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Acousto-optic (AO) properties of an environmentally friendly Ge20Sb15Se65 chalcogenide glass were investigated, and the results show that Ge20Sb15Se65 glass was a potential material for manufacturing AO modulator (AOM) because its composition possesses excellent performance of high optical quality and transmission in the infrared region spectral, non-toxic, high glass transition temperature, strong mechanical strength, easy to fabricate in large bulk, and isotropic homogeneity. Particularly, its outstanding AO figure of merit (M2 = 407 × 10−15 s3/kg) was approximately 270 times that of fused quartz glass, making it attractive for AO device designs. Herein, the construction of the AOM based on Ge20Sb15Se65 glass as AO material was performed, and we obtained a high diffraction efficiency of 73.4% at a high acoustic frequency of 160 MHz and an extremely low radio-frequency (RF) power of 0.25 W when the laser beam at 1550 nm was controlled. To our best knowledge, the results of initial tests on the AOM prepared from Ge–Sb–Se chalcogenide glass were first reported. Such an AOM design enriches the family of AO devices and exploits the route for the practical application of chalcogenide glass.

China’s per capita resources are scarce and consumed very quickly. New energy power generation has the characteristics of green, environmental protection and renewable, and it is the main development direction of the current and future power industry. With the continuous expansion of new energy power generation and grid-connected scale, various adverse effects brought to the power grid in the process of grid-connected are gradually emerging and becoming more and more serious.This paper briefly introduces the distributed power generation, and then studies and analyzes various problems brought by the grid connection of new energy to the power system from the four aspects of grid voltage, grid harmonics, grid frequency, and grid protection, and gives some solutions. For example, if the power generation equipment meets the grid-connection standard, a real-time monitoring device for power quality and a dynamic reactive power compensation device can be installed; for harmonic pollution problems, multi-pulse converters and power filter devices can be used; for power quality problems in the distribution network, the structure of the power grid can be optimized., Reasonable selection of the impedance ratio of the circuit, etc.

Acupuncture has been applied in 183 countries and regions and gradually become a name card as TCM spreads across the world. The international influence of which plays a significant role in enhancing TCM development. The laws and regulations of TCM acupuncture along One-Belt-One-Road countries were compared and analyzed in this article. With comprehensive research and analysis, the international development strategy of acupuncture was rationally proposed. Combined with the historical background of China's national initiative One-Belt-One-Road, the acupuncture was taken as a breakthrough to lead the global spreading of TCM culture and Chinese herbs, so as to enhance China's soft strength, which could further create a fine cultural environment for the economic prosperity of One-Belt-One-Road countries. In addition, the strategy selection for China regarding TCM acupuncture development along One-Belt-One-Road countries was proposed, and the suggestive solution and implementation strategy for the essential missions and significant issues were provided.

To compare the efficacy difference between fire acupuncture with centro-square needles (FACSN) and filiform needling (FN) for knee osteoarthritis (KOA).Seventy-two patients were randomly assigned into an FACSN group and an FN group, 36 cases in each one.Compared before treatment, the score of VAS and the total score of WOMAC were improved in the two groups at each time point after treatment (allFire acupuncture with centro-square needles has relatively high cured and remarkable effective rate for KOA, with rapid onset; as for pain relief, the efficacy is superior to filiform needling.

To explore the impacts on physical and mental health of the patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) treated with electroacupuncture (EA) or Diane 35.Seventy-two patients of PCOS were randomized into an acupuncture group and a western medication group, 36 cases in each group. In the acupuncture group, acupuncture was applied to relieving liver stagnation and regulatingCompared with those before treatment in the same group, the symptom scores were reduced significantly after treatment in the two groups (bothEA with relieving liver stagnation and regulating

In this paper, considering the traditional reactive power optimization cannot realize the continuous voltage adjustment and voltage stability, a dynamic reactive power optimization strategy is proposed in order to achieve both the minimization of network loss and high voltage stability with wind power. Due to the fact that wind power generation is fluctuant and uncertain, electrical equipments such as transformers and shunt capacitors may be operated frequently in order to achieve minimization of network loss, which affect the lives of these devices. In order to solve this problem, this paper introduces the derivation process of analytical impedance ratio based on Thevenin equivalent. Thus, the multiple objective function is proposed to minimize the network loss and analytical impedance ratio. Finally, taking the improved IEEE 33-bus distribution system as example, the result shows that the movement of voltage control equipment has been reduced and network loss increment is controlled at the same time, wh...

The development and compilation of Evidence-based Guidelines of Clinical Practice with Acupuncture and Moxibustion: Adult Bronchial Asthma are introduced from three aspects, named the guideline methodology, the guideline structure and the guideline content. Based on the acupuncture-moxibustion practice and clinical research, the evidence-based medicine method is adopted. During the development and compilation of the guideline, the characteristics and advantages of acupuncture and moxibustion are specially considered in the treatment of this disease; the latest optimum evidences at home and abroad, experts' experience and patients' value are closely integrated with each other. Additionally, the worldwide accepted assessments of evidence quality and the recommendation (GRADE system) are combined with the clinical evidences of the ancient and modern famous acupuncture-moxibustion experts, and the clinical research evidences are with the experts' consensus to the large extent. The purpose of the guideline is to provide the maximal guidance to the clinical physicians.

To summarize and analyze rules for acupoint selection and prescription composition in clinical literature regarding acupuncture for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).CHKD, VIP and Wan-fang databases were retrieved. The clinical literature data included in the study was collected. The descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the main acupoints, main meridians of main acupoints, distribution of main acupoints, application of special points and rules for acupoint composition.Fifty-two articles were included, involving 55 main acupoints with a total frequency of 375. The most frequent acupoints of acupuncture for PCOS were Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Guanyuan (CV 4), Zigong (EX-CA 1), Zhongji (CV 3) and Qihai (CV 6). The meridians of main acupoitns were conception vessel, spleen meridian of foot-taiyin and stomach meridian of foot-yangming. The main acupoints were distributed in the lower abdomen, lower limbs and back. In the special points, the use of front-mu points, five-shu points and back-shu points was more frequent. The prescription was usually consisted of 5 to 7 acupoints, (6. 9 ± 3. 6) acupoints in average.In the modern treatment of acupuncture for PCOS, Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Guanyuan (CV 4), Zigong (EX-CA 1), Zhongii (CV 3) and Qihai (CV 6) are most used. With the theories of meridian and zang-fu as essential references, the acupoint selection is based on disease differentiation and meridian circulation. Additionally, the methods for selecting the adjacent points and the distant points are adopted.

By using questionnaire method to understand the evaluation regarding cost-effectiveness of acupuncture for migraine in both doctors and patients.By using questionnaire method, questionnaires for doctors and patients were made respectively; by using network platform, two sets of questionnaires were publicly released, which were filled in online. The results were real-time background collected and then analyzed.Totally 696 effective questionnaires for patients and 114 questionnaires for doctors were collected. The results indicated that (1)the direct cost (including treatment fee and material fee) for preventive treatment of migraine was 109 yuan per time in regular acupuncture, 152 yuan per time in regular acupuncture + electroacupuncture (EA) and 238 yuan per time in acupoint catgut embedding. The travelling expense was 42 yuan per time within the city and 193 yuan per time between cities. The indirect cost included cost for loss of working time (208 yuan per time), cost for treatment time (acupoint catgut embedding: 10 to 30 min per time, once one to three weeks; the remaining two treatments: 20 to 50 min per time, once to 5 times every week), time cost for arriving and departing hospital (1 to 3 hours per time within the city and 4 hours per time between cities). From the angle of treatment course, acupoint catgut embedding reduced the treatment frequency, leading to a lower total cost. (2)A mong the reasons to select different acupuncture methods to treat migraine, the results of patient questionnaire indicated that the focus in the patients who selected acupoint catgut embedding was different from that in the patients who selected two other treatments. The main advantage of acupoint catgut embedding was superior and lasting efficacy with low cost. The results of doctor questionnaire indicated the main reason to select acupoint catgut embedding was "lasting efficacy after single treatment" (87. 5%) and "lower frequency of treatment" (75. 0%). (3) The main reason to obstruct the popularization of acupoint catgut embedding was this method was not widely known.The acupoint catgut embedding is one ideal preventive treatment for migraine, which has higher cost-effectiveness, however, currently it is not widely applied. In future advertisement and training program should be strengthened to perform targeted popularization of acupoint catgut embedding for migraine.

In the no-boundary Universe of Hartle and Hawking, the path integral for the quantum state of the Universe must be summed only over nonsingular histories. If the quantum corrections to the Hamilton-lacobi equation in the interpretation of the wave packet is taken into account, then all classical trajectories should be nonsingular. The quantum behaviour of the classical singularity in theS1×Sm model (m⩾2) is also clarified. It is argued that the Universe should evolve from the zero momentum state, instead from a zero volume state, to a 3-geometry state.

A gravitational instanton is considered as the seed for the creation of a universe. However, there exist too few instantons. To include many interesting phenomena in the framework of quantum cosmology, the concept of constrained gravitational instanton is inevitable. In this paper we show how a primordial black hole is created from a constrained instanton. The quantum creation of a generic black hole in the closed or open background is completely resolved. The relation of the creation scenario with gravitational thermodynamics and topology is discussed.