasmid, resulting pET30a-NS2BH-NS3. The fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) in soluble form after induction by Isopropyl beta-D-1-Thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The recombinant protein was purified by Ni-NTA affinity column. Then a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) method was used to determine enzymatic activity and the assay conditions were optimized. After screening 113 compounds, we found two compounds inhibiting the activity of NS2BH-NS3. This study provides a convenient and cost-effective method for screening of JEV NS3 protease inhibitor.

Published
2014

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