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Aramid-carbon hybrid fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) laminates have been widely used in the design of the ceramic/FRP laminate composite armor systems for their outstanding mechanical properties. In order to figure out the influence of the stacking sequence of the aramid-carbon hybrid FRP laminate on the ballistic performance of the ceramic/FRP laminate composite structures, a finite element model (FEM) which is used to simulate the condition of the 7.62 M61 AP against the Al2O3/aramid-carbon hybrid FRP laminate composite structure is carried out in ABAQUS/Explicit software, and the JH-2 constitutive model and 3D-Hashin failure criteria which is programmed by a user subroutine VUMAT are utilized to describe the mechanical behavior of Al2O3 and FRP laminate in this FEM. The accuracy of this FEM is checked by a verification FEM and the method of establishing this FEM is proved to be reasonable. The simulation results reveals that when the carbon fiber is stacked at the top of the aramid-carbon hybrid FRP laminate, the ballistic performance and the integrity of the geometry structure of the ceramic/FRP laminate composite structure is the best when the proportion of the carbon fiber in the hybrid FRP laminate is a constant, which provides an innovative way to enhance the ballistic performance of the ceramic/FRP laminate composite armor system.

Exploring the thermal transport properties of C2N under multiple regulatory mechanisms.

The thermal management of lithium-sulfur batteries with high specific energy has become one of the critical issues for their applications. Carbon-based nanotubes are widely used to construct composite sulfur cathodes. This paper focuses on the thermal transport properties of sulfur-coated and sulfur-embedded boron carbide nanotubes (BCNTs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their composites using molecular dynamics. It is found that phonon softening and localization play a role in making BCNT exhibit a lower thermal conductivity (TC) than CNT. Furthermore, it is discovered that the sulfur embedded inside the carbon-based nanotube has a greater negative impact on carbon-based nanotube phonon transport. Moreover, the effective medium theory model is not suitable for predicting the effective thermal conductivity of coated sulfur composites, in contrast to its good applicability to embedded sulfur composites. These findings provide an in-depth understanding of the thermal transport properties of composite sulfur cathodes in lithium-sulfur batteries.

Leiomyosarcoma with osteoclast‐like giant cells (LMS‐OGC) has seldom been reported clinically. LMS‐OGC of the breast is extremely rare according to the literature. Here, we report a case of LMS‐OGC leiomyosarcoma with osteoclast‐like giant cells of the breast. A 51‐year‐old female patient presented with a breast mass which was treated surgically and the pathological examination of the tumor indicated LMS‐OGC. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of spindle cells arranged in bundles or spokes with giant tumor cells and mitosis. Eosinophilic cytoplasm and morphologically benign osteoclast‐like cells were mixed together. Immunohistochemistry examination revealed SMA and desmin were positive with a Ki‐67 proliferation index of 40%. However, CK (AE1/AE3), E‐cadherin, ER, PR, CD34, S‐100 and CD10 were negatively expressed in the tumor tissue. LMS‐OGC is a soft tissue malignant tumor which develops extremely rarely in the breast. It should be differentiated and diagnosed according to the history, histological characteristics and immunohistochemical staining.

The thermal conductivities of single-layer BC

In this paper, we consider an initial-value problem to the two-dimensional incompressible micropolar fluid equations. Our main purpose is to study the boundary layer effects as the angular and micro-rotational viscosities go to zero. It is also shown that the boundary layer thickness is of the order O(źβ)$O(\gamma^{\beta })$ with (0

In this paper, we consider an initial-boundary value problem to the two-dimensional incompressible micropolar fluid equations. Our main purpose is to study the boundary layer effects, and especially, we pay more attention to control the boundary layer as the angular and microrotational viscosities go to zero. It is shown that the boundary layer thickness can be controlled by the derivative of the boundary temperature with respect to time. As a matter of fact, the relationship between the boundary layer thickness (\(O(\gamma ^\beta )\)) and the time derivative of the boundary temperature can be found in (1.13). Meanwhile, we generalize the conclusion of Reference Chen et al. (Z Angew Math Phys 65:687–710, 2014).

Our previous studies indicate that abnormal expression of several Wnt signaling molecules including Axin, Dvl and β-catenin are involved in proliferation, invasion and metastasis of lung cancer. Zbed3 was found to inhibit function of Axin-GSK3β complex and thus lead to accumulation of β-catenin in NIH3T3 and HEK293T cells. However its function in malignant tumors is largely unknown. Here we investigate the clinico-pathological significance of Zbed3 expression and its function in non-small cell lung cancer. We use immunohistochemistry and Western blotting to examine Zbed3 expression in non-small cell lung cancer and lung tissues. Transfection of siRNA and plasmid was used to study the function of Zbed3 in lung cancer cells in vitro. We found Zbed3 expression was elevated in cancer tissues compared to normal lung tissues. Increased Zbed3 expression is significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stages, higher Ki67 status and patients' poor clinical outcome. Higher Zbed3 expression was also found in lung cancer cell lines compared to bronchial epithelial cell line HBE. Downregulation of Zbed3 by siRNA significantly inhibits cancer cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. Downregulation of Zbed3 also significantly inhibits expression of β-catenin, downstream molecules of Wnt signaling and P120ctn-1 in lung cancer cells. These results suggest that Zbed3 may contribute to lung cancer cell invasion through regulating β-catenin and p120ctn-1 and may be a promissing cancer marker in non-small cell lung cancer. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The expression and significance of Diversin in human tumors remains unclear. We found that Diversin was overexpressed in NSCLC, and exhibited direct correlation to poor differentiation, advanced TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and survival time. Overexpression of Diversin lead to a significant increase in proliferation and invasion of NSCLC cells, possibly through activation of JNK, cyclin B and MMP9, and the effects were blocked by JNK inhibitor. These results suggest Diversin is overexpressed in NSCLC and predict poor prognosis. Diversin may promote cell proliferation and invasion through JNK pathway.

Multiobjective programming problems have been widely applied to various engineering areas which include optimal design of an automotive engine, economics, and military strategies. In this paper, we propose a noninterior path following algorithm to solve a class of multiobjective programming problems. Under suitable conditions, a smooth path will be proven to exist. This can give a constructive proof of the existence of solutions and lead to an implementable globally convergent algorithm. Several numerical examples are given to illustrate the results of this paper.

DIX domain containing 1 (DIXDC1), is a human homolog of Ccd1, a recently identified DIX domain containing protein in zebrafish. DIXDC1 protein was detected in human colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and was found to be correlated with a high cell proliferation index. We demonstrated DIXDC1 overexpression in 55% (92/167) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases, compared to adjacent noncancerous lung tissues (P

Perfect nonlinear (PN) functions have been an interesting subject of study for a long time and have applications in coding theory, cryptography, combinatorial designs, and so on. In this paper, the planarity of the trinomialsxpk+1+ux2+vx2pkover GF(p2k) are presented. This class of PN functions are all EA-equivalent tox2.

In this paper, we consider the singular quasi-linear anisotropic elliptic boundary value problem (P) { f 1 ( u ) u x x + u y y + g ( u ) | ∇ u | q + f ( u ) = 0 , ( x , y ) ∈ Ω , u | ∂ Ω = 0 , where Ω is a smooth, bounded domain in R 2 ; 0 q 2 ; f 1 ( 0 ) = 0 , f 1 ( t ) > 0 ( t ≠ 0 ) , f 1 is a smooth function in ( − ∞ , + ∞ ) and is a non-decreasing function in ( 0 , + ∞ ) ; g ( t ) ≥ 0 , g is a smooth function in ( − ∞ , 0 ) ∪ ( 0 , + ∞ ) and is a non-increasing function in ( 0 , + ∞ ) ; f ( t ) > 0 , f is a smooth function in ( − ∞ , 0 ) ∪ ( 0 , + ∞ ) and is a strictly decreasing function in ( 0 , + ∞ ) . Clearly, this is a boundary degenerate elliptic problem if f 1 ( 0 ) = 0 . We show that the solution of the Dirichlet boundary value problem (P) is smooth in the interior and continuous or Lipschitz continuous up to the degenerate boundary and give the conditions for which gradients of solutions are bounded or unbounded. We believe that these results on regularity of the solution should be very useful.

The Keldysh equation is a more general form of the classic Tricomi equation from fluid dynamics. Its well-posedness and the regularity of its solution are interesting and important. The Keldysh equation is elliptic in y > 0 and is degenerate at the line y = 0 in R 2 . Adding a special nonlinear absorption term, we study a nonlinear degenerate elliptic equation with mixed boundary conditions in a piecewise smooth domain—similar to the potential fluid shock reflection problem. By means of an elliptic regularization technique, a delicate a priori estimate and compact argument, we show that the solution of a mixed boundary value problem of the Keldysh equation is smooth in the interior and Lipschitz continuous up to the degenerate boundary under some conditions. We believe that this kind of regularity result for the solution will be rather useful.

The Busemann-equation is a classical equation coming from fluid dynamics. The well-posed problem and regularity of solution of Busemann-equation with nonlinear term are interesting and important. The Busemann-equation is elliptic in y > 0 and is degenerate at the line y = 0 in R 2 . With a special nonlinear absorb term, we study a nonlinear degenerate elliptic equation with mixed boundary conditions in a piecewise smooth domain. By means of elliptic regularization technique, a delicate prior estimate and compact argument, we show that the solution of mixed boundary value problem of Busemann-equation is smooth in the interior and Lipschitz continuous up to the degenerate boundary on some conditions. The result is better than the result of classical boundary degenerate elliptic equation.

In this paper, we investigate the computation of the first-order derivatives of complex eigenvectors for general non-defective eigensystems. A new normalization condition is proposed, with which we can compute unique first-order derivatives of arbitrary differentiable eigenvectors of systems with distinct and repeated eigenvalues. We also present an efficient algorithm to compute the particular solutions to the governing equations of the first-order derivatives of eigenvectors. Finally, numerical examples are included to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

In this paper, an improved procedure for imposing displacement boundary conditions in the direct stiffness method of the finite element analysis is presented. The proposed procedure neither changes the original order of the master stiffness matrix, nor does it require the rearrangement of the coefficient matrix. Consequently, it is easy to be implemented. Especially, the condition numbers of coefficient matrices of the improved procedure are remarkably reduced; hence the sensitivity of the solution to perturbations is considerably lowered. Numerical examples are used to demonstrate the validity of the proposed procedure. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The problem of shock reflection by a wedge, which the flow is dominated by the unsteady potential flow equation, is a important problem. In weak regular reflection, the flow behind the reflected shock is immediately supersonic and becomes subsonic further downstream. The reflected shock is transonic. Its position is a free boundary for the unsteady potential equation, which is degenerate at the sonic line in self-similar coordinates. Applying the special partial hodograph transformation used in [Zhouping Xin, Huicheng Yin, Transonic shock in a nozzle I, 2-D case, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 57 (2004) 1–51; Zhouping Xin, Huicheng Yin, Transonic shock in a nozzle II, 3-D case, IMS, preprint (2003)], we derive a nonlinear degenerate elliptic equation with nonlinear boundary conditions in a piecewise smooth domain. When the angle, which between incident shock and wedge, is small, we can see that weak regular reflection as the disturbance of normal reflection as in [Shuxing Chen, Linear approximation of shock reflection at a wedge with large angle, Comm. Partial Differential Equations 21 (78) (1996) 1103–1118]. By linearizing the resulted nonlinear equation and boundary conditions with above viewpoint, we obtain a linear degenerate elliptic equation with mixed boundary conditions and a linear degenerate elliptic equation with oblique boundary conditions in a curved quadrilateral domain. By means of elliptic regularization techniques, delicate a priori estimate and compact arguments, we show that the solution of linearized problem with oblique boundary conditions is smooth in the interior and Lipschitz continuous up to the degenerate boundary.

This paper concerns the Cauchy problem of the two-dimensional (2D) nonhomogeneous incompressible Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations with vacuum as far field density. We establish the global existence and uniqueness of strong solutions to the 2D Cauchy problem on the whole space $\mathbb{R}^2$, provided that the initial density and the initial magnetic decay not too slow at infinity. In particular, the initial data can be arbitrarily large and the initial density can contain vacuum states and even have compact support. Furthermore, we also obtain the large time decay rates of the gradients of velocity, magnetic and pressure., Comment: 20 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1506.03143, arXiv:1506.02156; text overlap with arXiv:1501.05417, arXiv:1310.1673 by other authors

The problem of shock reflection by a wedge in the flow dominated by the unsteady potential flow equation is an important problem. In weak regular reflection, the flow behind the reflected shock is immediately supersonic and becomes subsonic further downstream. The reflected shock is transonic. Its position is a free boundary for the unsteady potential equation, which is degenerate at the sonic line in self-similar coordinates. Applying the special partial hodograph transformation used in [Zhouping Xin, Huicheng Yin, Transonic shock in a nozzle I, 2-D case, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. LVII (2004) 1-51; Zhouping Xin, Huicheng Yin, Transonic shock in a nozzle II, 3-D case, IMS, preprint, 2003], we derive a nonlinear degenerate elliptic equation with nonlinear boundary conditions in a piecewise smooth domain. When the angle between incident shock and wedge is small, we can see the weak regular reflection as the disturbance of normal reflection as in [Chen Shuxing, Linear approximation of shock reflection at a wedge with large angle, Comm. Partial Differential Equations 21(78) (1996) 1103–1118]. By linearizing the resulted nonlinear equation and boundary conditions with the above viewpoint in [Chen Shuxing, Linear approximation of shock reflection at a wedge with large angle, Comm. Partial Differential Equations 21(78) (1996) 1103–1118], we obtain a linear degenerate elliptic equation with mixed boundary conditions in a curved quadrilateral domain. By means of elliptic regularization techniques, a delicate a priori estimate and compact arguments, we show that the solution of the linearized problem is smooth in the interior and Lipschitz continuous up to the degenerate boundary.

In this paper, a new method for computing eigenvector derivatives with distinct and repeated eigenvalues for the real symmetric eigensystems is presented. Its main idea is to extend the governing equations of particular solutions for eigenvector derivatives. The extension is completed by requiring the solution to be mass orthogonal with respect to the distinct or repeated modes and adjusting the corresponding coefficients so that the coefficient matrix of the extended system is non-singular and has smaller condition number. Numerical examples are included to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Background Disorders of cell adhesion are critical steps in cancer progression in which varieties of markers including cadherins are involved in.Btbd7 was found to inhibit E-cadherin expression in MDCK cells and play important roles during branching morphogenesis of embryonic salivary glands and lungs. However its function in malignant tumors is largely unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinicopathological significance and possible function of Btbd7 in non-small cell lung cancer. Methods Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to investigate Btbd7 expression in non-small cell lung cancer and lung tissues. The clinicopathological association and the overall survival was analyzed. In vitro experiments were performed using siRNA to investigate the function of Btbd7 in lung cancer cells. Results Btbd7 expression was elevated in non-small cell lung cancer tissues compared to normal lung tissues. Increased Btbd7 expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, reduced E-cadherin expression and patients’ poor clinical outcome. Downregulation of Btbd7 expression in lung cancer cells by siRNA significantly inhibits cancer cell invasion and effectively restores E-cadherin expression in cancer cell membrane. Conclusions Btbd7 contributes to reduced expression of E-cadherin and may be a promising cancer marker in non-small cell lung cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-704) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Our previous studies indicate that abnormal expression of several Wnt signaling molecules including Axin, Dvl and β-catenin are involved in proliferation, invasion and metastasis of lung cancer. Zbed3 was found to inhibit function of Axin-GSK3β complex and thus lead to accumulation of β-catenin in NIH3T3 and HEK293T cells. However its function in malignant tumors is largely unknown. Here we investigate the clinico-pathological significance of Zbed3 expression and its function in non-small cell lung cancer. We use immunohistochemistry and Western blotting to examine Zbed3 expression in non-small cell lung cancer and lung tissues. Transfection of siRNA and plasmid was used to study the function of Zbed3 in lung cancer cells in vitro. We found Zbed3 expression was elevated in cancer tissues compared to normal lung tissues. Increased Zbed3 expression is significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stages, higher Ki67 status and patients' poor clinical outcome. Higher Zbed3 expression was also found in lung cancer cell lines compared to bronchial epithelial cell line HBE. Downregulation of Zbed3 by siRNA significantly inhibits cancer cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. Downregulation of Zbed3 also significantly inhibits expression of β-catenin, downstream molecules of Wnt signaling and P120ctn-1 in lung cancer cells. These results suggest that Zbed3 may contribute to lung cancer cell invasion through regulating β-catenin and p120ctn-1 and may be a promissing cancer marker in non-small cell lung cancer.

T HE computation of derivatives of eigenvalues and eigenvectors with respect to model parameters is crucial for many applications [1]. Nelson [2] proposed an approach for general real eigensystemswith distinct eigenvalueswhere only the eigenvector of interest was required. Ojalvo [3], Mills-Curran [4], Dailey [5], and Shaw and Jayasuriya [6] developed Nelson’s method for real symmetric eigensystems with repeated eigenvalues. For computation of a particular solution, themethods described in [3,5]may fail in some circumstances. Other methods have been suggested by MillsCurran [4] and Song et al. [7], but they are difficult to implement. When a system of linear equations is solved, one hopes that the calculated solution is a close representation of the true solution. The computed solution for a system with a large condition number may be inexact due to extreme sensitivity of the solution to small changes in its coefficient matrix and right column vectors [8]. Because some diagonal elements in the coefficient matrix for particular solutions are set to units, its coefficients are not all of the same order of magnitude. So the coefficient matrix has a large condition number. In this Note, Nelson’s method is first extended to the case of repeated eigenvalues for the symmetric real eigensystems and its improvements are then presented. The condition number of the coefficient matrix of the improved method is considerably reduced.

DIX domain containing 1 (DIXDC1), is a human homolog of Ccd1, a recently identified DIX domain containing protein in zebrafish. DIXDC1 protein was detected in human colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and was found to be correlated with a high cell proliferation index. We demonstrated DIXDC1 overexpression in 55% (92/167) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases, compared to adjacent noncancerous lung tissues (P 0.01). Overexpression of DIXDC1 was associated with lymph node metastasis and more advanced TNM stage (P 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank testing indicated that overexpression of DIXDC1 correlated with worse overall survival in NSCLC (P = 0.031). DIXDC1 was more abundant in seven NSCLC lines than the bronchial cell line HBE, and modulation of its expression regulated AP-1 activity; MMP2, MMP7, and MMP9 protein and mRNA; and invasion ability. Metalloproteinase induction was reversed by PI3K/AKT and AP-1 inhibition. These results suggest DIXDC1 is associated with stage and prognosis in NSCLC, and may promote invasion and migration through PI3K-AKT/AP-1-dependent activation of metalloproteinases.

In this text we present a series of LC-MS/UV-based strategies for on-line structure identification of unknown flavone glycosides in Dracocephalum tanguticum. The aglycone portion, the glycosylation position, the order of sugars and the identity of sugars of each glycoside were unambiguously identified. The new strategy--identifying the partial structure of a molecule by comparison with a different compound possessing the same assumed partial structure--is quite effective for structure identification of the aglycone of 1-4; the unusual non-radical [Y(0)-H-CH(2)](-) ion observed for the methoxylated flavonoid glycoside 8 is quite useful for structure elucidation of the aglycone of 5-8; the UV data obtained on-line with post-column addition of UV-shift reagents are powerful for determination of the glycosylation and methoxylation positions for each flavone glycoside. Finally, isolation and subsequent individual analysis by NMR were performed to provide complementary information for the configurations of each sugar and the linkage types of each disaccharide. Thus, the structures of the eight detected flavone glycosides, which all have never been reported in D. tanguticum before, were positively identified.