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Tumor microenvironment (TME) is the in vitro microenvironment in which tumors live. Cancer-induced bone pain(CIBP) is one of the most common symptoms of tumor bone metastasis. The mechanisms of bone cancer pain(BCP) are complex, and the tumor acidic microenvironment, the related ion channels and inflammatory mediators released by cancer, play a role in BCP.

Highly stretchable electrodes with electrically robust behavior are critical for wide applications of soft robots, electronic skins, and flexible sensors. However, it remains challenging to fabricate such electrodes with traditional fabrication methods, such as lithography, conductive composite material synthetization, stencil printing, and microchannel injection. Herein, a facile method is proposed to construct robust and stretchable electrodes by direct‐written liquid metal (LM) onto a predeposited interface bonding layer, which greatly improves the interfacial force between the LM and substrate. An electrospun graphene oxide/thermoplastic polyurethane composite nanofiber membrane is used as the bonding layer, which provides rich –OH on the interface and in situ forming of hydrogen bond (H‐bond) with the LM oxide layer. A prototype electrode shows stretchability of 580%. The resistance remains stable that varies from 2.8 to 19.3 Ω at 500% elongation, and varies slightly after 7500 stretching cycles under 50% elongation, from 2.6–4.0 to 4.4–6.4 Ω. The fabrication technique is demonstrated with applications in stretchable circuit board assemblies and stretchable electronic cables, indicating a potential effective method for fabricating high‐performance stretchable electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene oxide (GO) was investigated as a potential drug-delivery system due to its special properties and biocompatibility. Thus far, little has been done to use GO as a photosensitive drug-delivery system and to explore its anticancer activity in vitro in photodynamic therapy applications. Here, a novel GO-hypocrellin A (GO-HA) hybrid was prepared by a simple noncovalent method and its photodynamic activity was studied for the first time. The results showed that an efficient loading amount of HA on GO was as high as 1.0 mg mg(-1) and the stability of the hybrid was superior to that of the free hypocrellin A in aqueous solution. Furthermore, GO-HA can be excited by irradiation with light of appropriate wavelength to generate singlet oxygen, and in vitro experiments illustrated that GO-HA was efficiently taken up by tumor cells, and that light irradiation of such impregnated cells resulted in significant cell death. Thus, these properties of GO-HA could possibly make it especially promising for use in clinical photodynamic therapy., (Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

The interaction between Elsinochrome A (EA) and myoglobin (Mb) was investigated using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results suggested that there was a strong interaction between EA and Mb. In the dark, the interaction occurred on the surfaces amidic acid of Mb, but when illuminated, the interactions happened both on amidic acid and the interior structure of hemachrome of Mb. According to the values of the quenching constant, the thermodynamics parameters, the binding constants and the binding sites, it was showed that the binding interaction of EA and Mb was mainly hydrophobic in nature and the quenching mechanism was static quenching procedure. The change in the micro-circumstance of aminos of myoglobin was studied by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy.

A new triterpenoid glycoside, designated harproside (1), and a new iridoid glycoside, named pagide (2), along with six known triterpenoids (3-8), were obtained from the tubers of Harpagophytum procumbens D. C. (devil's claw), and their structures were established through chemical methods and spectroscopic analyses. In an in vitro assay, the six triterpenoids showed anti-inflammatory activity. Compounds 3, 7, and 8 showed significant inhibitory activity against neutrophil respiratory burst stimulated by PMA, while compounds 4, 5, and 6 showed marginal inhibitory activity., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

The interaction of caffein and myoglobin was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. The intrinsic fluorescence of myoglobin was significantly quenched by caffein under the physiological condition (pH 7.4). The results indicated that caffeine was capable of binding with myoglobin to form a 1:1 complex and the quenching mechanism of myoglobin affected by caffeine was shown to be a static quenching procedure by calculating quenching constant, binding sites and binding constant. According to the thermodynamic parameters, the main binding force of the interaction is electrostatic force and hydrophobic force. The change in the micro-circumstance of aminos of myoglobin was analyzed by synchronous fluorescence spectrometry. The result indicated that caffeine can change the conformation of the protein, leading to the change in the micro-environment of tryptophane and tyrosine residues from hydrophobic environment to hydrophilic environment to different extent.

The interaction of p-HPcZn and myoglobin was studied by fluorescence spectra and synchronous fluorescence spectra methods under the physiological condition. The p-HPcZn can quench the fluorescence of myoglobin effectively, and it is indicated that there is a strong interaction occurring between p-HPcZn and myoglobin. The results of the fluorescence spectra with changing temperature proved that the interaction can lead to the formation of complex of p-HPcZn with myoglobin, and quench the fluorescence of myoglobin through the static quenching mechanism. Dealing with the values of fluorescence spectra, the binding parameter and the binding site of the interaction can be obtained, whose values are 2.481 X 10(5) and 0.444 respectively. In addition, the interaction can change the conformation of myoglobin markedly also.

The effects of hypocrellin A (HA) on the conformational changes of hemoglobin and myoglobin were studied using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. The results indicated that HA can change the conformation of these two proteins, leading to the change in the micro-environment of tryptophane and tyrosine residues from hydrophobic environment to hydrophilic environment to different extent.

The interaction between CT-DNA immobilized on the positively charged nylon membrane and cytochrome C was studied using UV-Vis reflectance absorption spectroscopy and electrochemistry. It was found that cytchrome C can be adsorbed on the negative charged CT-DNA surface with the active positive charge area. Therefore, CT-DNA can promote the direct electrochemical reaction of cytochrome C.