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A new ocotillol-type ginsenoside, namely 12-one-pseudoginsenoside F11 (12-one-PF11), was isolated from stems and leaves of Panax quinquefolium, whose structure was elucidated 6-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-dammar-12-one-20S,24R-epoxy-3β,6α,25-triol. 12-one-PF11 significantly suppressed hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. As compared with model group, 12-one-PF11 improved cell viability of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and significantly decreased the generation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased production of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) and protein expression levels of nuclear related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in A549 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2), an important ingredient from Panax ginseng, has received much attention due to a range of pharmacological actions.Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the therapeutic potential Rh2 on cisplatin (CDDP)-induced nephrotoxicity and to elucidate involved mechanisms.Study Design: An in vivo mice model of CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity was established by a single intraperitoneal injection of CDDP (20 mg/kg) to assess the effects of Rh2 on renal biochemical parameter, oxidative stress, inflammation tubular cell apoptosis and serum metabolic profiles.Results: Rh2 protected against CDDP-induced renal dysfunction and ameliorated CDDP-induced oxidative stress, histopathological damage, inflammation and tubular cell apoptosis in kidney. Rh2 treatment had significantly increased expression of Bcl-2 and decreased expression of p53, Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3 in kidney tissues. Metabolomic analysis identified 29 altered serum metabolites in Rh2 treatment mice.Conclusion: These results suggest that Rh2 protects against CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity via action on caspase-mediated pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The root, stem and leaf of Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. (COT) have all been used as Chinese folk medicine. Aiming at revealing the secondary metabolites and screening the anti-COPD effect of COT, the comprehensive phytochemical and bioassay studies were performed. Based on the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS E ), the screening analysis of components in COT was conducted with the UNIFI platform, the metabolomics of the three parts were analyzed with multivariate statistical analysis. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-stimulated inflammatory model in A549 cells was used to investigate the biological effect of the three parts. A total of 120 compounds were identified or tentatively characterized from COT. Metabolomics analysis showed that the three parts of COT were differentiated, and there were 13, 8 and 5 potential chemical markers discovered from root, stem and leaf, respectively. Five robust chemical markers with high responses could be used for further quality control in different parts of COT. The root, stem and leaf of COT could evidently reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory factors in a dose-dependent way within a certain concentration range. The stem part had a stronger anti-COPD effect than root and leaf parts. This study clarified the structural diversity of secondary metabolites and the various patterns in different parts of COT, and provided a theoretical basis for further utilization and development of COT., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interests., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Background: Ginsenoside Rh 2 (Rh 2 ), an important ingredient from Panax ginseng, has received much attention due to a range of pharmacological actions., Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the therapeutic potential Rh 2 on cisplatin (CDDP)-induced nephrotoxicity and to elucidate involved mechanisms., Study Design: An in vivo mice model of CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity was established by a single intraperitoneal injection of CDDP (20 mg/kg) to assess the effects of Rh 2 on renal biochemical parameter, oxidative stress, inflammation tubular cell apoptosis and serum metabolic profiles., Results: Rh 2 protected against CDDP-induced renal dysfunction and ameliorated CDDP-induced oxidative stress, histopathological damage, inflammation and tubular cell apoptosis in kidney. Rh 2 treatment had significantly increased expression of Bcl-2 and decreased expression of p53, Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3 in kidney tissues. Metabolomic analysis identified 29 altered serum metabolites in Rh 2 treatment mice., Conclusion: These results suggest that Rh 2 protects against CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity via action on caspase-mediated pathway., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)