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Solar interfacial water evaporation to obtain pure water has attracted extensive attention in recent years. In this work, based on the excellent optical property of FeS2 and the cross-linking nanostructure of chitosan (CTS), a FeS2@CTS hydrogel composite film for solar interfacial water evaporation was developed by hydrothermal synthesis and the following composite coating technology. The prepared FeS2@CTS presented high solar absorptivity of 95.27% and fast optical response capability. Under the optimized condition, the evaporation rate of pure water reached 3.34 kg m−2 h−1 and the photothermal conversion efficiency was 103.06% under one sun irradiation. In five runs, the evaporation rate of the FeS2@CTS was stable, indicating the excellent cycle stability. Also, in the desalination test, the stable evaporation rate of 1.74 kg m−2 h−1 was obtained in five runs. Due to the simple preparation method, low cost, and outstanding interfacial evaporation property, this FeS2@CTS indicates great potential for the seawater desalination or other photothermal conversion applications.

Solar-driven water evaporation is considered to be a viable and very efficient technology for fresh water production. Unfortunately, the photothermal membrane has a low absorptivity, low photothermal conversion and poor recyclability, which are difficult to meet the demands of self-floating solar driven evaporators in practical applications. Herein, a hierarchical nanostructure Ni3S2 has been prepared by in-situ growing method on Ni foam (NF), which shows excellent absorptivity, outstanding recyclable and high mechanically durable properties. The photothermal membrane was composed of hierarchical nanostructure Ni3S2@NF, which exhibited excellent solar absorption (93.13%) in the wavelength range of 250 nm–2500 nm and sustained anti-corrosion capacity for one month. In addition, the hierarchical nanostructure Ni3S2 @NF has good hydrophilicity and strong binding force, indicating this photothermal membrane exhibits good stability and outstanding photothermal conversion efficiency. An evaporation system based on 3D Ni3S2@NF membrane exhibited excellent water evaporation ability，the highest water evaporation rate (1.53 kg m−2 h−1) and the photothermal conversion efficiency （84.7%） under 1 sun illumination. In the desalination experiment, the water evaporation rate and photothermal conversion efficiency almost keep constant over 5 cycles tests and do not decrease compared with the experiment in pure water. This result demonstrated that the Ni3S2@NF membrane has shown good corrosion resistance and outstanding recyclability. Due to the simple preparation method, low cost, outstanding recyclability and high mechanical durability in the sea water, this Ni3S2@NF membrane have great potential for long-term solar distillation applications.

Styxl2, a poorly characterized pseudophosphatase, was identified as a transcriptional target of the Jak1-Stat1 pathway during myoblast differentiation in culture. Styxl2 is specifically expressed in vertebrate striated muscles. By gene knockdown or genetic knockout, we found that Styxl2 plays an essential role in maintaining sarcomere integrity in developing muscles of both zebrafish and mice. To further reveal the functions of Styxl2 in adult muscles, we generated two inducible knockout mouse models: one with Styxl2 being deleted in mature myofibers to assess its role in sarcomere maintenance, and the other in adult muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) to assess its role in de novo sarcomere assembly. We find that Styxl2 is not required for sarcomere maintenance but functions in de novo sarcomere assembly during injury-induced muscle regeneration. Mechanistically, Styxl2 interacts with non-muscle myosin IIs, enhances their ubiquitination, and targets them for autophagy-dependent degradation. Without Styxl2, the degradation of non-muscle myosin IIs is delayed, which leads to defective sarcomere assembly and force generation. Thus, Styxl2 promotes de novo sarcomere assembly by interacting with non-muscle myosin IIs and facilitating their autophagic degradation.

Organosulfur compounds are found to be ubiquitous in atmospheric aerosols – a majority of which are expected to be organosulfates (OSs). Given the atmospheric abundance of OSs, and their potential to form a variety of reaction products upon aging, it is imperative to study the transformation kinetics and chemistry of OSs to better elucidate their atmospheric fates and impacts. In this work, we investigated the chemical transformation of an α-pinene-derived organosulfate (C10H17O5SNa, αpOS-249) through heterogeneous OH oxidation at a relative humidity of 50 % in an oxidation flow reactor (OFR). The aerosol-phase reaction products were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–high-resolution mass spectrometry and ion chromatography. By monitoring the decay rates of αpOS-249, the effective heterogeneous OH reaction rate was measured to be (6.72±0.55)×10-13 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. This infers an atmospheric lifetime of about 2 weeks at an average OH concentration of 1.5×106 molecules cm−3. Product analysis shows that OH oxidation of αpOS-249 can yield more oxygenated OSs with a nominal mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) at 247 (C10H15O5S−), 263 (C10H15O6S−), 265 (C10H17O6S−), 277 (C10H13O7S−), 279 (C10H15O7S−), and 281 (C10H17O7S−). The formation of fragmentation products, including both small OSs (C ) and inorganic sulfates, is found to be insignificant. These observations suggest that functionalization reactions are likely the dominant processes and that multigenerational oxidation possibly leads to formation of products with one or two hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups adding to αpOS-249. Furthermore, all product ions except m/z=277 have been detected in laboratory-generated α-pinene-derived secondary organic aerosols as well as in atmospheric aerosols. Our results reveal that OSs freshly formed from the photochemical oxidation of α-pinene could react further to form OSs commonly detected in atmospheric aerosols through heterogeneous OH oxidation. Overall, this study provides more insights into the sources, transformation, and fate of atmospheric OSs.

Hierarchical nanostructure construction and electronic structure engineering are commonly employed to increase the electrocatalytic activity of HER electrocatalysts. Herein, Ni doped Co3S4 hierarchical nanosheets on Ti mesh (Ni doped Co3S4 HNS/TM) were successfully prepared by using metal organic framework (MOF) as precursor which was synthesized under ambient condition. Characterization results confirmed this structure and Ni incorporation into Co3S4 lattice as well as the modified electronic structure of Co3S4 by Ni doping. Alkaline HER performance showed that Ni doped Co3S4 HNS/TM presented outstanding HER activity with 173 mV overpotential at -10 mA·cm-2, surpassing most of metal sulfide-based electrocatalysts. The hierarchical structure, superior electrical conductivity and electronic structure modulation contributed to the accelerated water dissociation and enhanced intrinsic activity. This work provides a new avenue for synthesizing hierarchical nanostructure and simultaneously tuning the electronic structure to promote HER performance, which has potential application in designing highly efficient and cost-effective HER nanostructured electrocatalyst.

Novel CoNi7O8/MnO2 supported on Ni foam presented excellent catalytic activity toward PMS activation, with 100% MB removal achieved within 15 min.

Developing a highly efficient Fenton-like catalyst working in a wide pH range is imperative to accomplish its practical wastewater treatment. Herein, FeS2/FeSxOy catalyst was synthesized by hydrothermal-solvothermal vulcanization with thioacetamide as a sulfur source. Characterization results confirmed FeS2/FeSxOy consisted of pyrite, kornelite, and szomolnokite. FeS2/FeSxOy exhibited superior catalytic activity toward H2O2 activation with more than 96% phenol removal within 5 min in pH 3.0 ∼ 8.0 at 30°C. Radical scavenging experiment and EPR analysis revealed both hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and superoxide anion radicals (O2·-) anticipated in phenol elimination, but ·OH played a dominant role. The detailed degradation experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculation confirmed the vital role of FeS2 in enhancing phenol abatement. This study not only developed a highly active catalyst for H2O2 activation but also theoretically analyzed the FeS2 function in depth, which provided a guide for designing a highly efficient Fenton-like catalyst.

The trade-off between the electrochemical performance and mechanical strength is still a challenge for Ti3C2Tx free-standing electrode. Herein, a facile approach was proposed to fabricate a Microfibrillated cellulose@Ti3C2Tx (MFC@Ti3C2Tx) self-assembled microgel film by means of hydrogen bonding linkage. Benefiting from the rich hydroxyl groups on the MFC, the Ti3C2Tx nanosheets coated on the MFC in a time scale of minutes (within 1 min) instead of hours. The ultralong 1D frame of MFC effectively mitigated the re-aggregation of Ti3C2Tx nanosheet. The fluffy MFC@Ti3C2Tx film structure and the constructed 1D/2D conducting Ti3C2Tx pathways in horizontal and vertical directions endowed the fast ion transport of the electrolytes and the improved accessibility to the Ti3C2Tx surface. As a result, the freestanding MFC@Ti3C2Tx microgel film delivered a high specific capacitance of 451F/g. And the rate performance was increased to 71% from the 64% of that of pristine Ti3C2Tx film. Furthermore, the tensile strength of MFC@Ti3C2Tx film was also promoted to 46.3 MPa, 3 folds of that of the pristine Ti3C2Tx film, due to the high strength of MFC and the hydrogen bonding effect.

Plants live as sessile organisms with large-scale gene duplication events and subsequent paralogue divergence during evolution. Notably, plant paralogues are expressed tissue-specifically and fine-tuned by phytohormones during various developmental processes. The coat protein complex II (COPII) is a highly conserved vesiculation machinery mediating protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotes1. Intriguingly, Arabidopsis COPII paralogues greatly outnumber those in yeast and mammals2–6. However, the functional diversity and underlying mechanism of distinct COPII paralogues in regulating protein endoplasmic reticulum export and coping with various adverse environmental stresses are poorly understood. Here we characterize a novel population of COPII vesicles produced in response to abscisic acid, a key phytohormone regulating abiotic stress responses in plants. These hormone-induced giant COPII vesicles are regulated by an Arabidopsis-specific COPII paralogue and carry stress-related channels/transporters for alleviating stresses. This study thus provides a new mechanism underlying abscisic acid-induced stress responses via the giant COPII vesicles and answers a long-standing question on the evolutionary significance of gene duplications in Arabidopsis. The coat protein complex II (COPII) is a type of specialized vesicle coat protein that mediates vesicle trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus. A population of giant COPII vesicles is identified and shown to be produced in response to the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) and abiotic stresses in Arabidopsis.

Development of sensors uniting different sensing principles is in line with the concept of reliable, comprehensive, and diversified equipment construction. However, the current exploration in this field is obstructed by compromise of reaction conditions and inevitable mutual interference arising from different sensing modes. This work reported a closed bipolar electrode (c-BPE) strategy for dual-modality detection or dual-target detection. To this end, a c-BPE sensing platform installed in physically separated anode and cathode compartments was well designed and carefully optimized. If luminol was present in the anode section and Prussian blue (PB) was at the cathode part, single stimulation could realize electrochemiluminescence (ECL) from luminol at the anode and conversion of PB to Prussian white (PW) at the cathode. The latter reaction helped elevate the ECL signal and also prepared for colorimetric detection as color change from PW to PB under the trigger of oxidant (like H2O2) was used to track the content of the oxidant. Thus, dual signals were obtained for dual-modality detection of single target or the detection of different targets was realized at different poles. Detection of glucose was carried out to validate the application for dual-modality detection, while VLDL/AChE and NADH/H2O2 assays illustrated the potential of dual-target detection. The proposed platform possesses outstanding sensing performance including selectivity, repeatability, long-term stability, accuracy, and so forth. This work implements a breakthrough in designing dual-mode sensors and is expected to present a rational basis for development of a diversified sensing platform.

Styxl2, a poorly characterized pseudophosphatase, was identified as a transcriptional target of the Jak1-Stat1 pathway during myoblast differentiation in culture. Styxl2 is specifically expressed in vertebrate striated muscles. By gene knockdown or genetic knockout, we found that Styxl2 plays an essential role in maintaining sarcomere integrity in developing muscles of both zebrafish and mice. To further reveal the functions of Styxl2 in adult muscles, we generated two inducible knockout mouse models: one withStyxl2being deleted in mature myofibers to assess its role in sarcomere maintenance, and the other in adult muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) to assess its role inde novosarcomere assembly. We find that Styxl2 is not required for sarcomere maintenance but functions inde novosarcomere assembly during injury-induced muscle regeneration. Mechanistically, Styxl2 interacts with non-muscle myosin IIs, enhances their ubiquitination, and targets them for autophagy-dependent degradation. Without Styxl2, the degradation of non-muscle myosin IIs is delayed, which leads to defective sarcomere assembly and force generation. Thus, Styxl2 promotesde novosarcomere assembly by interacting with non-muscle myosin IIs and facilitating their autophagic degradation.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a molecule of physiological importance, and the function of NO depends on its concentration in biological systems, particularly in cells. Concentration-based analysis of intracellular NO can provide insight into its precise role in health and disease. However, current methods for detecting intracellular NO are still inadequate for quantitative analysis. In this study, we report a quantitative mass spectrometry probe approach to measure NO levels in cells. The probe, Amlodipine (AML), comprises a Hantzsch ester group that reacts with NO to form a pyridine, Dehydro Amlodipine (DAM). Quantification of DAM by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) allows specific measurement of intracellular NO levels. Notably, the AML/NO reaction proceeds rapidly (within 1 s), which is favorable for NO detection considering its large diffusivity and short half-life. Meanwhile, studies under simulated physiological conditions revealed that the AML response to NO is proportional and selective. The presented UPLC-MS/MS method showed high sensitivity (LLOQ = 0.24 nM) and low matrix interference (less than 15%) in DAM quantification. Furthermore, the mass spectrometry probe approach was demonstrated by enabling the measurement of endogenous and exogenous NO in cells. Hence, the quantitative UPLC-MS/MS method developed using AML as a probe is expected to be a new method for intracellular NO analysis.

The enhancement of electron transport process on multiple channels of C-Fe and C-S-Fe bonds between dual-reaction centres was investigated for stimulating the antibiotics degradation in Fenton-like processes. Herein, multiple channels structure of sulfur-doped carbon coupled Fe

The development of new technologies for the separation, selection, and isolation of microparticles such as rare target cells, circulating tumor cells, cancer stem cells, and immune cells has become increasingly important in the last few years. Microparticle separation technologies are usually applied to the analysis of disease-associated cells, but these procedures often face a cell separation problem that is often insufficient for single specific cell analyses. To overcome these limitations, a highly accurate size-based microparticle separation technique, herein called "rotating magnetic chromatography", is proposed in this work. Magnetic nanoparticles, placed in a microfluidic separation channel, are forced to move in well-defined trajectories by an external magnetic field, colliding with microparticles that are in this way separated on the basis of their dimensions with high accuracy and reproducibility. The method was optimized by using fluorescein isothiocyanate-modified polystyrene particles (chosen as a reference standard) and then applied to the analysis of cancer cells like Hep-3B and SK-Hep-1, allowing their fast and high-resolution chromatographic separation as a function of their dimensions. Due to its unmatched sub-micrometer cell separation capabilities, RMC can be considered a break-through technique that can unlock new perspectives in different scientific fields, that is, in medical oncology.

Carbon-coated Fe3O4-S (Fe3O4-S@C) Fenton-like catalyst on carbon cloth is successfully prepared by electrodeposition and subsequent ethanol solvothermal treatment. Fe3O4-S@C with amorphous Fe3O4 presents a rough network structure. Besides, the ≡Fe2+/≡Fe3+ ratio on Fe3O4-S@C is higher than that on sulfur-doped Fe3O4 (Fe3O4-S). The Fe3O4-S@C has the enhanced catalytic activity and improved cycle stability under circumneutral pH. 95.4% phenol is degraded in 18 min with 0.204 ppm of total leached iron. 95% phenol removal efficiency is still maintained after Fe3O4-S@C is reused four times, whereas the Fe3O4-S presents the sharply reduced catalytic performance after the first degradation test. The formed carbon layer not only accelerates the redox cycle of ≡Fe3+/≡Fe2+ by reducing ≡Fe3+ to ≡Fe2+ during the degradation, but inhibits the total iron dissolution effectively. Furthermore, the S6+ can form micro-acidic environment on the catalyst; thus, the degradation reaction can take place under circumneutral pH, and the Sn2− can accelerate the transformation from ≡Fe3+ to ≡Fe2+ through reduction effect. Also, the polar groups of the carbon layer can adsorb more phenol to facilitate degradation process.

Immobilized coatings prepared by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) as Fenton-like catalysts exhibit remarkable reusability and considerable prospect; however, the unsatisfactory performance and stability impede their further development. Herein, highly efficient SO42−–Fe3O4/FeS-immobilized ceramic coating on a TC4 alloy as the Fenton-like catalyst was prepared for phenol degradation via the PEO technique. Phase composition and morphologies were investigated by XRD, EDS, XPS and SEM analyses. The coating is composed of SO42−–Fe3O4 and FeS with an abundant pore structure, resulting in a high specific surface area that could provide more reactive sites. The as-prepared coating manifests decent stability and an extraordinary phenol removal efficiency of 100% within 3 min under circumneutral pH. The enhanced Fenton-like performance of the SO42−–Fe3O4/FeS coating is attributed to the introduction of SO42− to form strong acid sites and rapid transformation from FeIII to FeII promoted by the S2− group, which endow the catalyst with excellent activity under neutral conditions and outstanding reusability. The advantages of the immobilized PEO coating in this study provide a novel design strategy for the synthesis of high activity Fenton-like catalysts in the future.

Developing a highly efficient Fenton-like catalyst working in a wide pH range is imperative to accomplish its practical wastewater treatment. Herein, FeS

The immobilized coatings as a kind of promising Fenton-like catalysts with excellent performance and reusability for the efficient degradation of antibiotics and phenol under solar light irradiation is investigated. Herein, the porous γ-Fe

Organosulfur compounds are found to be ubiquitous in atmospheric aerosols — a majority of which are expected to be organosulfates (OSs). Given the atmospheric abundance of OSs, and their potential to form a variety of reaction products upon ageing, it is imperative to study the transformation kinetics and chemistry of OSs to better elucidate their atmospheric fates and impacts. In this work, we investigated the chemical transformation of an α-pinene derived organosulfate (C10H17O5SNa, αpOS-249) through heterogeneous OH oxidation at a relative humidity of 50 % in an oxidation flow reactor (OFR). The aerosol-phase reaction products were characterized using the high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry and the ion chromatography. By monitoring the decay rates of αpOS-249, the effective heterogeneous OH reaction rate was measured to be (6.72 ± 0.55) × 10−13 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. This infers an atmospheric lifetime of about two weeks at an average OH concentration of 1.5 × 106 molecules cm–3. Product analysis shows that OH oxidation of αpOS-249 can yield more oxygenated OSs having a nominal mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) at 247 (C10H15O5S−), 263 (C10H15O6S−), 265 (C10H17O6S−), 277 (C10H13O7S−), 279 (C10H15O7S−), and 281 (C10H17O7S−). The formation of fragmentation products, including both small OSs (C < 10) and inorganic sulfates, is found to be insignificant. These observations suggest that functionalization reactions are likely the dominant processes and that multigenerational oxidation possibly leads to formation of products with one or two hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups adding to αpOS-249. Furthermore, all product ions except m/z = 277 have been detected in laboratory generated α-pinene derived secondary organic aerosols as well as in atmospheric aerosols. Our results reveal that OSs freshly formed from the photochemical oxidation of α-pinene could react further to form OSs commonly detected in atmospheric aerosols through heterogeneous OH oxidation. Overall, this study provides more insights into the sources, transformation, and fate of atmospheric OSs.

Significance Protein sorting in the secretory pathway is a fundamentally important cellular process, but the clients of a specific cargo sorting machinery remains largely underinvestigated. Here, utilizing a vesicle formation assay to profile proteins associated with vesicles, we identified cytosolic proteins that are associated with vesicle membranes in a GTP-dependent manner or that interact with GTP-bound Sar1A. We found that two of them, FAM84B and PRRC1, regulate anterograde trafficking. Moreover, we revealed specific clients of two export adaptors, SURF4 and ERGIC53. These analyses demonstrate that our approach is powerful to identify factors that regulate vesicular trafficking and to uncover clients of specific cargo receptors, providing a robust method to reveal insights into the secretory pathway., The fidelity of protein transport in the secretory pathway relies on the accurate sorting of proteins to their correct destinations. To deepen our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms, it is important to develop a robust approach to systematically reveal cargo proteins that depend on specific sorting machinery to be enriched into transport vesicles. Here, we used an in vitro assay that reconstitutes packaging of human cargo proteins into vesicles to quantify cargo capture. Quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) analyses of the isolated vesicles revealed cytosolic proteins that are associated with vesicle membranes in a GTP-dependent manner. We found that two of them, FAM84B (also known as LRAT domain containing 2 or LRATD2) and PRRC1, contain proline-rich domains and regulate anterograde trafficking. Further analyses revealed that PRRC1 is recruited to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites, interacts with the inner COPII coat, and its absence increases membrane association of COPII. In addition, we uncovered cargo proteins that depend on GTP hydrolysis to be captured into vesicles. Comparing control cells with cells depleted of the cargo receptors, SURF4 or ERGIC53, we revealed specific clients of each of these two export adaptors. Our results indicate that the vesicle formation assay in combination with quantitative MS analysis is a robust and powerful tool to uncover novel factors that mediate vesicular trafficking and to uncover cargo clients of specific cellular factors.

To develop a heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst with desirable activity and reusability remains a great challenge for the practical degradation of environmental remediation. Herein, we demonstrate a dendritic Fe-Cu bimetallic catalyst consisted of a Cu/Fe

Humankind is generating digital data at an exponential rate. These data are typically stored using electronic, magnetic or optical devices, which require large physical spaces and cannot last for a very long time. Here we report the use of peptide sequences for data storage, which can be durable and of high storage density. With the selection of suitable constitutive amino acids, designs of address codes and error-correction schemes to protect the order and integrity of the stored data, optimization of the analytical protocol and development of a software to effectively recover peptide sequences from the tandem mass spectra, we demonstrated the feasibility of this method by successfully storing and retrieving a text file and the music file Silent Night with 40 and 511 18-mer peptides respectively. This method for the first time links data storage with the peptide synthesis industry and proteomics techniques, and is expected to stimulate the development of relevant fields., Finding durable, high-density media for data storage is necessary to support the ever-expanding generation of digital data. Here, the authors use peptide sequences to store digital data and retrieve them using tandem mass spectrometry, proving that peptides can be used as a storage medium.

Of the photoanode in QDSSC, the TiCl4 solution treatment is widely used in mesoporous TiO2 surface modification. However, device performance amplification and electron transfer capability improvement of the two common pre- or post treatment are seldom yet. In this work, we explore the TiCl4 different treatments based on the typical TiO2 nanowire array photoanode for CdSxSe1-x QDSSC. In terms of the changes of electron transfer pathway, flat-band potential (Vfb) and charge carrier concentration (ND), we explored the inducement and increase of electron transfer capability and efficacy under different treatments. As for the influence of device performance, the more negative Vfb (−0.315 V, NHE) and higher ND (7.63 × 1019 cm−3) of PBS are beneficial to the increase of open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current (Jsc). Therefore, the TiCl4 pre-treatment on photoanode modification (in PBS) is beneficial to reduce the resistances of charge transfer and recombination. The cell performance of PBS in CdSxSe1-x QD sensitization was improved significantly: the PCE was 7.54%, the Jsc was 18.93 mA/cm2, Voc was 0.78 V and fill factor (FF) was 51.1%.

The development of well-ordered TiO2 nanotubes arrays (TNTAs) as a binder-free electrode in supercapacitors was hindered by their poor conductivity and low capacitance. Herein, the hierarchical structure of TNTAs/C/MnO2 (TNTCM) electrode was built via three-step process — typical anodization, carbon deposition and electrodeposition method. TiO2 nanotube arrays obtained from anodization provide a high surface area substrate for binder-free electrode, followed by carbon nanoparticles which could act as an electronic transfer medium penetrated into TNTAs using gas thermal penetration, the TNTAs/C electrode became high conductivity, then the two-dimension birnessite-type MnO2 nanoflakes were in situ growth onto TNTAs/C composites through scalable and easy electrodeposition method could storage energy by faradaic reaction. The resultant TNTCM hybrid composites manifest a remarkable specific areal capacitance of 492 mF/cm2, 207 times than that of TNTAs/C electrode, the value is comparable or much higher than those of previously reported TiO2 nanotubes-based electrode for supercapacitor. The synthesized TNTCM electrode exhibit a high energy density of 465 mWh/m2 at power density of 2.5 W/m2. In addition, the excellent energy storage performance is well maintained with a capacitance retention of 98% during 3000 charge–discharge cycles, indicating its promising application in energy storage and conversion fields.

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is a commonly used technique for analysis of various samples. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) is a simple and efficient technique that combines both sampling and sample preparation into one consolidated step, preconcentrating extracted analytes for ultra-sensitive analysis. Historically, SPME has been coupled with chromatography-based techniques for sample separation prior to analysis, however more recently, the chromatographic step has been omitted, with the SPME device directly coupled with the mass spectrometer. In this study, direct coupling of SPME with ESI-MS was developed, and extensively validated to quantitate ketamine from human urine, employing a practical experimental workflow and no extensive hardware modification to the equipment. Among the different fibers evaluated, SPME device coated with C18/benzenesulfonic acid particles was selected for the analysis due to its good selectivity and signal response. Different approaches, including desorption spray, dripping, desorption ESI and nano-ESI were attempted for elution and ionization of the analytes extracted using the SPME fibers. The results showed that the desorption spray and nano-ESI methods offered better signal response and signal duration than the others that were evaluated. The analytical performance of the SPME-nano-ESI-MS setup was excellent, including limit of detection (LOD) of 0.027 ng/mL, limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.1 ng/mL, linear range of 0.1–500.0 ng/mL (R2 = 0.9995) and recoveries of 90.8–109.4% with RSD 3.4–10.6% for three validation points at 4.0, 40.0 and 400.0 ng/mL, far better than the performance of conventional methods. The results herein presented, demonstrated that the direct coupling of SPME fibers with ESI-MS-based systems allowed for the simple and ultra-sensitive determination of analytes from raw samples such as human urine.

When the spacecraft runs in orbit, wild temperature swings always affect the inner instruments under strong solar radiation. Therefore, the Mg Li alloy is not suitable as aerospace pace materials before modified with thermal control coating. In this work, the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) was employed to prepare thermal control coatings on Mg Li alloys with various Li contents (4 wt% and 9 wt%) in silicate-based systems. The effects of Li content and electrolyte composition on the coating formation and thermal control performance of PEO coating were studied by various methods. The results show that all of PEO coatings were main composed of crystalline MgO and Mg2SiO4. With the increases of electrolyte concentration, the obtained coating had large thickness and roughness, which improved the emissivity and solar absorptance. A possible influence mechanism of the spark discharges on the surface morphologies of PEO coatings were proposed: the dominant spark discharges on Mg 4Li were from the excitation of Na ions, inducing relatively more electrolyte compositions to form the coating (particle-clusters); The dominant discharges on Mg 9Li were from the excitation of Na ions and Li ions, facilitating relatively more alloy ingredients to make up the coating (protuberances). When prepared in the electrolyte with high concentration, the Mg 4Li coating possessed more nano-particles clusters, and Mg 9Li coating possessed more protuberances, which endowed the Mg 4Li coating with lower solar absorptance and the Mg 9Li coating with higher emissivity. Besides, the Mg 9Li coating prepared in the electrolyte containing 20 g/L sodium silicate, 2.0 g/L NaF and 2.0 g/L NaOH had the optimal thermal control performance.

Significance In the early secretory pathway, newly synthesized proteins undergo folding and modifications and then leave the ER through COPII-coated vesicles. How these processes are coordinated and maintained are important but mostly unclear. We show here that ATL, a GTPase that connects ER tubules, controls ER protein mobility and regulates cargo packaging and coat assembly of COPII vesicles. The tethering and fusion activity by ATL likely maintains tension and other necessary parameters for COPII formation in ER membranes. These findings reveal a role of ER shaping in the early secretory pathway and provide insight into behaviors of ER exportation., Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane junctions are formed by the dynamin-like GTPase atlastin (ATL). Deletion of ATL results in long unbranched ER tubules in cells, and mutation of human ATL1 is linked to hereditary spastic paraplegia. Here, we demonstrate that COPII formation is drastically decreased in the periphery of ATL-deleted cells. ER export of cargo proteins becomes defective; ER exit site initiation is not affected, but many of the sites fail to recruit COPII subunits. The efficiency of cargo packaging into COPII vesicles is significantly reduced in cells lacking ATLs, or when the ER is transiently fragmented. Cargo is less mobile in the ER in the absence of ATL, but the cargo mobility and COPII formation can be restored by ATL R77A, which is capable of tethering, but not fusing, ER tubules. These findings suggest that the generation of ER junctions by ATL plays a critical role in maintaining the necessary mobility of ER contents to allow efficient packaging of cargo proteins into COPII vesicles.

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation has received increasing attention due to its energy conversion efficiency being higher than that of conventional photothermal utilization. Although tremendous p...

When the Ni doping amount is 0.3, excessive Ni doping will result in NiS impurity levels (IL). NiS IL will increase the probability of recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, which has negative influence on the photocatalytic H2 production. Moreover, Zn0.98Ni0.02S photocatalyst prepared at 180 °C for 12 h exhibits the best photocatalytic activity for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (PHER) with an initial rate of 457.11 μmol h−1 g−1, which is about 5 times higher than that over pure ZnS.